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GPSC CURRENT AFFAIRS ICE - Institute for Competitive Exam ICE - Institute for Competitive Exam GPSC CURRENT AFFAIRS
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GPSC CURRENT AFFAIRS ICE - Institute for Competitive Exam ICE - Institute for Competitive Exam GPSC CURRENT AFFAIRS
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GPSC CURRENT AFFAIRS ICE - Institute for Competitive Exam ICE - Institute for Competitive Exam GPSC CURRENT AFFAIRS
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Back to Basics : JT"DFG ¹xI
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GPSC CURRENT AFFAIRS ICE - Institute for Competitive Exam ICE - Institute for Competitive Exam GPSC CURRENT AFFAIRS
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PM-KUSUM
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a S[gã VG[ ZFßIM JrR[ ;\DlT V[ VF lJS[lgãT ;ÁZ pÔ" IMHGFGL ;O/TFGL RFJL K[P ßIF\ ;]WL S[gã4 ZFßI VG[ VgI TDFD lC:;[NFZM JrR[ VF ;\NE"DF\ ;J";\DlT G YFI tIF\ ;]WL EFZTDF\ pÔ" Ù[+G[ ,UTF SM.56 ;]WFZ6FG[ V;ZSFZS ZLT[ ,FU] SZL XSFTF GYLP
a 5Z\5ZFUT 0Lh, VYJF >,[lSŸ8=S ;\RFl,T 5d5YL l;\RF. DF8[ ;M,FZ 5\5 TZO HJFYL4 B[0]TMG[ —85S l;\RF.˜ H[JF VFW]lGS 5U,F\ V5GFJJF 56 ÝMt;FCG VF5J]\ Ô[.V[4 H[GFYL 5FSG]\ pt5FNG T[DH 5F6LGL ART YX[ VG[ JLH/L 56 ARX[P
a IMHGFGF V;ZSFZS VD,LSZ6 VG[ VF 5C[,DF\ lC:;[NFZMGL U\ELZ ;\0MJ6L ;]lGlüT SZJF VD,LSZ6GL êRL lS\DT VG[ jIF5S Ô/J6L 50SFZMG[ wIFGDF\ ZFBLG[ IMHGFGF A[\RDFS" lS\DTMG[ JW] VFSØ"S AGFJJL 50X[P
SMlJ0G[ SFZ6[ DFT'tJ D'tI]NZ JwIMo ,[g;[8 lZ5M8"
a ‘W ,[g;[8 u,MA, C[<Y HG",'DF\ ÝSFlXT YI[,F V[S VeIF; D]HA4 SMlJ0v19 ZMURF/FG[ 5CM\RL J/JF VFZMuI T\+GL lGQO/TF4 DFTF D'tI]NZ VG[ S;]JFJ0GF S[;MDF\ JWFZM YIM K[P
a A|Flh,4 D[lSŸ;SM4 I]V[;V[4 S[G[0F4 I]PS[P4 0[GDFS"4 G[WZ,[g04 >8F,L4 EFZT4 RLG VG[ G[5F/ ;lCTGF 17 N[XMDF\ SZJFDF\ VFJ[,F 40 VwIIGGF lJx,[Ø6GF VFWFZ[ VF VC[JF, T{IFZ SZJFDF\ VFjIM K[P
Back to Basics : J{l�S ¹xI
n D'tI] NZDF\ JWFZMo
a UE"5FTGF\ S[;MDF\ 28% JWFZM YIM K[ VG[ UEF"J:YF NZlDIFG VYJF AF/HgD NZlDIFG DFTF D'tI]G]\ Ô[BD ,UEU V[S T'TLIF\X JwI]\ K[P
a SMlJ0v19 ZMURF/FGF NB,G[ SFZ6[ A\G[ DFTF VG[ lXX]VMGF D'tI]GF S[;MDF\ JWFZM YIM K[P
a DFT' CTFXFDF\ 56 JWFZM YIM K[Pn UZLA N[XM ;ÁYL JW] V;ZU|:To
a UEF"J:YF 5Z SMlJ0v19 GL V;Z UZLA N[XMDF\ B}A Ô[JF D/[ K[P
n ;LDF\T H}YM ;ÁYL JW] V;ZU|:To
a SMlJ0v19GL V;Z ;ÁYL JW] CF\l;IFDF\ O[,FI[,F H}YMDF\ Ô[JF D/L CTLP
a G[5F/DF\4 CMl:58,GL l0l,JZLGL ;\bIFDF\ 38F0M ;ÁYL JW] Ô[JF D?IMP
a I]PS[P ZMURF/FGF ÝYD RZ6 NZlDIFG4 ,3]DTL J\XLI H}YMGL DlC,FVMGL ÝYD RZ6 NZlDIFG4 TDFD ;UEF" àLVMDF\ 88% D'tI] 5FDL CTLP
EFZTLI ¹xI
a JØ" 2019 GF ;DFG ;DIUF/FGL T],GFDF\ JØ" 2020DF\ V[lÝ,YL H}G JrR[GF ZFÚ=LI ,MS0FpG NZlDIFG GLR[GF TOFJTM Ô[JF D?IF CTFP
a RFZ VYJF JW] lÝG[8, R[SV5 ÝF%T SZTL ;UEF" àLVMDF\ 27% 38F0MP
a ;\:YFSLI l0l,JZLDF\ 28% 38F0MPa Ý;}lT 5C[,F\GL ;[JFVMDF\ 22% 38F0MP
SFZ6
n VFZMuI ;[JFVMGM VEFJo
a VFZMuI ;\EF/ Ý6F,LGL VIMuITF VG[ ZMURF/FG[ GFYJF DF8[ S0S ,MS0FpG 5U,FG[ ,LW[ VFZMuI ;\EF/ ;[JFVMGM J5ZFX VMKM YIM K[P
n ;FDFlHS 5lZJT"Go
