Q1
M1
(a)(i)A=(cell)membrane1
B=cytoplasm
donotacceptcytoplast1
(ii)Tocontroltheactivitiesofthecell
1
(b)
extralinescancel3
Q2
Thediagrambelowshowsthepartsofthebodythatdigestandabsorbfood.
Italsoshowssomedetailsaboutthestructureofthestomach.
(2)
(b)(i)Thebloodgoingtothestomachhasahighconcentrationofoxygen.Thecellsliningthestomachhavealowconcentrationofoxygen.
Completethefollowingsentence.
Oxygenmovesfromthebloodtothecellsliningthestomachby
theprocessof......................................................................(1)
(a)Completethetabletoshowwhethereachstructureisanorgan,anorgansystemoratissue.
Foreachstructure,tick( )onebox.
Structure
Organ Organ system
Tissue
Mouth, oesophagus, stomach, liver,
M2
all 3 correct = 2 marks
2 correct = 1 mark
1 or 0 correct = 0 marks
2
(b)(i)diffusionallowphoneticspelling
1
(a)
Organ Organ sys‐
tem Tissue
Mouth, oesophagus, stomach, liver, pancreas,
Organ Organ sys‐
tem Tissue
Mouth, oesophagus, stomach, liver, pancreas,
(a)
Q2b
(1)
(Total 5 marks)
Q3
Thediagrambelowshowsacross‐sectionofaplantroot.Thetransporttissuesarelabelled.
(a)(i)WhatistissueA?
Drawaringaroundthecorrectanswer.
cuticleepidermisxylem(1)
(ii)NametwosubstancestransportedbytissueA.
1.............................................................................................................
2.............................................................................................................
(iii)Inwhichpartofacelldoesaerobicrespirationtakeplace?
(ii)Whatothersubstancemustmovefromthebloodtothecellsliningthestomachsothatrespirationcantakeplace?
Drawaringaroundthecorrectanswer.
protein starch
mitochondria nucleus mitochondria nucleus
(iii)Inwhichpartofacelldoesaerobicrespirationtakeplace?
(ii)Whatothersubstancemustmovefromthebloodtothecellsliningthestomachsothatrespirationcantakeplace?
Drawaringaroundthecorrectanswer.
protein starch
Q2b (ii)glucose
1
(iii)mitochondria
1
[5]
M3
(a)(i)xylem1
(ii)water
1
minerals/ions/namedexample(s)
ignorenutrients1
Q3b
(b)Phloemisinvolvedinaprocesscalledtranslocation.
(i)Whatistranslocation?
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................(1)
(ii)Explainwhytranslocationisimportanttoplants.
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................(2)
(1)
(ii)Explainwhyactivetransportisnecessaryinroothaircells.
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
(c)Plantsmustuseactivetransporttomovesomesubstancesfromthesoilintoroothaircells.
(i)Activetransportneedsenergy.
Whichpartofthecellreleasesmostofthisenergy?
Tick( )onebox.
(c)Plantsmustuseactivetransporttomovesomesubstancesfromthesoilintoroothaircells.
(i)Activetransportneedsenergy.
Whichpartofthecellreleasesmostofthisenergy?
Tick( )onebox.
M3b and c (b)(i)movementof(dissolved)sugar
allowadditionalsubstances,egaminoacids/correctnamedsugar(allowsu-crose/glucose)allownutrients/substances/foodmoleculesifsuf icientlyquali iedignorefoodalone
1
(ii)sugarsaremadeintheleaves
1
sotheyneedtobemovedtootherpartsoftheplantforrespiration/growth/storage
1
(c)(i)mitochondria
1
(ii)formovementofminerals/ions
Donotaccept‘water’1
againsttheirconcentrationgradient
1
[9]
Q4
The igurebelowshowsascaledrawingofonetypeofcellinblood.
(a)Usethescaletodeterminethewidthofthecell.
Giveyouranswertothenearestmicrometre.
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
Widthofcell=..................................micrometres(1)
(3)
(c)Plateletsarefragmentsofcells.
Plateletshelpthebloodtoclot.
Suggestwhatmighthappeniftheblooddidnotclot.
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................(1)
(Total5marks)
(b)Completethetablebelow.
