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QUANTIFYING MACROALGAE, SUBMERGED AQUATIC VEGETATION, AND FLOW IN FOUR FLORIDA SPRING-FED RIVERSLAURA BEDINGER1, DANIELLE ROGERS2, BARRY VANCE1 AND JORDAN MILLER2
1WATER & AIR RESEARCH, GAINESVILLE, FL, USA
2SWFWMD, BROOKSVILLE, FL USA
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SUBMERGED AQUATIC VEGETATION (SAV)
• vascular plants and a moss• macrophytic algae (both filamentous and complex)
• Limiting Factors:• light • salinity• water velocity
• substrate type• nutrients (N and P)• biotic interactions
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• Water & Air Research, Inc. sampled SAV and abiotic factors for SWFWMD
• Spring-fed rivers- all 1st
magnitude
• Homosassa, Chassahowitzka, and Weeki Wachee all flow into the Gulf of Mexico
• Rainbow flows into the Withlacoochee
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Chassahowitzka – 25 transects
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Homosassa – 26 transects
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Rainbow River – 28 transects
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Weeki Wachee – 21 transects
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• established transects w/ sub-meter GPS
• 5 stations per transect• 0.5 x 0.5 m quadrats*
• cover• biomass• substrate type• tree canopy cover
• photo & video• GPS-paired full motion
• water velocity (Hach FH950)• water quality• Survey 123 for ArcGIS
Methods
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Biomass by Taxon, All RiversNon-metric MDS on Station Data
Transform: Square rootResemblance: S17 Bray-Curtis similarity (+d)
RiverChassahowitzkaHomosassaRainbowWeeki Wachee
2D Stress: 0.17
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ANOSIM RESULTS (PRIMER 7)
Comparison R Statistic p-valueChassahowitzka, Homosassa 0.173 0.0001Chassahowitzka, Rainbow 0.335 0.0001Chassahowitzka, Weeki Wachee 0.074 0.0001Homosassa, Rainbow 0.586 0.0001Homosassa, Weeki Wachee 0.203 0.0001Rainbow, Weeki Wachee 0.339 0.0001
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00.
25 0.5
0.75 1
1.5 2
2.5 3
3.5 4
4.5 5
5.2 5 5.
5 66.
5 77.
25 7.5 8
8.5 9
9.5 10
Transect
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
Wat
er V
eloc
ity (m
/s)
WATER VELOCITY RESULTS
0.5
0.75 1
1.25 1.
5 22.
5 33.
153.
253 .
35 3.5 4
4.5 5
5 .5 6
6.5 7
7.5 8
8.5 9
9.5 10
10.5
Transect
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
Wat
er V
eloc
ity (m
/s)
HomosassaChassahowitzka
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28
Transect
-0.1
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
Wat
er V
eloc
ity (m
/s)
WATER VELOCITY RESULTS
Rainbow River
0.5 1
1.5 2
2.5 3
3.5 4
4.5 5
5 .2 5 5.
5 6
6.5 7
7.5 8
8.5 9
9.5 10
Transect
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
Wat
er V
eloc
ity (m
/s)
Weeki Wachee
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SAV FINDINGS (SUMMER 2019)• vascular plants: 13 taxa• moss: Fontinalis spp.• complex macrophytic green algae: Chara spp. (stonewort)• filamentous green algae• filamentous cyanobacteria• red seaweeds: Gracilaria, Compsopogon, Caloglossa
C. Harding, Water & AirC. Harding, Water & AirMarine Algae of Hawaii
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VASCULAR SAV TAXA (SUMMER 2019)
Cabomba caroliniana Najas guadalupensis
Ceratophyllum demersum Potamogeton pusillusHydrilla verticillata Sagittaria kurzianaLudwigia repens Stuckenia pectinataMyriophyllum heterophyllum Utricularia sp.Myriophyllum spicatum Vallisneria americana
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Chassahowitzka
total dry weight
upstream to downstream
August 2019
00.
25 0.5
0.75 1
1.5 2
2.5 3
3.5 4
4.5 5
5.25 5.
5 66.
5 77.
25 7.5 8
8.5 9
9.5 10
Transect
-100
0
100
200
300
400
Tota
l DW
(g/m
2)
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Chassahowitzka
vascular plants & moss
upstream to downstream
August 2019
00.
25 0.5
0.75 1
1.5 2
2.5 3
3.5 4
4.5 5
5.25 5.
5 66.
5 77.
25 7.5 8
8.5 9
9.5 10
Transect
-100
0
100
200
300
400
Tota
l Pla
nt D
W (g
/m2)
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Chassahowitzka
filamentous algae
upstream to downstream
August 2019
00.
25 0.5
0.75 1
1.5 2
2.5 3
3.5 4
4.5 5
5.25 5.
5 66.
5 77.