a 3Z[,] lC\;F4 ZMHUFZ U]DFJJ]\4 VG[ AF/SMGL ;\EF/ ZFBJFGL JWFZFGL HJFANFZLVM ;lCT XF/FGF A\W YJFG[ SFZ6[ jIF5S ;FDFlHS 5lZJT"G DFTFGF VFZMuIGL AUF0G]\ SFZ6 AGL XS[ K[P
p5FI
n jI}CFtDS GLlTo
a GLlT 30J{IFVM VG[ VFZMuI;\EF/ G[TFVM äFZF TFtSFl,S J{l�S ;]ZÙF ;]lGlüT SZLG[ ;,FDT VG[ ÝlTlQ9T DFTFGL ;\EF/GL BFTZL SZJF DF8[ DHA}T jI}CZRGFVMG]\ lGZLÙ6 SZJ]\ Ô[.V[P
n ZMSF6 JWFZJFo
a lGdG ;\;FWGJF/F lJ:TFZMDF\ DFTF VG[ AF/ D'tI]NZ 38F0JFDF\ 36F NFISFVMYL Ô[JF D/TF ZMSF6MDF\ JWFZM SZJF DF8[ TFtSFl,S 5U,F\ ,[JFGL H~Z K[P
a Ý;}lT ;[JFVM Ù[+GF SD"RFZLVMG[ VgI SFIM"DF\ ZMHUFZL VF5JL GCÄP
GPSC CURRENT AFFAIRS ICE - Institute for Competitive Exam ICE - Institute for Competitive Exam GPSC CURRENT AFFAIRS
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a ZMURF/F NZlDIFG4 U\ELZ VG[ TALAL ;\EF/YL ;\A\lWT DFTFGL ;[JFYL ;\A\lWT SD"RFZLVMG[ VgI SFIM"DF\ ZMHUFZL VF5JL Ô[.V[ GCÄP
DFTF VG[ AF/ :JF:yIG[ ,UTL S[8,LS EFZTLI 5C[,
a ,1IF\S (LaQshya) SFI"ÊDPa ;,FDT DFT'tJ BFTZL (;]DGf 5C[,Pa Ý;}lT ;]ZÙF IMHGFa HGGL lXX] ;]ZÙF SFI"ÊD (JSSK).a ÝWFGD\+L DFT' J\NGF IMHGF (PMMVY).a lDXG >gãWG]ØPa 5MØ6 VlEIFGPa DFTF VG[ AF/ ;]ZÙF SF0"
AI-VFWFlZT 5M8",o SUPACE
a TFH[TZDF\ H RLO Hl:8; VMO .lg0IF (CJI) V[ S'l+D U]%TRZ (AI) VFWFlZT 5M8", —SUPACE˜ X~ SI]"\ K[4 H[GM C[T] SFINFSLI ;\XMWG DF8[ gIFIFWLXMGL ;CFI SZJFGM K[P
a SUPACE V[8,[ SM8" ;]©DTFDF\ ;CFI DF8[ ;]ÝLD SM8" 5M8",P
a VUFp4 ;]ÝLD SM8"GL >vSlD8L äFZF ;]5ZT SZJFDF\ VFJ[,L EFZTLI gIFIT\+DF\ DFlCTL VG[ ;\N[XFjIJCFZ 8[SGM,MÒ (ICT) GF VD,LSZ6 DF8[ ZFÚ=LI GLlT VG[ lÊIF IMHGFv2005GF VFWFZ[ >vSM8" ÝMH[SŸ8GL S<5GF SZJFDF\ VFJL CTLP
Back to Basics : 5lZRI
a VF ;FWG ;\A\lWT TyIM VG[ SFINFVM V[Sl+T SZ[ K[ VG[ T[DG[ gIFIFWLXM DF8[ p5,aW AGFJ[ K[P
a VF ;FWG lG6"I ,[JF DF8[ AGFJJFDF\ VFjI]\ GYL4 T[GF AN,[ T[ OÉT TyIM 5Z ÝlÊIF SZX[ VG[ gIFIFWLXMG[ ;CFI SZJF TyIM ÝNFG SZX[P
a X~VFTDF\ T[GM p5IMU AMdA[ VG[ lN<CL CF>SM8"GF gIFIFWLXM ÝFIMlUS WMZ6[ SZX[P
DCtJ
a VF S[;GL lJlXÚ H~lZIFT VG[ gIFIFWLXGL lJRFZJFGL ZLT ;FY[ ;];\UT 5lZ6FD ,FJX[P
a VFGFYL 36M ;DI ARX[4 H[ EFZTLI gIFI Ý6F,LDF\ 5[lg0\U S[;GL ;\bIF 38F0JFDF\ DNN SZX[P
a S'l+D U]%TRZTF (AI) gIFI ;]WL 5CM\RJFGF D}/E}T VlWSFZ DF8[ JW] ;]jIJl:YT4 BR"vV;ZSFZS VG[ ;DIvAFwI VY" ÝNFG SZX[P
a VF ;[JF lJTZ6 5âlTG[ 5FZNX"S VG[ BR" V;ZSFZS AGFJX[P
50SFZM
a —SUPACE˜GL ZH}VFT 5KL4 gIFI Ý6F,LDF\ S[8,LS lJlXÚ CMÛFGL H~Z ZC[X[ GCÄ VG[ ;DI HTF\ T[G[ GFA}N SZJFDF\ VFJX[P
a SFZ6 S[ T[G]\ ,1I ÝJ'l¿VM JW] V;ZSFZS VG[ jIJl:YT ZLT[ SZJF K[ H[ CF,DF\ DG]QI äFZF R,FJJFDF\ VFJL ZCL K[4 T[YL A[ZMHUFZL JWJFGL ;\EFJGF JW] JWX[P
>vSM8" ÝMH[SŸ8
n 5lZRIo
a .vSM8" ÝMH[SŸ8G[ >gOD["XG V[g0 SdI]lGS[XG 8[SŸGM,MÒ (ICT) äFZF EFZTLI gIFIT\+DF\ 5lZJT"G ,FJJFGF lJRFZ ;FY[ S<5GFS'T SZJFDF\ VFjI]\ CT]\P
a >vSM8" ÝMH[S8 V[ 5FGv.lg0IF ÝMH[SŸ8 K[4 H[G]\ lGZLÙ6 VG[ GF6F\4 gIFI lJEFU4 SFINF VG[ gIFI D\+F,I4 EFZT ;ZSFZ äFZF SZJFDF\ VFJ[ K[P
n ÝMH[SŸ8 pÛ[XMo
a >vSM8" ÝMH[SŸ8DF\ ;}lRT Ô[UJF.VM C[9/ V;ZSFZS VG[ ;DIDIF"NF 5}6" ZLT[ GFUlZS S[lgãT ;[JFVM ÝNFG SZJLP
a VNF,TDF\ lG6"I ;5M8" l;:8D lJS;FJL VG[ :YFl5T SZJLP
a gIFlIS ÝlÊIFG[ 5FZNX"S AGFJJF VG[ T[GL ;FY[ ;\S/FI[, l;:8DG[ :JRFl,T SZJF DF8[ DFlCTLG[ JW]
;Z/ AGFJJF DF8[Pa gIFI lJTZ6 jIJ:YFG[ ;],E4 BR"SFZS4 lJ�;GLI VG[