Func on
Carries oxygen around the body
Protects the body against infec on
Func on
Carries oxygen around the body
Protects the body against infec on
(b)Completethetablebelow.
M4
(a)8(micrometres)1
(b)redbloodcell(s)1
whitebloodcell(s)acceptnamedcellegphagocyte/lymphocyte
1
(plasma)transportsproteins/dissolvedsubstances/food(molecules)/urea/hormones/bloodcells
1
(c)anyonefrom:
•youcouldlosealotofblood•bleedinternally
allowbleedingwouldnotstopallowcouldbleedtodeath
1
[5]
Q5a
Amylaseisanenzymethatdigestsstarch.
AstudentinvestigatedtheeffectofpHontheactivityofamylase.
Thisisthemethodused.
1.Mixamylasesolutionandstarchsuspensioninaboilingtube.
2.Puttheboilingtubeintoawaterbathat25°C.
3.Removeadropofthemixtureevery30secondsandtestitforthepresenceofstarch.
4.RepeattheinvestigationatdifferentpHvalues.
Thetablebelowshowsthestudents’results.
(a) The student concluded pH 7.25 was the op mum pH for the amylase enzyme.
This is not a valid conclusion.
Suggest two reasons why.
1 .....................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
2 .....................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
(2)
Time when no starch was detected in minutes
7.0
4.5
3.0
2.0
1.5
1.5
2.0
Time when no starch was detected in minutes
7.0
4.5
3.0
2.0
1.5
1.5
2.0
M5a
(a)anytwofrom:
•sameresultatpH7and7.5orcouldbeanypHbetween7and7.5ornottestedatpH7.25orneedtotestatsmallerpHintervals(between7and7.5)•accuracyofresultonlytonearest0.5minutes•norepeats•dif iculttodetermineendpoint(colour)
2
Q5bandc
(b)Thestudentdidanotherinvestigation.Thisisthemethodused.
1.Putamylasesolutionandstarchsuspensionintoaboilingtube.
2.MakethepH7.25.
3.Puttheboilingtubeintoawaterbathat25°C.
4.Measuretheamountofsugarproducedevery30seconds.
Theresultsareshowninthe igurebelow.
Calculatethemeanrateofsugarproducedperminuteduringthe irst5minutes.
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
Meanrate=...............................unitsperminute(2)
(c)Iodinesolutionisaddedtoasampletakenfromtheboilingtubeafter10minutesand60minutes.
Suggestwhatyouwouldseeinthesesamples.
After10minutes.............................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
.After60minutes............................................................................................
........................................................................................................................(2)
(d)Thescientistrepeatedtheinvestigationat37°C.
Drawalineonthe igureabovetoshowthepredictedresults.(2)
(Total8marks)
Q5bandc
(b)Thestudentdidanotherinvestigation.Thisisthemethodused.
1.Putamylasesolutionandstarchsuspensionintoaboilingtube.
2.MakethepH7.25.
3.Puttheboilingtubeintoawaterbathat25°C.
4.Measuretheamountofsugarproducedevery30seconds.
Theresultsareshowninthe igurebelow.
Calculatethemeanrateofsugarproducedperminuteduringthe irst5minutes.
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
Meanrate=...............................unitsperminute(2)
(c)Iodinesolutionisaddedtoasampletakenfromtheboilingtubeafter10minutesand60minutes.
Suggestwhatyouwouldseeinthesesamples.
After10minutes.............................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
.After60minutes............................................................................................
........................................................................................................................(2)
(d)Thescientistrepeatedtheinvestigationat37°C.
Drawalineonthe igureabovetoshowthepredictedresults.(2)
(Total8marks)
M5bandc
(b)2.7/51
0.54(unitsperminute)allow0.52withnoworkingshownfor2marks
1
allow1markfor0.52or0.56
(c)(after10minutes)solutiongoesblack1
(after60minutes)solutionstaysthesameordoesnotgoblackorgoesslightlyorange
1
(d)steepercurve1
levelsoffat11.8unitsandbefore45minutes1
[8]
Q6
Figure1showsadiagramofthehumanheart.
Figure1
(a)NamepartsAandB.
A....................................................................................................................
B....................................................................................................................(2)
(b)WhatisthefunctionofbloodvesselC?
