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Radiology Pathology Conference
Bill Parkhurst, MD Pallavi Galera, MD
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Disclosure
▪ I have no financial interests other than UMass, unfortunately.
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Case #1
▪ 80 year old male presented to the ED for multiple episodes of “head pressure” and dizziness with head movement.
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Carotid Body Tumor
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Differential Diagnosis
▪ Carotid Space Schwannoma ▪ Associated with NF2 ▪ Fusiform enhancing mass in carotid space ▪ Does not splay carotid bifurcation ▪ May have intramural cysts
▪ Carotid space neurofibroma ▪ Associated with NF1 ▪ Circumscribed mass in carotid space ▪ Does not splay carotid bifurcation
▪ Glomus vagale Paraganlioma ▪ Posterolateral high oropharyngeal mass ▪ Centered higher, below the skull base ▪ Does have high velocity flow voids
▪ Carotid Artery Pseudoaneurysm ▪ History of Trauma, pulsatile mass ▪ Complex carotid artery mass
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US of neck
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Key Images
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Carotid Body Tumor
▪ General Features
▪ Vascular splaying of the ECA and ICA
▪ Mass Centered in crux of carotid bifurcation
▪ Typically Unilateral – 90-95%
▪ Usually between 1-6 cm
▪ Ovoid mass with broad lobular surface contour
▪ Circumferential contact of tumor to ICA predicts surgical classification
▪ Type I: <180
▪ Type II: >180 and <270
▪ Type II: >270
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Carotid Body Tumor
▪ CT findings: ▪ NECT density similar to muscles ▪ Avidly enhancing ▪ Extends cephalad from carotid bifurcation ▪ Rapid enhancement when compared to nerve sheath tumors
▪ MRI ▪ Signal similar to muscle ▪ Salt and pepper appearance – only in larger tumors and limited diagnostic value
▪ Salt ▪ High signal areas within tumor ▪ Secondary to hemorrhage
▪ Pepper – serpentine or punctate vascular channels (flow void) ▪ Expected in tumors greater than 2 cm
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Carotid Body Tumor
▪ Ultrasound
▪ Hypoechoic
▪ Extensive vascularity
▪ Low resistance waveform
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Pathology
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Carotid bifurcation before tumor removal.
Carotid body tumor (some branches ligated already)
ICA
ECA
CCA
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Tumor
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Carotid bifurcation after tumor removal
ECA
CCA
ICA
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MICROSCOPY
H&E, 4X
H&E, 10X
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MICROSCOPY
SYNP, 4X CHRM, 4X
S100, 4X
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DIAGNOSIS
▪ Left Carotid Body Tumor, Excision:
▪ Paraganglioma, completely excised
▪ Immunohistochemical studies ▪ POSITIVE - Chromogranin A, Synaptophysin, S100 (sustentacular cells)
▪ Negative - CK-AE1/AE3