5FZNX"S AGFJJF gIFlIS ÝlÊIFDF\ H~ZL sU]6J¿FI]ÉT VG[ DF+FtDSf ;]WFZFVM SZJFP
ÝWFGD\+L :JlGlW IMHGFo BFGUL Ù[+GL A[\SMV[ 1.6% ,MG ÔC[Z SZL
a TFH[TZDF\ VFJF; VG[ XC[ZL AFATMGF D\+F,I[ ÔC[ZFT SZL S[ 29 DFR"4 2021 ;]WLDF\ 20 ,FBYL JW] :8=L8 J[g0;"G[ ÝWFGD\+L :JlGlW IMHGF sPM SVANidhi Scheme) C[9/ ,MG VF5JFDF\ VFJL K[P T[DF\YL 18 ,FB ,MG ÔC[Z Ù[+GL A[\SM äFZF VF5JFDF\ VFJL CTLP ALÒ AFH]4 BFGUL Ù[+GL A[\SMV[ OÉT 324534 ,MG VF5L K[P BFGUL Ù[+GL A[\SMV[ ÝWFGD\+L :JlGlW IMHGF C[9/ DF+ 1.6% ,MG VF5L K[P
Back to Basics : ÝWFGD\+L :JlGlW IMHGF
(PM SVANidhi Scheme)a ÝWFGD\+L :JlGlWGM VY" ÝWFGD\+L :8=L8 J[g0;"
VFtDlGE"Z O\0 K[P VF IMHGF H}G 2020 DF\ X~ SZJFDF\ VFJL CTLP VF IMHGFGM C[T] COVID-19 äFZF V;ZU|:T X[ZL lJÊ[TFVMG[ lWZF6 ;]lJWFVM VF5JFGM
GPSC CURRENT AFFAIRS ICE - Institute for Competitive Exam ICE - Institute for Competitive Exam GPSC CURRENT AFFAIRS
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K[P VF IMHGF VFJF; VG[ XC[ZL AFATMGF D\+F,I äFZF ,FU] SZJFDF\ VFJL K[P
a VF IMHGF C[9/4 lJÊ[TFVMG[ 104000 ~l5IFGL ÝFZ\lES D}0L VF5JFDF\ VFJ[ K[P ,MG ;]lJWFGM ,FE ,[GFZ lJÊ[TFG[ 7% jIFH ;Al;0L D/X[P
a ÝWFGD\+L :JlGlW IMHGFGM D]bI pÛ[X X[ZL lJÊ[TFVMG[ T[DGL VFÒlJSFGL ÝJ'l¿VM OZL X~ SZJFDF\ DNN SZJFGM CTM H[ DM8FEFU[ ,MS0FpG sCOVID-19 G[ SFZ6[fGF SFZ6[ V;ZU|:T YIF CTFP
ÝWFGD\+L :JlGlW IMHGFDF\ 8MRGF ÝNX"GSFZ
a ÔC[Z Ù[+GL A[\SMDF\4 :8[8 A[\S VMO >lg0IF VF IMHGF C[9/ 8MR 5Z K[ VG[ VF IMHGF C[9/ 8 ,FB ,MG ÝNFG SZL K[P SBI 5KL I]lGIG A[\S VMO >lg0IF VG[ A[\S VMO AZM0F CTFP
a BFGUL A[\SMDF\4 HdD] VG[ SFxDLZ l,lD8[0G]\ ;ÁYL DM8]\ IMUNFG CT]\P VF A[\S[ VF IMHGF C[9/ 94595 ,MGG]\ lJTZ6 SI]"\ CT]\P
a ZFßIM VG[ S[gãXFl;T ÝN[XMDF\4 p¿ZÝN[X[ VF IMHGF C[9/ DC¿D ,MGG]\ lJTZ6 SI]"\ K[P I]P5LP 5KL DwIÝN[X4 T[,\U6FG]\ :YFG CT]\P
a S], ,FEFYL"VMDF\YL O/ VG[ XFSEFÒ lJÊ[TFVMGM lC:;M 45% K[P OF:8 O}0 J[RGFZF O[lZIFVMGM lC:;M 21% K[P SF50 VG[ C[g0,}D J:T]VM J[RGFZF O[lZIFVMGM lC:;M 13% K[P
BFGUL Ù[+GL A[\SMGM D]ÛM
n BFGUL Ù[+GL A[\SM GLR[ D]HAGF\ SFZ6M;Z 5LV[D
:JlGlW IMHGF C[9/ ,MG VF5JFDF\ VRSFI K[o
a BFGUL Ù[+GL A[\SMG[ 0Z K[ S[ DOT lWZF6 GMGv5ZOMlD"\U V[;[8sNPA)DF\ O[ZJF. XS[ K[P
a ßIFZ[ BFT]\ BM,JFGL JFT VFJ[ K[4 tIFZ[ BFGUL Ù[+GL A[\SM :8=L8 J[g0;"GL 5C[,L 5;\NUL CMTL GYLP JUZ A[\S[ lWZF6 ÝlÊIF VF5D[/[ ÝEFlJT YFI K[P
V[SLS'T VFZMuI DFlCTL %,[8OMD"
a S[gãLI VFZMuI ÝWFG 0MPCØ" JW"G äFZF TFH[TZDF\ V[SLS'T VFZMuI DFlCTL %,[8OMD"GM ÝFZ\E SZJFDF\ VFjIM CTMP VFZMuI D\+F,IGF H6FjIF D]HA4 EFZT VF ÝSFZGL VnTG ;J[",g; l;:8D V5GFJGFZ ÝYD N[X K[P
Back to Basics : D]bI D]ÛFVM
a V[SLS'T ZMU ;J[",g; ÝMU|FD C[9/ ;\Sl,T VFZMuI DFlCTL %,[8OMD" R,FJJFDF\ VFJX[P
a V[SLS'T ZMU ;J[",g; ÝMU|FD VFZMuI VG[ 5lZJFZ S<IF6 D\+F,I C[9/ SFI"ZT K[P
a VF %,[8OMD"GM pÛ[X N[XDF\ ZMUGL N[BZ[BG[ DHA}T AGFJJFGM K[ ZMURF/M ZMU DF8[ lJS[lgãT ZFßI VFWFlZT ;J[",g; l;:8DGL :YF5GF SZLG[ VF CF\;, SZJFG]\ K[P
a VF %,[8OMD"GL D]bI ,FÙl6STFVM DMAF>, V[l%,S[XGGF p5IMU äFZF ZLV,v8F>D 0[8F lZ5Ml8"\U4 VFZMuI ;]lJWFVMGL E}v8[lU\U JU[Z[ K[P
a VF %,[8OMD"GM C[T] JW] ;FZL VFZMuI ;\EF/ 5}ZL 5F0JFGM VG[ U]%T :JF:yI 0[8F Ô/JJFGM K[P