Tickonebox.
To take blood from the heart around the body
To take blood from the body to the heart
To take blood from the heart to the lungs
To take blood from the lungs to the heart
(b)WhatisthefunctionofbloodvesselC?
Tickonebox.
To take blood from the heart around the body
To take blood from the body to the heart
To take blood from the heart to the lungs
To take blood from the lungs to the heart
M6 a and b
(a)(A)rightatrium1
(B)rightventricle1
(b)Totakebloodfromthelungstotheheart1
Q6
(c)Coronaryheartdisease(CHD)developswhenlayersoffattymaterialbuildupinthecoronaryartery.
OnetreatmentforCHDistoinsertastentintothecoronaryartery.
Figure2showsastentinacoronaryartery.
Figure2
Explainwhythestenthelpstopreventaheartattack.
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................(4)
M9(a) (i) bonds / pair of electrons / shared electrons
for one mark 1
(ii) saturated since it has single bonds / no double bonds / no multiple bonds / maximum number of atoms attached
for one mark 1
(iii) sensible answer (e.g. it is harmful) or better solvent could be used on expanded polystyrene or foam
for one mark 1
(b) (i) simply writing monomers form / react to form polymers gains no mark monomers join / bond / combine / link to form polymers = 1 mark the mark is for the idea of joining to gain the second mark the idea of the relative size of monomer and polymer is required small molecules join to form a polymer (2 marks) many monomers join to form a polymer (2 marks) monomers join to form a large molecule / long chain (2 marks) many molecules join together (2 marks)
for 1 mark each 2
(ii) polyethene / poly(ethene) / polythene
don’t worry too much about the exact positioning of the C6H5 at the end of the bond
placement of linking bonds inside / outside brackets is not important must have n
for 1 mark each [8]
Q6 d,e,f
Plot the missing bars for countries D and E on Figure 3.
Use data from the table above.
Figure 3
(2)
(e)PeopleincountryBaremorelikelytodiefromCHDthanpeopleincountryE.
HowmanymoretimesaslikelyarepeopletodiefromCHDincountryBthanincountryE?(1)
(f)Astudentconcluded:
‘ThefactorthatcausesCHDisnoteatingenoughfruitandvegetables.’
Evaluatethestudent’sconclusion.
UsedatafromFigure3,andyourownknowledge,inyouranswer.(6)
(Total16marks)
(d)Lookatthetablebelow.
Country
Number of deaths from CHD per 100 000 popula‐on per year
Amount of fruit and vege‐tables eaten in kg per person per year
A 285 180
B 250 320
C 198 250
D 151 220
E 125 244
M6d,e,f
(d)barDcorrectlyplotted1
barEcorrectlyplotted1
±0.5smallsquares
(e)twice/twotimes(morelikely)1
(f)Level3(5–6marks):Adetailedandcoherentevaluationisprovidedthatconsidersarangeofrelevantpointsabouthowwellthedatacorrelateswiththestatement,quotingrelevantcomparisonsandcomestoaconclusionconsistentwiththereasoning.
Level2(3–4marks):Anattempttorelaterelevantpointswithinthedataandcometoaconclusion.Thelogicmaybeinconsistentattimesbutbuildstowardsacoherentargument.
Level1(1–2marks):Discrete,relevantpointsmade,attemptingtoapplyunderstandingofthefactorsinvolvedindevelopmentofCHDtothedatainthetable.Thelogicmaybeunclearandtheconclusion,ifpresent,maynotbeconsistentwiththereason‐ing.
0marks:Norelevantcontent
Indicativecontent
datathatsupportsstatement:•countryAhasthehighestdeathrateat285deathsper1000andthelowestconsumptionatonly180kgperperson•deathrateincountryEislessthanhalfthatincountryA(125comparedwith285)andconsumptionishigher(244comparedwith180)•othercountrieswithlowerdeathratesthanAhavehigherconsumption(egcountryB250deathsper1000butconsumptionof320kgperperson)argumentsagainststatement:•butmostofthedataonthegraphdoesnotshowclearcorrelationbetweendeathratesandconsumptionofdata•egdeathrateincountryBissecondhighestat250deathsper1000butconsumptionishighestat320kgperperson,nearlydoublethatinAwheredeathrateisonly35per1000more•differencesshownoclearpattern–egincountrieswheredeathrateismuchlowertheconsumptionisnotasimilarproportionhigher(cfcountryDdeathratejustunderhalfthatinAbutconsumptionnotdoublethatinA)•theremaybeotherfactorsaffectingdeathratethatarenotreported,suchassmoking,obesity,exercise,stress
6
[16]
Q7a
Scientistsinvestigatedtheeffectofdifferentfactorsonhealth.
