Download - Reading and the Teaching Profession
Reading and the Teaching Profession
GS 442- Literary Appreciation, Writing and Reading
The Teaching Profession
• Mechanical aspects
• Objective materials and
activities
Science
• Creative aspects• Subjective materials and
processes
Art
Systems of Teaching
Learners• Pupils
(young learners)
• Students (adult learners)
Teachers• Academic
teachers• Vocational
instructors
Information• Lesson
materials• Lesson
aides
Fundamental Aspects of Teaching
Approaches
Procedures
Techniques
Effective Traits of a Teacher
• Interpersonal• Emotions• Coping behaviours
Personality
• Attitude toward students
• Attitude toward teaching
• Attitude toward authority
• Attitude toward self
Attitudes
Effective Traits of a Teacher
• Teaching tenure• Credentials
Experience
• Talents/ specialization• General
experiences/training
Aptitude and
Achievement
Direct Instruction Strategies
Teacher-centered The dissemination of rules, facts and
action sequences in the most direct way possible.
Presentation and Recitation Teacher-Student interaction
Direct Instruction Strategies
Appropriateness of DIRECT INSTRUCTION:
1. Disseminate information not found in books or workbooks.
2. Arousing student interest.3. Achievement of mastery and over
learning of fundamental facts, rules and action sequences.
Direct Instruction Strategies
Reviewing
Independent
Practice
Feedback and
Correctives
Guided Practice
Presenting new
content
Student Response
What is STUDENT RESPONSE?
1. Non-evaluative – Indirect corrections to encourage
participation.2. Convert Responses: Encourages student engagement because of the
non-threatening environment.3. Comprehension Check
Student Prompting
Prompts HintsSupplement
ary Instructions
Modelling
Attention
Retention
Motivation
Production
Feedback and Correctives
Correct, quick and
firm
Correct but
hesitant
Incorrect because
of carelessn
ess or lack of
knowledge.
Indirect Instruction Strategy
Student-centered. The teacher is merely a facilitator
and supporter from being the lecturer or director.
Student interest and curiosity is the main focus.
Functions of Indirect Instruction
Content Organization
Student Evaluations
and Discussions
Questions and Learner Experience
Examples and Non
examples
Conceptual Movement
Conceptual Movement
• Conclusions, generalizations, pattern of relationships
• Observation of specific facts and relation to other circumstances.
Inductive
• Results of principles or generalizations after being applied in specific instances.
• Testing generalizations to see if they hold true.
Deductive
Examples and Non-examples
• Accurately related to the topic or subject.
Criterial
• Can be discriminated as it is unrelated.
Non-criteri
al
Self-directed learning
Promotes self-learning. Not the same as informal learning.
Study by visiting libraries and educational websites and use
classroom learning as a compliment to their personal study.
Shift of learning responsibility from teachers to students.
Metacognition
What we know
What we don’
t know
Reciprocal Teaching
Use of classroom dialogue for lesson discussion.
Detailed group discussions. Content appreciation and
interpretation. Productive yet encourages learner
independence.
Reciprocal Teaching
• Clearing parts of the text that are unclear
• Summarization of the text. Students then provide comments.
• Class discussion.
Inquiries and answers
come from students.
• Making judgments
and predictions
Predicting Questioning
ClarifyingSummarizing
Collaborative Learning
Where two or more students attempt to learn something together.
Learners benefit from each other’s skills and resources.
A community in which they could learn from individual and shared
experiences or take on roles (leader, teacher, etc).
Steps in Collaborative Learning
Specifying the goal
Debriefing
Monitoring group
performance
Teaching and
evaluating
Task Structuri
ng
The Reading Process
Cognitive process of decoding symbols.
Interaction between text and the reader.
Continuous practice and refinement.
Stages of Reading Development
Emergent
Reader
Early Reader
s
Fluent Reader
s
Transitional
Readers
Nature of the Reading Process
Cognitive ProcessReconstruction and
InterpretationComprehension
Fluency
Six Modes of Reading
Scanning Skimming Rapid Reading
Pleasure Reading
Critical/Analytical Reading
Study Reading
Reading Purposes
Pleasure Appreciation
Functional
Purposes
Knowledge
acquisition
Comprehension Types
Literal Interpretative Affective
CriticalCreative
Levels of Reading Comprehension
Literal Interpretative Applied
Factors that affect comprehension
Reader Interest
Motivation Schema
Factors that affect comprehension
• New information + existing schema• Interpretation;
supplying of missing information.
Assimilation
• Adjusting of prior knowledge
• Acceptance of new or radical information
Accommodation
Teaching Reading
Pre-Reading
• Schema theory
activation
Active Reading
• comprehension
• metacognition
Post Reading
• Reflection• Evaluation• Application
Reading Skills
Read written form (literal) Mentally interact with the message
(interpretative) Read anything with independence
(applied)
Reading Skills
Vocabulary
Comprehension
FluencyCritical Thinking
Teaching Reading
Reading fluency is the most advanced of all stages of reading
and is primarily the main goal of all learners who are improving their
reading abilities. Literal and Interpretative centered
learning.
References:
Borich, Gary D. (2004). Effective Teaching Methods: Fifth Edition. New Jersey: Pearson Education Inc.
Mukalel, Joseph C. (2003). Creative Approaches to Classroom Teaching. New Delhi: Discovery Publishing House.
Reading as a Complex Cognitive Process. Retrieved on: October 7, 2012 http://www.palomar.edu/reading/r110hybrid/Module%201/mod1.1ReadingProcess.htm
Understanding the Reading Process. Retrieved on: October 7, 2012. http://academic.cuesta.edu/acasupp/AS/302.HTM
References:
Kurland, Daniel J. (2000). What is Critical Thinking? Retrieved from http:// http://www.criticalreading.com/critical_reading.htm
Buela, Hernane (2010). General Strategies and Teaching Techniques [PowerPoint slides]. Retrieved from http://www.slideshare.net/hernanebuella/general-methods-and-techniques-of-teaching
Teaching Methods (n.d.). Retrieved October 5, 2012 from Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teaching_method
Traits of an Effective Teacher. Retrieved on: October 6, 2012. http://www.school-teacher-student-motivation-resources-courses.com/goodteacher.html
Stages of Reading Development. Retrieved on: October 7, 2012. http://www.readingrockets.org/article/51574/