a VF %,[8OMD" N[XGF H]NF H]NF lH<,FVMDF\ ZMUGF O[,FJF V\U[GL DFlCTL ZFBX[PVF DFlCTL VFXF JS"ZM VG[ ANM äFZF V[Sl+T SZJFDF\ VFJX[P
DFlCTL V[S9L SZJFGL ZLT
n VF %,[8OMD" DF8[GL DFlCTL GLR[GL ZLT[ V[Sl+T
SZJFDF\ VFJX[o
a NZ[S VFZMuI SFI"SZG[ S4 P VG[ L OMD" VF5JFDF\ VFJX[Pa VF ;J["DF\ ;FD[, Tl/IFGF SFDNFZMG[ S-OMD" VF5JFDF\
VFJX[ T[VM ZMUGF jIF5 lJX[ DFlCTL V[Sl+T SZJFDF\ DNN SZX[P
a 0MS8ZMG[ P-OMD" VF5JFDF\ VFJX[PVF OMD" äFZF4 0MS8ZM T[DGF lGNFGGL ;FY[ NNL"G]\ GFD4 ;ZGFD]\4 ;\5S" G\AZ V[Sl+T SZX[P
a ÝIMUXF/FGF SD"RFZLVMG[ L OMD" VF5JFDF\ VFJX[ VF OMD" äFZF T[VM 5[YM,MÒS, 5ZLÙFGL lJUTM V[Sl+T SZX[P
V[SLS'T ZMU ;J[",g; ÝMU|FD
a IDSPGL X~VFT 2004 DF\ SZJFDF\ VFJL CTLP ÝMU|FDG[ lJ� A[\S äFZF DNN D/[ K[P VF ÝMU|FDGM D]bI pÛ[X V[ ZMUGF ÝSM5G[ h05YL XMWL SF~JM VG[ T[GM ÝlT;FN VF5JFGM K[P
prR SFI"ÙDTF ;M,FZ 5LJL DM0–],M 5ZGM ZFÚ=LI SFI"ÊD
a S[gãLI ÝWFGD\0/[ TFH[TZDF\ —prR SFI"ÙDTF ;M,Z 5LJL DM0–],M 5Z G[XG, ÝMU|FD— GFDGL ÝM0SŸXG l,\SŸ0 ÝMt;FCG IMHGFG[ D\H}ZL VF5L K[P
Back to Basics : prR SFI"ÙDTF ;M,Z 5LJL DM0–],M
5ZGM ZFÚ=LI SFI"ÊD
a VF ÝMU|FDGM pÛ[X prR SFI"ÙDTF ;M,Z 5LJL DM0–],MDF\ ULUF JM8 :S[,DF\ pt5FNG ÙDTF ÝF%T SZJFGM K[P
a IMHGFGM S], BR" ~P4500 SZM0GM V\NFH K[Pa VF SFI"ÊDGM C[T] EFZTDF\ >lg8U|[8[0 ;M,Z 5LJL
D[gI]O[SŸRlZ\U I]lG8Ÿ;GL JWFZFGL 104000 D[UFJM8 ÙDTF ,FJJFGL K[P
GPSC CURRENT AFFAIRS ICE - Institute for Competitive Exam ICE - Institute for Competitive Exam GPSC CURRENT AFFAIRS
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a T[GFYL ;M,Z OM8M JM<8[>S D[gI]O[SŸRlZ\U ÝMH[É8Ÿ;DF\ ~P 174200 SZM0G]\ ;LW]\ ZMSF6 YX[P
a VF IMHGF X~ YIF 5KL 5F\R JØ"DF\ ~P 174500 SZM0GL ;5F8LV[ 5CM\RJFGL WFZ6F K[P
a T[ 1420400 GL 5ZMÙ ZMHUFZ VG[ 304000 GL ;LWL ZMHUFZ 56 5[NF SZX[P
a VF ;\XMWG VG[ lJSF;G[ ÝMt;FCG VF5X[ H[ ;ÁZ 5LJL DM0–],MDF\ prR SFI"ÙDTF ÝF%T SZX[P
IMHGF
a 5FZNX"S :5WF"tDS lAl0\U ÝlÊIF äFZF ;M,Z OM8M JM<8[>S pt5FNSMGL 5;\NUL SZJFDF\ VFJX[P VF IMHGF prR ÙDTFJF/F ;M,FZ OM8M JM<8[>S DM0–],MJF/F pt5FNSMG[ >GFD VF5X[P p5ZF\T4 T[DG[ :YFlGS AÔZMDF\YL T[DGL ;FDU|LG[ ;M;" SZJF DF8[ ÝMt;FCGM VF5JFDF\ VFJX[P
VF IMHGFG]\ DCtJ
a N[XDF\ ;ÁZ ÙDTFDF\ JWFZM VFIFT SZ[, ;M,Z OM8M JM<8[>S ;[<; VG[ DM0–],M 5Z DM8F ÝDF6DF\ K[P prR SFI"ÙDTF ;M,Z 5LJL DM0–],M 5ZGM ZFÚ=LI SFI"ÊD ;M,Z 5LJL SMØM VG[ DM0–],MGL VFIFT 5Z lGE"ZTF 38F0JFDF\ DNN SZX[P p5ZF\T4 T[ :JlGE"Z EFZTGL 5C[,G[ ;DY"G VF5X[P
PLI IMHGF
a PLI IMHGFGM D]bI pÛ[X EFZTDF\ pt5FNG J{l�S :TZ[ :5WF"tDS AGFJJFGM K[P VF IMHGF DM8F 5FI[ ZMHUFZGL TSM pEL SZX[ VG[ lGSF;DF\ GM\W5F+ JWFZM SZX[P
INS ;J["ÙS
a INS ;J["ÙS DMZ[lXI; ;FY[ CF.0=MU|FlOS ;J[" SZJF DMZ[lXI;DF\ VeIF; 5Z K[P T[ VeIF; NZlDIFG VnTG CF>0=MU|FlOS ;FWGM VG[ ÝYFVM lJX[ DMZ[lXI;GF SD"RFZLVMG[ TF,LD 56 VF5X[P
Back to Basics : CF>0=MU|FlOS ;J["
a INS ;J["ÙS[ 5M8" ,}>;GL D],FSFT ,LWL CTL VG[ 5M8" ,}>;YL N}Z 0L5 ;L V[lZIFGF CF>0=MU|FlOS ;J["GL X~VFT SZL CTLP
a CF>0=MU|FlOS ;J[" NlZIF> ,FÙl6STFVMG[ DF5JFDF\ DNN SZ[ K[ H[ NlZIF> 0=[lH\U4 NlZIF> G[lJU[XG4 VMOXMZ VM>, V[SŸ:%,MZ[XG VG[ l0=l,\U VG[ VgI ;\A\lWT ÝJ'l¿VMG[ V;Z SZ[ K[P
INS ;J["ÙS
a INS ;J["ÙS ;F.0 :S[G ;MGFZ4 0L5 ;L ;L Dl<8 ALD >SM ;Fpg0Z VG[ ;\5}6" :JRFl,T l0lH8, ;J[" VG[ ÝM;[l;\U l;:8D H[JF ;J["Ù6 ;FWGMYL ;ßH K[P