25 7.5 8
8.5 9
9.5 10
Transect
-50
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
filam
ento
us a
lgae
DW
(g/m
2)
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Chassahowitzka
SWFWMD
upstream to downstream in study area
monthly data
2018 - 2020
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Chassahowitzka
• most diverse• some marine influence• moderate level of vegetation• most vegetation in upper third of study
area
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Homosassa
total dry weight
upstream to downstream
August 2019
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Homosassa
vascular plants & moss
upstream to downstream
August 2019
0.5
0.75 1
1.25 1.
5 22.
5 33.
153.
253.
35 3.5 4
4.5 5
5.5 6
6.5 7
7.5 8
8.5 9
9.5 10
10.5
Transect
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Tota
l Pla
nt D
W (g
/m2)
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Homosassa
filamentous algae
upstream to downstream
August 2019
0.5
0.75 1
1.25 1.
5 22.
5 33.
153.
253.
35 3.5 4
4.5 5
5.5 6
6.5 7
7.5 8
8.5 9
9.5 10
10.5
Transect
-20
0
20
40
60
80
100
filam
ento
us a
lgae
DW
(g/m
2)
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Homosassa
SWFWMD
upstream to downstream in study area
monthly data
2018 - 2020
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0.5
0.75 1
1.25 1.
5 22.
5 33.
153.
253.
35 3.5 4
4.5 5
5.5 6
6.5 7
7.5 8
8.5 9
9.5 10
10.5
Transect
-0.2
-0.1
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0H
ydril
la v
ertic
illat
a D
W (g
/m2)
• least vegetated• 3rd in taxa richness• upstream third has the most biomass• marine influence
Homosassa
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00.
25 0.5
0.75 1
1.5 2
2.5 3
3.5 4
4.5 5
5.25 5.
5 66.
5 77.
25 7.5 8
8.5 9
9.5 10
Transect
-4
-2
0
2
4
6
Gra
cila
ria s
p. D
W (g
/m2)
Homosassa
Gracilaria sp.
occurred mid-way of study area
same pattern in the Chassahowitzka
2.5 pptHoyer et al. 2004
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Rainbow River
total dry weight
upstream to downstream
August & September 2019
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 1 4 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28
Transect
-500
0
500
1000
1500
2000
Tota
l DW
(g/m
2)
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Rainbow River
vascular plant and moss
upstream to downstream
August & September 2019
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28
Transect
-500
0
500
1000
1500
2000
Tota
l Pla
nt D
W (g
/m2)
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Rainbow River
filamentous algae
upstream to downstream
August & September 2019
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28
Transect
-100
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
1100
1200
1300
1400
1500
1600
1700
1800
1900
2000
filam
ento
us a
lgae
DW
(g/m
2)
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Rainbow River
SWFWMD
upstream to downstream in study area
monthly data
2018 - 2020
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Rainbow River
• Sagittaria kurziana drives differences
• shows opposite pattern to other rivers with more filamentous algae downstream than upstream
• more consistently vegetated
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 0 1 1 1 2 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28
Transect
-500
0
500
1000
1500
Sagitta
ria kur
ziana
DW (g/
m2)
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Weeki Wachee River
total dry weight
upstream to downstream
September 2019
0.5 1
1.5 2
2.5 3
3.5 4
4.5 5
5.25 5.
5 6
6.5 7
7.5 8
8.5 9
9.5 10
Transect
-200
0
200
400
600
800
1000
Tota
l DW
(g/m
2)
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Weeki Wachee River
vascular plants and moss
upstream to downstream
September 2019
0.5 1
1.5 2
2.5 3
3.5 4
4.5 5
5.25 5.
5 6
6.5 7
7.5 8
8.5 9
9.5 10
Transect
-200
0
200
400
600
800
1000
Tota
l Pla
nt D
W (g
/m2)
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Weeki Wachee River
filamentous algae
upstream to downstream
September 2019
0.5 1
1.5 2
2.5 3
3.5 4
4.5 5
5.25 5.
5 6
6.5 7
7.5 8
8.5 9
9.5 10
Transect
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
filam
ento
us a
lgae
DW
(g/m
2)
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Weeki Wachee River
SWFWMD
upstream to downstream in study area
monthly data
2018 - 2020
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0.5 1
1.5 2
2.5 3
3.5 4
4.5 5
5.25 5.
5 6
6.5 7
7.5 8
8.5 9
9.5 10
Transect
-200
0
200
400
600
800
1000Va
llisn
eria
am
eric
ana
DW
(g/m
2)
Weeki Wachee
• Vallisneria americanadominant in upper portion
• lowest taxa richness
• most vegetation in upper third
• no red algae
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Weeki Wachee
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AUDIENCE, THANK YOU!THANKS TO COLLEAGUES IN THE BIOLOGY GROUP AT WATER & AIR