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READING
Phonemic AwarenessWord RecognitionComprehension
Hope M. Koppers
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Reading is a complex and intentional activity involving the eyes, brain and mind.
Phonemic Awareness Word Recognition Comprehension
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PHONEMIC AWARENESS
The ability to identify & manipulate sounds.
most important factor in learning reading greater predictor of success than I. Q. phonemic awareness level in kindergarten
can predict levels of achievement up to 10 years later
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Components
Sound comparison
Phoneme segmentation
Phonemic blending
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Sound Comparison
Rhyming
Comparison of beginnings & ending
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Rhyming
SongsNursery RhymesRiddlesBooks Visuals
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Book – Hungry Thing
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Comparison
Initial consonant
Final consonant
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Segmentation
Counting PronouncingDeletingAddingChanging
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Stretching – Elkonin Method
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Stretching – Hope’s Method
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Phonemic Blending
One Skill Only
Teacher says separate sounds and students put sounds together to identify word.
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WORD RECOGNITION
The speed and accuracy in decoding and recognition of words are significant factors in improved reading comprehension.
Phonetic decodingHigh Frequency Words
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Reading material changes as children enter higher grades.
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Phonetic Decoding
Synthetic
r - e - d
k - n -o – w ?
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Analytic
- pronounceable word-parts
- building words
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Other Methods
Analogy or Compare & Contrast
Structural Analysis
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DISSECT
1. Discover the Context
2. Isolate the Prefix
3. Separate the Suffix
4. Say the Stem
5. Examine the Stem
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Rules of 2’s and 3’s- starts with vowel
separate first 2 letters and read, continue
- starts with consonant
separate first 3 letters,
read, continue
trans at/lan/ tic
al ter/na/ tor
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6. Check
7. Try Dictionary
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Context Clues
I saw a cow at the farm.
I saw a cow at the farm.
I saw a cow at the farm.
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High Frequency Words
Lacks meaning
Confused with other words
Spelling often not a clue
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Word Wall Words
Methods for Teaching
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Word Association
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VAKT (visual, auditory, kinesthetic, tactile)
1. Find word in dictionary.
2. Teacher writes word on paper, saying syllables,
and traces word, saying syllables.
3. Student traces, saying syllables. Repeat….
4. Writes from memory.
5. Compares with teacher’s.
6. Word filed in box.
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THE THREE P’S
When reading with a child, a method called The Three P’s is suggested for helping.
P - pauseP - promptP - praise
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COMPREHENSION
Understand the meaning of text
Makes sense of the information
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Strategy Instruction
Teacher: Explains strategy Demonstrates how to apply strategy Think aloud to model mental process
used when reading Guided practice
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General Comprehension Methods
ConnectionsMaking predictionsMonitoring understandingVisualizingQuestioningRetelling/Summarizes
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Connections
Connections to self, other text, to world
Connections to characters
New knowledge is constructed on basis of knowledge student already has.
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Connection to Text
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Connection to Characters
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Methods of Connections
Web
Preview
KWL Chart
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Making Predictions
Use prior knowledge and information to make logical guesses.
Revise predictions as they read.
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Methods of Making Predictions
KWL
Preview
DRTA (Directed Reading-Thinking Activity)
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McMillan Equation
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Monitoring Understanding
Ability of reader to recognize when comprehension is breaking down and being able to “fix” it.
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Methods of Monitoring Understanding
Mark points in text that are confusing and reread.
Determine interference and read ahead.
Check & Line HUH?
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McMillans
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Questioning
Questions are produced by reader as they read.
Methods: Ask about who, what, where, content &
problems QAR (Question/Answer Relationship) ERT (Everyone Read to…)
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Visualization/Imaging
Reader creates a picture in mind to prompt understanding, recall and appreciation.
Imaging includes visual, auditory, or other senses.
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Draw Picture McMillan Chart
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Retelling/Summarizing
Readers identify main ideas and details of selections. Summary is main idea.
Prompts
- Pretend I never heard the story. Tell me it.
- Tell me what you learned from reading.
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Retelling with Props
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Inference
Reader reads between the lines.
Makes a judgment, discovers a theme, makes discoveries without direct comment from the writer.
Takes clues from the text.
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Other Methods
DRA (Directed Reading Activity)DR-TA (Directed Reading-Thinking
Activity)SQ3RClozeGraphic Organizer
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“Sometimes you have to put the science of reading on the side to enjoy the art of reading.”