a T[ ;WG" G[J, SDFg0 C[9/ SFD SZ[ K[Pa VF ;J["Ù6 DF8[ INS ;J["IZ VUFp 20064 20114 2015
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GPSC CURRENT AFFAIRS ICE - Institute for Competitive Exam ICE - Institute for Competitive Exam GPSC CURRENT AFFAIRS
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3. ,[g;[8 lZ5M8"GF ;\NE"DF\ GLR[GF lGJ[NGM wIFGDF\ ,MP 1. —W ,[g;[8 u,MA, C[<Y HG",˜DF\ ÝSFlXT YI[,F V[S
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GPSC CURRENT AFFAIRS ICE - Institute for Competitive Exam ICE - Institute for Competitive Exam GPSC CURRENT AFFAIRS
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GPSC CURRENT AFFAIRS ICE - Institute for Competitive Exam ICE - Institute for Competitive Exam GPSC CURRENT AFFAIRS
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GPSC CURRENT AFFAIRS ICE - Institute for Competitive Exam ICE - Institute for Competitive Exam GPSC CURRENT AFFAIRS
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Back to Basics : AFA] HUÒJG ZFD lJX[n HgDoa HUÒJG ZFDGM HgD 5 V[lÝ, 1908 GF ZMH lACFZGF
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JBT E[NEFJGM ;FDGM SZJM 50–MPa T[ V:5'xI DFGJFDF\ VFJTF CTF4 H[GF SFZ6[ T[G[ V[S
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a JØ" 1925 DF\4 HUÒJG 5\l0T DNG DMCG DF,JLIFG[ D?IF\ VG[ T[DGF äFZF B}A ÝEFlJT YIFP 5FK/YL DF,JLIF ÒGF VFD\+6 5Z T[ AGFZ; lCgN] I]lGJl;"8L (BHU) UIFP
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a VFJF VgIFIGM lJZMW SZJF T[VMV[ VG];}lRT ÔlTG]\ ;\U9G SI]"\ CT]\P
a BHUDF\ SFI"SF/ 5}6" SIF" 5KL4 T[D6[ JØ" 1931 DF\ S,S¿F I]lGJl;"8LDF\YL ALPV[;P;LP l0U|L D[/JLP
a HUÒJG ZFD[ 36L JFZ ZlJNF; ;\D[,GG]\ VFIMHG SI]"\ CT]\ VG[ S,S¿FGF H]NF H]NF lJ:TFZMDF\ U]~ ZlJNF; HI\TLGL pHJ6L SZL CTLP
VFhFNL 5}J["G]\ IMUNFGa JØ" 1931 DF\4 T[ EFZTLI ZFÚ=LI SM\U|[; sSM\U|[; 5F8L"fGF
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a T[VM XMlØT JUM" DF8[ ;FDFlHS ;DFGTF VG[ ;DFG VlWSFZGF Ý:TFJS CTFP
a JØ" 1935 DF\4 T[D6[ lCgN] DCF;EFGF VlWJ[XGDF\ Ý:TFJ D}ÉIM S[ 5LJFGF 5F6LGF S]JFVM VG[ D\lNZMG[ V:5'xI ,MSM DF8[ B]<,F ZFBJF Ô[.V[P
a JØ" 1935 DF\4 AFA]Ò 56 ZF\RLDF\ C[DMg0 SlDXG ;DÙ CFHZ YIF VG[ Nl,TM DF8[ DT VF5JFGM VlWSFZ DF\uIMP
.lTCF; VG[ ;\:S'lT 7.a T[D6[ lA|l8X XF;G ;FD[ EFZT KM0M VF\NM,GDF\ EFU
,LWM CTM VG[ T[GFYL ;\A\lWT ZFHSLI ÝJ'l¿VM DF8[ 1940 GF NFISFDF\ A[ JFZ H[,DF\ HJ]\ 50–]\ CT]\P
VFhFNL 5KLG]\ IMUNFGa JØ" 1946 DF\ AFA] HUÒJG ZFD HJFCZ,F, GC[~GL
JRUF/FGL ;ZSFZDF\ ;ÁYL I]JF ÝWFG AgIFPa 1971 GF EFZTv5FS I]â NZlDIFG T[ EFZTGF ;\ZÙ6
ÝWFG CTF4 H[GF 5lZ6FD ~5[ AF\u,FN[XGL ZRGF Y. CTLP
a VFhFNL 5KL4 T[D6[ 1952 ;]WL DH}Z lJEFUG]\ ;\RF,G SI]"\P tIFZAFN T[D6[ GC[~ S[lAG[8DF\ ;\N[XFjIJCFZ lJEFUGF ÝWFG s1952–56)4 5lZJCG VG[ Z[,J[ ÝWFG s1956–62) VG[ 5lZJCG VG[ ;\N[XFjIJCFZ s1962–63) D\+L TZLS[ ;[JF VF5L CTLP
a T[D6[ 1967-70 GL JrR[ BFn VG[ S'lØ ÝWFG TZLS[ ;[JF VF5L CTL VG[ 1970 DF\ T[DG[ ;\ZÙ6 ÝWFG AGFJJFDF\ VFjIF CTFP
a Ô[S[ T[D6[ S8MS8L s1975–77) NZlDIFG TtSFl,G J0F ÝWFG >lgNZF UF\WLG[ ;DY"G VF%I]\ CT]\4 5Z\T] T[D6[ 1977 DF\ SM\U|[; KM0LG[ HGTF 5F8L" sGJL 5F8L"f DF\ Ô[0FIF CTFP AFNDF\ T[D6[ HGTF 5F8L"GL ;ZSFZDF\ EFZTGF GFIA J0F ÝWFG s1977-79) TZLS[ ;[JF VF5L CTLP