(a)Peoplewhoarenotactivemayhavehealthproblems.
Thegraphshowsthepercentageof16‐year‐oldsinsomecountrieswhoarenotactive.
(i)Whatpercentageof16‐year‐oldsintheUKarenotactive?
..........................%(1)
(ii)Whatpercentageof16‐year‐oldsintheUKareactive?
..........................%(1)
(iii)Anewspaperheadlinestates:
InformationinFigure1doesnotsupportthenewspaperheadline.
Suggestonereasonwhythenewspaperheadlinemaybewrong.(1)
M7
(a)(i)641
(ii)36allowe.c.ffrom(i)i.e.100−answergivenin(a)(i)
1
(iii)anyonefrom:•onlyconsiders16‐year‐olds
ignorelackofevidenceallowdoesnotrefertoallages
•onlyaboutsome/5countriesallowdoesnotrefertoallcountries.
1
Q7 b,c
Whitebloodcellsarepartoftheimmunesystem.
Usethecorrectanswerfromtheboxtocompleteeachsentence.
(i) When we are ill, white blood cells produce .............................................. to kill microorganisms.
(1)
(ii) Many strains of bacteria, including MRSA, have developed resistance to drugs called
...............................................................................................................
What conclusion can be made about the effect of exercise on health?
Use informa on from the table.
(c)Inheritedfactorscanalsoaffecthealth.
Giveonehealthproblemthatmaybeaffectedbythegenessomeoneinherits.
Drawaringaroundthecorrectanswer.
(b)Doctorsgaveapercentageratingtothehealthof16‐year‐olds.100%isperfecthealth.
Thetableshowstheamountofexercise16‐year‐oldsdoandtheirhealthrating.
Amount of exercise done in minutes every week
Health ra ng as %
Less than 30
72
90
76
180
82
300
92
an bio cs
an bodies pathogens vaccines
an bio cs
an bodies pathogens vaccines
What conclusion can be made about the effect of exercise on health?
Use informa on from the table.
(c)Inheritedfactorscanalsoaffecthealth.
Giveonehealthproblemthatmaybeaffectedbythegenessomeoneinherits.
Drawaringaroundthecorrectanswer.
(b)Doctorsgaveapercentageratingtothehealthof16‐year‐olds.100%isperfecthealth.
Thetableshowstheamountofexercise16‐year‐oldsdoandtheirhealthrating.
Amount of exercise done in minutes every week
Health ra ng as %
Less than 30
72
90
76
180
82
300
92
M7(b)themoreexercisedonethehealthierapersonis
allowthemoreexercisedonethehigherthehealthratingallowthelessexercisedonethelowerthehealthrating
1
(c)havingahighcholesterollevel
1
(d)(i)antibodies1
(ii)antibiotics1
[7]
M8
ThenumberofpeopleintheUKwithtumoursisincreasing.
(a)(i)Describehowtumoursform.(1)
(ii)Tumourscanbemalignantorbenign.
Whatisthedifferencebetweenamalignanttumourandabenigntumour?(1)
(b)Describehowsometumoursmayspreadtootherpartsofthebod(1)
(i)Describethetrendsinthenumberofpeoplewithmalignantmelanomaskincancerbetween1985and2008.
(3)
(ii)Usethedataaboutthenumberoftripsabroadtosuggestanexplanationforthetrendsyouhavedescribedinpart(c)(i). (2)
(c)PeoplefromNorthernEuropehavefairskinandmanypeoplehavemalignantmelanomaskincancer.
ThegraphshowshowthenumberofpeopleintheUKwithmalignantmelanomachangedbetween1985and2008.
ThebarsonthegraphshowthenumberofpeopleintheUKwhotravelledabroadandthenumberwhotookcheapholidaysinthesunin1985and2005.
