Download - Racical Days of the French Revloution
The French Revolution and Napoleon
(1789-1815)
Radical Days
WEX IIChapter 2, Section 3
Radical Days
At the end of this section, I will be able to answer the following questions:
Why did the revolution become more radical? What was the Reign of Terror? How did the French Revolution change daily life? Vocabulary suffrage, nationalism
Radical Days
France’s battles with other countries wasn’t bringing the victories they had hoped for– Well trained Prussian soldiers were cutting
down new French recruits– Royalist officers deserted the French army and
joined the émigrés and other who wanted to return the king to power
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Violence breaks out in France Revolutionaries believe that the king was
siding with countries that were defeating France’s armies
On August 10th, 1792, a crowd invaded Tuileries and slaughtered kings guards
Royal family fled to the Legislative Assembly
Radical Days
What were the “September massacres”? Citizens attacked the prisons holding nobles
and priests accused of political offenses They killed the political prisoners and other
prisoners
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What's the National Convention? Radicals took control of the Assembly Elected a new legislative body called the
National Assembly Suffrage, right to vote, was extended to all
male citizens; not just land owners
Radical DaysThe National Convention meets in
September, 1792 and makes changes…– Abolish the monarchy – Declare France a republic– onarchyDeputies drew up a new constitution (2nd)
– Jacobins wanted to erase all traces of the old order Seized lands of the nobles Abolished titles of nobility All men & women were call “Citizen”.
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The Convention put Louis XVI and his wife on trail for being traitors– Both found guilty– Both were executed in January 1793– Both were beheaded in public display– Louis XVII died of unknown causes in a
dungeon
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What is the Committee of Public Safety? To deal with all the threats, the Convention
created the Committee of Public Safety 12 member committee had almost absolute
power trying to save the revolution It prepared France for all out war
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The Committee was effective Stimulated revolutionary fervor
– Young officers developed effective new tactics to win battles with ill-trained, but patriotic forces
– French armies overran the Netherlands– Then they marched into Italy
Monarchs shuttered as they carried “freedom fever” into the conquered lands
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Government battled counterrevolutionaries at home
Robespierre headed the Committee of Public Safety– Popular with the sans-culottes – incorruptible– France could become a “republic of virtue” only
through the use of terror– “Liberty cannot be secured unless criminals lose
their heads”
Radical Days Robespierre was the chief architect of
the Reign of Terror July 1793 – July 1794
– 40,000 people died– 15% nobles & clergy– 15% middle-class citizens– 70% peasants & sans-culottes– Dr. Joseph Guillotine was a member of the
legislature and invented the guillotine as more human than using an uncertain axe
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The “Reign of Terror” consumes it’s own They became wary of the bloodshed Feared that they could be next to visit the
guillotine The Convention turned on the Committee of
Public Safety– Beheaded the most radical &– Beheaded Robespierre
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France writes the new Constitution of 1795 Government becomes more moderate
– 3rd Constitution 5 man Directory 2 house legislature elected by male citizens
of property Corrupt and didn’t solve economic problems Ruled from1795 - 1799
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Women are active in the Revolution Demonstrated & fought in the streets Formed their own political clubs Jeanne Roland was a significant leader
– Writings– Salon – Influence through her husband who was a
government minister
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Women did get some rights Declaration of the Rights of Women
– Written by Olympe de Gouges– States women have same rights as men
Government made divorce easier Women could inherit property
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However, women’s rights were late reduced
In 1793, a committee of the National Convention declared that woman don’t have– “the moral & physical strength necessary to
practice political rights”– Women’s revolutionary clubs were banned– Gouges and other female moderates were sent
to the guillotine
Radical DaysDaily life changed in the 10 years following
the beginning of the revolution– Dislodged the old social order– The monarchy was overthrown– The church was brought under state control– Liberty caps & the tricolor – Practical clothes & hair cuts (instead of wigs) – Trends in children’s names
Constitution, Republic, August Tenth
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There’s a great increase in Nationalism “an aggressive feeling of pride in and
devotion to one’s country” By 1793, France was a nation in arms Troops in the port city of Marseilles marched
to a new song “La Marseillaise” This song became the national anthem
Radical Days “Come, children of the fatherland, The glorious day has arrived. Against us the bloody banner Of tyranny is raided To arms, citizens! Join the battalions Let up march, let us march!” La Marseillaise http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kTUygapkLas
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Revolutionaries push for social reforms Compulsory elementary education
– State schools replace the religious schools Organized systems to help the poor and
care for old soldiers and war widows Abolished slavery in the French West Indian
colonies Extended religious toleration
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The Convention tried to de-Christianize France
Created a secular calendar with 1793 as Year 1
Banned many religious festivals Huge public ceremonies boosted support for
republican & nationalist ideals
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Jacques Louis David leads a new movement towards classical art
These painting helped shape the way future generations pictured the French Revolution
Tennis Court oath http://www.myartprints.com/a/jacques-louis-david/the-tennis-court-oath-20t.html
Radical Days
I saw a sign in a restaurant that said, 'Breakfast served any time.'
I said, 'OK, I'll have French toast during the Renaissance."”
—Steven Wright
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The End
Radical Days
French revolution funny presentation http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=otnADq4Y0-A&feature=related