a JØ" 1936–1986 (40 JØ"f GF JØM"YL ;\;NDF\ T[DGL VlJZT ZH}VFT V[ V[S J<0" Z[SM0" K[P
a EFZTDF\ ;ÁYL ,F\AL ;[JF VF5TF S[lAG[8 ÝWFG s30 JØ"f TZLS[GM Z[SM0" 56 T[DGL 5F;[ K[P
n D'tI]oa 6 H],F. 1986 GF ZMH GJL lN<CLDF\ T[DG]\ VJ;FG YI]\Pa T[DGF :DXFGE}lDG[ ;DTF :Y/ GFD VF5JFDF\ VFjI]\
CT]\ VG[ T[DGL HgDHI\lT ;DZ; lNJ; s;DFGTF lNJ;f TZLS[ pHJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[P
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2. T[D6[ 1967-70GL JrR[ BFn VG[ S'lØ ÝWFG TZLS[ ;[JF VF5L CTL VG[ 1970 DF\ T[DG[ ;\ZÙ6 ÝWFG AGFJJFDF\ VFjIF CTFP
3. T[D6[ HGTF 5F8L"GL ;ZSFZDF\ EFZTGF GFIA J0F ÝWFG (1977-79) TZLS[ ;[JF VF5L CTLP
4. EFZTDF\ ;ÁYL ,F\AL ;[JF VF5TF S[lAG[8 ÝWFG s30 JØ"f TZLS[GM Z[SM0" 56 T[DGL 5F;[ K[P
p5Z VF5[,F lGJ[NGMDF\YL SIF\ lGJ[NGM IMuI K[? (A) OÉT 14 24 VG[ 3 (B) OÉT 24 34 VG[ 4 (C) OÉT 14 34 VG[ 4 (D) 14 24 34 VG[ 4
GPSC CURRENT AFFAIRS ICE - Institute for Competitive Exam ICE - Institute for Competitive Exam GPSC CURRENT AFFAIRS
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T[, VFIFT SZFZ
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GPSC CURRENT AFFAIRS ICE - Institute for Competitive Exam ICE - Institute for Competitive Exam GPSC CURRENT AFFAIRS
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Back to Basics : ,1I
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GPSC CURRENT AFFAIRS ICE - Institute for Competitive Exam ICE - Institute for Competitive Exam GPSC CURRENT AFFAIRS
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a PLGAGL :YF5GF JØ" 2000 DF\ SZJFDF\ VFJL CTLP T[G[ VFT\SJFNL ;\U9G ÔC[Z SZJFDF\ VFjI]\ K[ VG[ U[ZSFIN[;Z ÝJ'l¿VM slGJFZ6f VlWlGID4 1967 C[9/ ÝlTA\W D}ÉIM CTMP
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GPSC CURRENT AFFAIRS ICE - Institute for Competitive Exam ICE - Institute for Competitive Exam GPSC CURRENT AFFAIRS
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3. >Y[GM, V[SJFZ E/L ÔI TM T[G[ 5[8=M,YL V,U SZL XSFT]\ GYLP
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13. GLR[GF lGJ[NGM wIFGDF\ ,MP 1. NZ JØ["4 7V[lÝ,lJ�VFZMuIlNJ;TZLS[pHJJFDF\
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3. WHO ;¿FJFZ ZLT[ OÉT VF9 h]\A[XG[ DFS" SZ[ K[P lJ�VFZMuIlNJ;T[DF\YLV[SK[P
p5Z VF5[,F lGJ[NGMDF\YL SIF\ lGJ[NGM IMuI K[? (A) OÉT 14 VG[ 2 (B) OÉT 24 VG[ 3 (C) OÉT 14 VG[ 3 (D) 14 24 VG[ 3
14. GLR[GF lGJ[NGM wIFGDF\ ,MP 1. A[\S AM0" aI]ZMGL :YF5GF 2016 DF\ SZJFDF\ VFJL
CTLP 2. A[\S AM0" aI]ZM 5LPH[P GFIS ;lDlT äFZF E,FD6
SZJFDF\ VFJ[,L ÔC[Z Ù[+GL A[\SMDF\ ;]WFZFGL lNXFDF\ SFD SZ[ K[P
3. 5LPH[P GFIS ;lDlTGL :YF5GF EFZTLI lZhJ" A[\S[ 2014 DF\ SZL CTLP VF ;lDlTV[ A[\SMGF AM0"GF XF;GGL ;DLÙF SZL CTLP
p5Z VF5[,F lGJ[NGMDF\YL SIF\ lGJ[NGM IMuI K[? (A) OÉT 14 VG[ 2 (B) OÉT 24 VG[ 3 (C) OÉT 14 VG[ 3 (D) 14 24 VG[ 3
15. GLR[GF lGJ[NGM wIFGDF\ ,MP 1. NZ JØ[" 9 V[lÝ,G[ CRPF ;DU|EFZTDF\XÁI"lNJ;
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5FlS:TFG ;FD[ SrKGF Z6DF\ 34 5FlS:TFGL ;{lGSMGM ;OFIM SIM" CTMP
