![Page 1: R&D towards the acoustic positioning system of KM3NeT](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081517/56815666550346895dc416aa/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
R&D towards the acoustic positioning system of KM3NeT
M. Ardid, M. Bou-Cabo, F. Camarena, V. Espinosa, G. Larosa, C.D. Llorens, and J.A. Martínez-Mora (IGIC –UPV),
representing the KM3NeT consortium
VLVNT’09 – Athens - October 2009
![Page 2: R&D towards the acoustic positioning system of KM3NeT](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081517/56815666550346895dc416aa/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Introduction
• In undersea neutrino telescopes, sea currents result on drifts of the top of the detection units and Optical Modules (OMs) by several meters
• However, muon track reconstruction is based on:
– precise arrival time of Cherenkov photons to the OMs(< 2 ns)
– Monitor the OM position with the corresponding resolution (< 40 cm)
• An acoustic triangulation system is needed for monitoring the OM positions, so as to provide the tracking precision and angular resolution required for astronomical neutrino source searches.
• We present our effort in R&D towards this system for KM3NeT– Activities, solutions proposed, prototype systems and tests– We have focused in the transceiver design
![Page 3: R&D towards the acoustic positioning system of KM3NeT](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081517/56815666550346895dc416aa/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Specifications for the system
• Difficulties of the system:– Deep water, large volume, number of elements, integration in the
telescope. – Combined in a system with reasonable cost and complexity
• Large uncertainty in the description of the detector:– mechanics, optical modules, distances between elements, etc.?
• General specifications:– Acoustic range > 1 km– Cost: of the order of 1% of the total cost– Reliable– Redundancy
![Page 4: R&D towards the acoustic positioning system of KM3NeT](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081517/56815666550346895dc416aa/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Solution proposed
• Acoustic transducer:– We have selected the commercial available SX30 Free Flooded Ring
from Sensortech, Canada, since it fulfils all the requirements:• It can operate as emmiter and receiver with good efficiencies (20-40 kHz)• It can stand high power signals• It can stand high pressures• It can be affordable in the large number of units required by KM3NeT
• Electronics– Worth to do R&D in the electronics to::
• Fulfil the special requirements of the system: low-power consumption, configurable from shore, etc.
• Optimise to the transducer chosen• Reduce costs
![Page 5: R&D towards the acoustic positioning system of KM3NeT](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081517/56815666550346895dc416aa/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Acoustic transducer: Specifications
• Info from the supplier
![Page 6: R&D towards the acoustic positioning system of KM3NeT](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081517/56815666550346895dc416aa/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Tests to transducers: Transmit Voltage Response
Preamplifier
Generator Signal
Recorded Board
PC
Acoustic Board
Power Supply 5 V
ITC 1042 FFR10 cm
10 cm
10 cmReson
EMITTER
RECEIVER
TRIGGER
Osciloscope
![Page 7: R&D towards the acoustic positioning system of KM3NeT](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081517/56815666550346895dc416aa/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Tests to transducers: Transmit Voltage Response
Calibration from the supplier
• Small variations with respect to the supplier calibration
![Page 8: R&D towards the acoustic positioning system of KM3NeT](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081517/56815666550346895dc416aa/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Tests to transducers: Received Voltage Response
Preamplifier
Generator Signal
Recorded BoardPC
Acoustic Board
Power Supply 5 V
TRIGGER
ITC 1042 FFR10 cm
10 cm
10 cmReson
EMITTERRECEIVER
![Page 9: R&D towards the acoustic positioning system of KM3NeT](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081517/56815666550346895dc416aa/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Tests to transducers: Received Voltage Response
Calibration from the supplier
• Larger variations observed: possible effect of the preamplifier used • Need deeper investigation
![Page 10: R&D towards the acoustic positioning system of KM3NeT](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081517/56815666550346895dc416aa/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Tests to transducers: Transmiting Directivity
Calibration from the supplier
• We will check in the following months
![Page 11: R&D towards the acoustic positioning system of KM3NeT](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081517/56815666550346895dc416aa/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Tests to transducers: Pressure dependence
• Tests performed at the large hyperbaric tank at IFREMER-Brest– Small variations with pressure
![Page 12: R&D towards the acoustic positioning system of KM3NeT](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081517/56815666550346895dc416aa/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Electronics: Requirements
• To handle emission and reception– Protect reception from high tension
