CASE PRESENTATIONIN PEDIATRICS
R. Francisco – J. GarimbaoDr. Balderas
PATIENT HISTORY Identifying data
EMA, an 8-year old, Filipino, Roman Catholic female, from Parang, Marikina
Chief Complaint Fever of 13 days Abdominal pain of 2 days
History of Present Illness– 13 days prior to admission Intermittent low grade fever (undocumented) temporarily relieved by Paracetamol No other symptoms were noted– 10 days prior to admission still with fever productive cough swelling of the face no decrease in activity
6 days prior to admission Red discoloration of urine2 days prior to admission Facial edema disappeared Still with fever, cough, and reddish urine Intermittent peri-umbilical painFew hours prior to admission Peri-umbilical pain worsened as well as
her fever
Past Health Prenatal
Mother is eclampticBirth Born full-term Via normal spontaneous delivery,
phyician assisted at Amang Rodriguez Hospital BW= 4lbs BL and APGAR=unknown
Neonatal History Had pneumonia during 2nd week of life
Immunization History Complete vaccination obtained from the
health center
Feeding History solely breastfed for 1 month introduced to formula at 2 months ( Bona
with 1:1 dilution ratio, Bonakid from six months to 1 year and was then shifted to bear brand)
introduced to solid food at 6 months no allergies to food
Developmental History Unremarkable
Past Illnesses/Hospitlizations No major illness/hospitalization/surgery/
history of allergic reactions prior to the current admission apart from pneumonia during 1st week of life as stated above.
Family History Her grandmother in the paternal side had
aplastic anemia
Social and Environmental History The patient lives in a 1-story house with 1
toilet along with 5 other occupants Water for both drinking and household
purposes are from the faucet.
PHYSICAL EXAMINATION
General Survey Patient is awake, alert, and ambulatory but uncooperative and is not in any cardio-respiratory distress
Vital Signs PR: BP: RR: Temperature:
Anthropometrics: Length: 64in (162.56cm) Weight: 49kg (108.03lbs) BMI: 18.5
Skin pink-pinkish red maculopapular
rash distributed on all his extremities red scar-like lesions on the back warm to touch with normal turgor,
nails pink with no signs of infection, pallor, cyanosis or clubbing
HEENTHead The skull was symmetric, atraumatic with well
distributed black hair no hair loss/infestations. Scalp without any
masses, lesions, signs of trauma and pigmentations.
No facial asymmetry was noted. Face have scars on the nasolabial line with red
non pruritic patches on the cheeks (~0.5-3cm in diameter)
Eyes Eyes are symmetrical, with no
exopthalmos/enophthalmos or edema anicteric sclera and pink conjunctivae both pupils constricting on direct and
indirect pupillary reflex test. VA: OS= J2, OD=J1. Fundoscopy: (+) ROR
Ears Auricles are aligned no gross deformities, lesions,
swelling or masses or discharge
Nose No gross deformities, swelling,
bleeding, lesions, erosions, masses, infections.
Nasal septum at the midline
Mouth Pink, moist lips with no deformities with pustules (~1-2mm) on the
buccal mucosa uvula and tongue at the midline with no tonsillar
redness/enlargement
Neck Trachea midline thyroid is non palpable as well as
lymph nodes
Thorax and Lungs: Chest symmetrical with equal expansion and excursion
and without gross abnormalities or respiratory lag. No intercostal retractions, no use of accessory
respiratory muscles. No lesions, masses on anterior chest but with scars on
the back no tenderness noted equal tactile fremitus. Vesicular breath sounds with no adventitious sounds on
auscultation
Cardiovascular: Adynamic precordium with no
deformities/palpable thrills or bruits. Distinct S1 and S2 heard loudest at the
4th-5th ICS left parasternal border with regular rate and rhythm.
No murmurs or adventitious heart sounds noted
Abdomen It was flat and symmetrical with no
lesions/deformities/discolorations. Normoactive bowel sounds with no
bruits over all quadrants. Quadrants were non-tender and
tympanitic.
Musculoskeletal: There were no gross deformities of
joints and extremities Normal tone and a muscle grade of 5/5
on all muscle groups with full range of motion and no crepitations.
No tenderness on joints and extremities.
MSE the patient is awake, alert, and
cooperative
Cranial Nerves Unremarkable
Reflexes Deep tendon reflexes on biceps,
triceps, knee and ankle have a grade of +2, (-) Babinski reflex
Sensory: pain perception is intact for all extremities
Cerebellar: no babinski; intact
PRIMARY IMPRESSION: ACUTE POSTSTREPTOCOCCAL GLOMERULONEPHRITIS
DifferentialsHenoch-Schonlein Purpura Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis (MPGN)
HENOCH-SCHONLEIN PURPURA
Rule in -Renal involvement -Gross Hematuria -Asian prevalence -Occurs mainly in
young children.
Rule out -Typical
anaphylactoid purpura ex: Henoch-Schonlein Purpura.
-Arthritis and/or arthralgia
-No fever -Boys
URINARY TRACT INFECTION (UTI) Rule in -Hematuria -Fever -Female gender
Rule out -No edema -No increased blood
pressure.
SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS (SLE)
Rule in -Increased blood
pressure -Edema -Dark urine -Fever -Female gender -Asian
Rule out -Butterfly skin rash -Arthritis -Most commonly 20-
45 years of age (onset.)
MEMBRANOPROLIFERATIVE GLOMERULONEPHRITIS (MPGN)
Rule in -Blood pressure and
GFR affected. -(Some) Acute
nephritis and hematuria.
-Edema
Rule out -Young adults. -Urinary
abnormalities persist past time of expected resolution for acute poststrep. Glomerulonephritis.
ACUTE POSTSTREPTOCOCCAL GLOMERULONEPHRITIS
Acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis was considered as the primary diagnosis due to: patient develops an acute nephritic
syndrome 1–2 wks after a possible streptococcal pharyngitis ( fever and cough)
Hematuria facial edema
PLAN Diagnostics
CBCASO titerRenal Function Tests
BUN Creatinine Urinalysis
Treatment Treatment is supportive and focuses on
control of hypertension and edema if present.
A loop diuretic (furosemide) should be given in order to remove excess fluid which reduced edema and also helps to correct hypertension.
Antibiotics for streptococcal infection such as penicillin should be given within the first 36 hours from the onset of symptoms