3. CRPFGF HJFGMV[ 1965 ;]WL EFZTv5FlS:TFG ;ZCNGL ;]ZÙF SZL CTL4 tIFZAFN AM0"Z l;SŸI]lZ8L OM;" AGFJJFDF\ VFJL CTLP
p5Z VF5[,F lGJ[NGMDF\YL SIF\ lGJ[NGM IMuI K[? (A) OÉT 14 VG[ 2 (B) OÉT 24 VG[ 3 (C) OÉT 14 VG[ 3 (D) 14 24 VG[ 3
16. SMGF äFZF UZLA N[XM DF8[ VFAMCJF 5lZJT"G %,[8OMD" X~ SZFI]\ K[?
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17. GLR[GF lGJ[NGM wIFGDF\ ,MP 1. S[gãLI VFZMuI VG[ S]8]\A S<IF6 ÝWFG[ TFH[TZDF\
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2. lA, V[g0 D[l,g0F U[8Ÿ; OFpg0[XG VG[ l5ZFD, OFpg0[XG äFZF 56 VGFDIo VFlNÔlT VFZMuI ;CIMU 5C[,G]\ ;DY"G SZJFDF\ VFJX[P
3. VEI A\U ;lDlTV[ —EFZTDF\ VFlNÔlT :JF:yI˜ 5Z V[S VC[JF, ZH} SIM" CTMP
p5Z VF5[,F lGJ[NGMDF\YL SIF\ lGJ[NGM IMuI K[? (A) OÉT 14 VG[ 2 (B) OÉT 24 VG[ 3 (C) OÉT 14 VG[ 3 (D) 14 24 VG[ 3
18. GLR[GF lGJ[NGM wIFGDF\ ,MP 1. VFlY"S ;J[" 2021 D]HA4 5X]WGGM OF/M 2014-15DF\
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p5Z VF5[,F lGJ[NGMDF\YL SIF\ lGJ[NGM IMuI K[? (A) OÉT 14 VG[ 2 (B) OÉT 24 VG[ 3 (C) OÉT 14 VG[ 3 (D) 14 24 VG[ 3
19. CKIC ÝMH[SŸ8GF ;\NE"DF\ GLR[GF lGJ[NGM wIFGDF\ ,MP 1. V[lXIG 0[J,5D[g8 A[\S[ TFH[TZDF\ TlD,GF0]DF\
CKIC (R[gG.vSgIFS]DFZL VÁnMlUS SMlZ0MZf DF8[484 lDl,IGG[ D\H}ZL VF5L K[P
2. VF ÝMH[SŸ8 CKIC V;ZJF/F lJ:TFZMDF\ 590 lS,MDL8ZGF ZFßIDFUM"G[ V5U|[0 SZX[P
3. CKIC >:8 SM:8 >SMGMlDS SMlZ0MZGM V[S EFU K[P p5Z VF5[,F lGJ[NGMDF\YL SIF\ lGJ[NGM IMuI K[? (A) OÉT 14 VG[ 2 (B) OÉT 24 VG[ 3 (C) OÉT 14 VG[ 3 (D) 14 24 VG[ 3
20. GLR[GF lGJ[NGM wIFGDF\ ,MP 1. .lg0IG ÝLlDIZ ,LUGL 14 DL VFJ'l¿ 9 V[lÝ,
2021 YL X~ Y. K[P 2. D]\A. .lg0Ig;[ ;ÁYL JW] 5 ÊM; IPL 8F>8,
ÒtIF K[P 3. IPLDF\ ;ÁYL JW] ZG5878 ZMI, R[,[gH;" A[\u,MZGF
lJZF8 SMC,LGF GFD 5Z K[P p5Z VF5[,F lGJ[NGMDF\YL SIF\ lGJ[NGM IMuI K[? (A) OÉT 14 VG[ 2 (B) OÉT 24 VG[ 3 (C) OÉT 14 VG[ 3 (D) 14 24 VG[ 3
1. SIF ZFßIV[ TFH[TZDF\ ÔC[ZFT SZL CTL S[ T[ T[GL ;ZSFZL CMl:58,DF\ NNL"VMG[ DOT ,MCL VF5X[ m v DCFZFQ8=
2. VFI]J["N 0MS8ZMG[ TFH[TZDF\ S[8,F 5|SFZGL ;H"ZL SZJFGL K}8 VF5JFDF\ VFJL CTL m v 58 5|SFZGL ;H"ZL3. ÔC[Z VFZMuI A\WFZ6GL S. IFNLGM lJQFI K[ m v ZFßIIFNLGM lJQFI4. TFH[TZDF\ U]HZFTGF D]bID\+L zL lJHIEF. ~5F6LV[ ZFßIGL 10 I]lGJl;"8L prR
X{1Fl6S ;\:YFVMG[ JLl0IM SMgOZg; äFZF SIF ;]5Z SMd%I]8Z V5"6 SIF" CTF m v 5ZD XFJS ;]5Z SMd%I]8Z s5ZD XFJS ;]5Z SMd%I]8ZG[ C-DAC äFZF ;\5}6" ZLT[ EFZTDF\ lJS;FJJFDF\ VFJ[,
K[P C-DAC : Centre for Development of Advanced Computingf5. DCFtDF UF\WLG[ SIF JQF"DF\ —8F.D 5;"G VMO W IZ˜ TZLS[ 5;\N SZJFDF\ VFjIF CTF m v JQF" 19306. EFZTDF\ 9DL ;:8[G[A, DFpg8[G 0[J,5D[g8 ;lD8 (SMDS)G]\ VFIMHG SIF\ YI]\ CT]\ m v NC[ZFN}G7. lOSSL .lg0IF :5M8"Ÿ; V[JM0"Ÿ; 2020 TFH[TZDF\ 5]~QF JU"DF\ SMG[ V[GFIT SZJFDF\
VFjIM CTM m v Z[;,Z AHZ\U 5]lGIF8. lOSSL .lg0IF :5M8"Ÿ; V[JM0"Ÿ; 2020 TFH[TZDF\ DlC,F JU"DF\ SMG[ V[GFIT SZJFDF\
VFjIM CTM m v X}8Z V[,FJ[lG, J,FlZJG9. TFH[TZDF\ EFZTGL 8MRGL 8[lG; B[,F0L V\lSTF Z{GFV[ S[8lZG UMUM"NHGL ;FY[ D/LG[
N]A.GL S. 0A<; R[ld5IGXL5 ÒTL CTL m v V, CA 8=MOL10. U]HZFTDF\ —OFIZ ;[O8L SM5 5M8",˜ SIFZ[ ,MgR YX[ m v 26 ÔgI]VFZLV[ sU]HZFTDF\ OFIZ ;[O8L lZgI}V, DF8[ GJL jIJ:YF U]HZFT .lg:88I}8 VMO l0hF:8Z
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11. TFH[TZDF\ EFZTLI N}TFJF;[ SCOGF ;eI N[XM DF8[ S. D}JL z[6L X~ SZL CTL m v Cinema SCOpe sSCO o XF\3F. SMVM5Z[XG VMU["GF.h[XGf12. OMa;" 2020GL TFH[TZGL IFNL D]HA EFZTGF GF6F5|WFG zL lGD",F l;TFZFDG[
lJ`JGL ;F{YL XlSTXF/L DlC,FVMDF\ S[8,FD]\ :YFG D[/jI]\ CT]\ m v 41D\]13. .vSM8"Ÿ; 5|MH[S8 G[XG, .vUJG"g; %,FG V\TU"T SIFZYL ,FU] SZJFDF\ VFJL ZCIM
K[ m v JQF" 200714. EFZT VG[ dIFGDFZ JrR[ TFH[TZDF\ S[8,FDL 0=U S\8=M, VM5Z[XGGL lä51FLI A[9S
D/L CTL m v 5F\RDL s:DUl,\U .G .lg0IF lZ5M8"4 2020 D]HA dIFGDFZYL 0=UGL D]bI C[ZFO[ZL lDhMZD