• All-data-to-shore approach– Increase reliability, easier tuning, and versatility
• Configurable from shore – Communication using Slow Control (RS232)
• Low power consumption– Less than 1 W at 5 V– Store energy to have very high electric power in short time
![Page 13: R&D towards the acoustic positioning system of KM3NeT](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081517/56815666550346895dc416aa/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Electronics: solution proposed
• Design of the 1st electronic board:– Blue: Communication and control– Red: Emission part
• Digital feeding + transducer response – Green: Reception part
• Limiter to protect from emission• Analogic, see G. Riccobene’s talk for
ADC and rest of the electronic chain
![Page 14: R&D towards the acoustic positioning system of KM3NeT](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081517/56815666550346895dc416aa/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Performance of the first electronic board• Low consumption
– Less than 1 W at 5 V• Easy configuration and control by RS232
– Possible to handle arbitrary signals for emission, but could be improved• Fast synchronisation using a TTL signal
– A few s delay for emission, stability better than 1 s• High power for emission
– Transducer feeded with 300 Vpp, but probably not enough for KM3NeT• Low intrinsic noise• Good matching between the electronics and the transducer and
response according to the designAlmost ready a 2nd version of the electronic board, which overcomes the limitations observed and improves performance.Tests before the end of the year.
![Page 15: R&D towards the acoustic positioning system of KM3NeT](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081517/56815666550346895dc416aa/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Tests to electronics + transducers: Signals emmitted
• Arbitrary signal emission not implemented in the first version of the board.
• Some examples of tone bursts at 30 kHz are shown.
• 2nd version of the board, possible to use arbitrary signals easily. Take advantage of signal processing techniques.
1 cycle
5 cycles 10 cycles100 cycles
Fluctuations in received amplitude due to reflections in the tank
![Page 16: R&D towards the acoustic positioning system of KM3NeT](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081517/56815666550346895dc416aa/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Tests to board + transducers: Receiving response and transmitting power
![Page 17: R&D towards the acoustic positioning system of KM3NeT](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081517/56815666550346895dc416aa/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Tests to board + transducers: Intrinsic noise• Measurement done in the anechoic chamber• Singular frequencies appear, most probable due to
electromagnetic contamination of our lab• Need confirmation in a cleaner environment• For the rest, noise below 120 dB (~ ≤Sea State 1)
Preliminary
![Page 18: R&D towards the acoustic positioning system of KM3NeT](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081517/56815666550346895dc416aa/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Tests to board + transducers: Whole process (echo)
• Whole performance of the system can be studied in a pool looking at echoes.
• Measurements from last week:– Analyses are going on to study
the stability in amplitude and time.
Amplitude limited during emission
Floor echo
Wall echoes
Red :with reflectorBlue: w/o reflector
![Page 19: R&D towards the acoustic positioning system of KM3NeT](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081517/56815666550346895dc416aa/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Tests to board + transducers: Summary
• We have designed and tested a system that can be used in the acoustic positioning system fulfilling most of the requirements: – Low cost, Low power, stability, etc.– We have acquired an important know-how
• Improvements are needed in some aspects:– Transmitting power (or sensitivity) is not enough:
• We are in the 0-10 dB Signal-to-Noise ratio.• 2nd Electronic Board will provide about 185 dB ref 1 Pa at 1 m
– Arbitrary signals for emission very helpful for KM3:• Possible in the 2nd version
• More checks needed in some aspects: – Intrinsic noise, stability.
![Page 20: R&D towards the acoustic positioning system of KM3NeT](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081517/56815666550346895dc416aa/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
2nd Electronic board
• More accurate arbitrary signal: using a more powerful microcontroller and the PWM technique
• Power up the signal more than four times: using an H-Bridge• Capacity of acquiring and processing the received signal in the
board
![Page 21: R&D towards the acoustic positioning system of KM3NeT](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081517/56815666550346895dc416aa/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Conclusions
• We have the know-how and are in the way to have a solution for the transceivers of the acoustic positioning system of KM3NeT
• In principle, t is compatible with the different options for the receiver hydros:– Good sensitive hydrophones that can be used in acoustic detection of
neutrinos or bioacoustic monitoring– Acoustic modules: piezos glued inside the glass spheres– And of course with the free flooded ring transducers.