ZFßIDF\YL YFI K[Pf15. —lDXG .gã WG]QF˜ SIF JQF"DF\ ,MgR SZJFDF\ VFjI]\ CT]\ m v JQF" 201416. TFH[TZDF\ S. S\5GLV[ .,[lS8=S 0=F.JZ,[; ZMAM8[S;L ZH} SZL CTL m v V[D[hMGGL :8F8" V5 S\5GL zooxV[17. U]HZFTDF\ S. HuIFV[ VFW]lGS ZMAMl8S U[,[ZLG]\ lGDF"6 SZFX[ m v VDNFJFNGL ;FIg; l;8LDF\18. COVID-19 ;FD[GL EFZTGL 5|YD mRNA J[S;LG S. CTL m v HGCO19 J[S;LG sHGCO19 J[S;LG 5}6[ l:YT lHGMJF AFIMOFDF":I}l8S<; äFZF lJS;FJJFDF\ VFJL K[P
T[ EFZTGL 5|YD :JN[XL mRNA J[lS;G K[P HGCO19GM lJSF; I]V[;GL HDT AFIM8[S SM5M"Z[XG ;FY[ D/LG[ SZJFDF\ VFjIM K[Pf
19. EFZT SIF N[X ;FY[ D/LG[ —:JFlWGTF ;FZS˜ X~ SZX[ m v AF\u,FN[X20. XFCLG Ô[.g8 V[ZOM;" SJFIT TFH[TZDF\ SIF A[ N[XM JrR[ IMÔ. CTL m v RLG VG[ 5FlS:TFG21. N[lC\U 58SF. JgI5|F6L VEIFZ^I SIF ZFßIDF\ l:YT K[ m v VF;FD22. TFH[TZDF\ SIF ZFßIV[ DFT' ;CIMlUGL ;lDlTGL ZRGF SZJFGM VFN[X ÔZL SIM" CTM m
v DwI5|N[X sDFT' ;CIMlUGL ;lDlT V\TU"T NZ[S VF\U6JF0LVMDF\ 10 DFTFVMGM ;DFJ[X SZFX[Pf23. EFZT SIF N[X ;FY[ D/LG[ V[GÒ" 8F:S OM;"GL ZRGF SZX[ m v STFZ shFv.ZvV,vACZ V[ EFZT VG[ STFZ JrR[ ;\I]ST JFlQF"S SJFIT K[Pf24. ÔgI]VFZL 2021DF\ GJL lN<CL BFT[GL 5|Ô;¿FS lNJ;GL pHJ6LDF\ D]bI DC[DFG
TZLS[ SM6 CFHZ ZC[X[ m v lA|l8X J0F5|WFG AMlZ; ßCMg;G25. :D'lTJG WZTLS\5 D[DMlZI, VG[ dI]lhID 5|MHS8 SIF\ VFSFZ ,. ZCIM K[ m v E}HGF E]lHIF 0]\UZ 5Z26. TFH[TZDF\ Ô[CG ,[ S[ZLG]\ VJ;FG YI] CT]\4 T[VM X[GF DF8[ Ô6LTF CTF m v Ô;};L GJ,SYF DF8[27. TFH[TZDF\ V[dA|M; lNIFlDGLG]\ VJ;FG SMZMGFG[ SFZ6[ YI]\ CT]\4 T[VM SIF N[XGF
J0F5|WFG CTF m v .:JFlTGL28. TFH[TZDF\ VD[lZSFDF\ X[ZDG V[lg8v8=:8 V[S8 S. ÔIg8 S\5GL lJ~â NFB, SZJFDF\
VFjIM CTM m v O[;A]S sVF V[S8 ClZOF.DF\ V[SFlWSFZG[ 38F0JF DF8[GM K[P X[ZDG V[lg8v8=:8 V[S8
VD[lZSL VY"jIJ:YFDF\ :J:Y 5|lT:5WF"G[ 5|Mt;FCG VF5[ K[Pf29. V[lGuDF X]\ K[ m
v V[lGuDF V[ V[lgÊ%XG l0JF.; K[ sH[GM p5IMU HD"G GFhLVM äFZF ALÔ lJ`JI]â NZlDIFG U]%T ;\N[XFVMG[ V[gSM0 SZJF DF8[ SZJFDF\ VFjIM CTMP VF l0JF.; TFH[TZDF\ UMTFBMZMG[ AFl<8S ;D]ãDF\YL D/L VFjI]\ CT]\P VF DXLG VFY"Z X[ZlAI; äFZF XMWJFDF\ VFjI]\ CT]\Pf
30. ;FG .l;ãM D}JD[g8 (MSI)V[ SIF N[XDF\ ;ZD]BtIFZXFCL ;FD[GM lJZMW K[ m v SI]AF s;FG .l;ãMV[ CJFGFDF\ VFJ[, I]G[:SMGL J<0" C[lZ8[H ;F.8 K[Pf31. .lg0IF JS"%,[; .SJFl,8L .g0[S; TFH[TZDF\ SMGF äFZF ,MgR SZJFDF\ VFjIM CTM m v S[XJ;]ZL OFpg0[XG s.lg0IF JS"%,[; .SJFl,8L .g0[S; S[XJ;]ZL OFpg0[XG äFZF 5|F.0 ;S",4 :8MGJ[,
I]S[ VG[ FICCIGF ;CIMUYL ,MgR SZJFDF\ VFjIM CTMPf
32. U]HZFT CF.SM8"DF\ S[8,F Hl:8;GL DC[SD K[ m v 52 sU]HZFT CF.SM8"DF\ 52 Hl:8;GL DC[SD ;FD[ JT"DFGDF\ 30 Hl:8; SFI"ZT K[Pf33. TFH[TZDF\ SIF N[XGF ZFQ8=5lTV[ T[GF A\WFZ6DF\ VFAMCJF 5lZJT"G ;FD[GL ,0TG[
pD[ZJF DF8[ ,MSDTGL ÔC[ZFT SZL CTL m v ËF\;GF ZFQ8=5lT .D[gI]V, D[ÊMG34. .lg0IG SM:8UF0" VMO XMZ 5[8=M, J[;, ;]ÒT TFH[TZDF\ SIF\ SFI"ZT SZJFDF\ VFjI]\
CT]\ m v UMJF BFT[35. TFH[TZDF\ SIF EFZTLI V[ZM:5[; J[7FlGSG]\ SMlJ0-19GF SFZ6[ lGWG YI]\ CT]\ m v ZM»D GZl;\dCF sZM»D GZl;\dCF G[XG, V[ZM:5[; ,[AMZ[8ZLhGF l0Z[S8Z CTFPf36. lJg8Z :8MD" U[., TFH[TZDF\ SIF N[X 5Z +F8SI]\ CT]\ m v VD[lZSF37. TFH[TZDF\ S. ;\:YFG[ UM<0G 5LSMS 5IF"JZ6 jIJ:YF5G 5]Z:SFZ V[GFIT YIM CTM m v SAIL (Steel Authority of India Limited) s;[., K[<,F A[ JQF"YL VF 5]Z:SFZ ÒTL ZCI]\ K[P ONGCG[ U]6J¿F jIJ:YF5G DF8[
UM<0G 5LSMS 5IF"JZ6 jIJ:YF5G 5]Z:SFZ 2020 V[GFIT YIMPf38. TFH[TZDF\ U]HZFTGL S. —VF{nMlUS lJZF;T˜ V[JL Z[,J[ ,F.GG[ VFlY"S T\ULG[ SFZ6[
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41. JQF" 2030DF\ V[lXIG U[d;G]\ VFIMHG SM6 SZX[ m v STFZ42. UM<0G 5LSMS V[gJFIG"D[g8 D[G[HD[g8 V[JM0" SMGF äFZF VF5JFDF\ VFJ[ K[ m v J<0" V[gJFIG"D[g8 OFpg0[XG (WEF) sWEF äFZF VF V[JM0"GL X~VFT JQF" 1998YL SZJFDF\ VFJL CTLPf
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