Years
Key
Mean for all areas
Mean for people from rich areas
Mean for people from poor areas
Total number of trips abroad
Number of cheap holidays in the sun
M8
(a)(i)(asaresultof)uncontrolled/abnormalgrowth/divisionofcellsignoremutationallowcellsdividingwithnocontactinhibition
1
(ii)benigntumoursdonotinvade/spreadtoothertissues/donotformsecondarytumours
acceptconverseformalignantacceptbenigntumoursdonotmetastasise
1
(b)viatheblood/circulatorysystem
acceptvialymphaticsystem1
(c)(i)incidenceisincreasing
1
morerapidly(overtheyears)ignore igures
1
differencebetweenrichandpoorareasisgettinglessortheincidenceisrisingfastestinpeoplefrompoorareas
acceptconverseforpeoplefromrichareas1
(ii)riskfactorisUVfromsunlight
ignoreionisingradiation1
moreUKcitizensgoingabroadortakingholidaysintheSunorpoorerpeoplecanaffordholidaysintheSunormorepoorerpeoplearetakingholidaysintheSun
1
[8](
Q9 a and b
Thediagrambelowshowsthehumandigestivesystem.
(a)(i)WhatisOrganA?
Drawaringaroundthecorrectanswer.
gallbladderliverstomach(1)
ii)WhatisOrganB?
Drawaringaroundthecorrectanswer.
largeintestinepancreassmallintestine(
(b)Digestiveenzymesaremadebydifferentorgansinthedigestivesystem.
Completethetablebelowputtingatickorcross(intheboxes.
The irstrowhasbeendoneforyou.
Organ producing enzyme
salivary glands
stomach pancreas
small intes ne
Enzyme
amylase Yes No Yes Yes
lipase
protease
M9 a and b
1 mark per correct row
or
if no correct row max 1 mark for any one correct column
2
(a)(i)stomach
(ii)smallintestine
(b)
salivary glands stomach pancreas small intes ne
amylase
Yes No Yes Yes
lipase
No No Yes Yes
protease
No Yes Yes Yes
salivary glands stomach pancreas small intes ne
amylase
Yes No Yes Yes
lipase
No No Yes Yes
protease
No Yes Yes Yes
(a)(i)stomach
(ii)smallintestine
(b)
Q9 c and d
(3)
(c)Thestomachalsomakeshydrochloricacid.
Howdoestheacidhelpdigestion?
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
(d)Drawonelinefromeachdigestiveenzymetothecorrectbreakdownproduct.
Breakdown products
amino acids.
Amylase breaks down
bases.
Lipase breaks down
fa y acids and glycerol.
Protease breaks down
sugars.
Breakdown products
amino acids.
Amylase breaks down
bases.
Lipase breaks down
fa y acids and glycerol.
Protease breaks down
sugars.
(c)Thestomachalsomakeshydrochloricacid.
Howdoestheacidhelpdigestion?
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
(d)Drawonelinefromeachdigestiveenzymetothecorrectbreakdownproduct.
M9candd(c)enzyme/protease/pepsinmosteffectiveinacidconditions/lowpH
acceptoptimum/correctpHdonotacceptreftoincorrectlynamedenzymesignorekillingbacteriaignoreacidbreaksdownfood
1
(d)EnzymeBreakdownproducts
3
[8]
Q10 Plants need different substances to survive.
Figure1showstherootsofaplant.
(a)(i)Mineralionsareabsorbedthroughtheroots.
Nameoneothersubstanceabsorbedthroughtheroots.(1)
(2)
(iii) The plant in Figure 1 has roots adapted for absorp on.
Figure2showsamagni iedpartofarootfromFigure1.
DescribehowtherootinFigure2isadaptedforabsorption.(2)
(ii)TheplantinFigure1hasahigherconcentrationofmineralionsinthecellsofitsrootsthantheconcentrationofmineralionsinthesoil.
Whichtwostatementscorrectlydescribetheabsorptionofmineralionsintotheplant’sroots?
Tick( )twoboxes.
(ii)TheplantinFigure1hasahigherconcentrationofmineralionsinthecellsofitsrootsthantheconcentrationofmineralionsinthesoil.
Whichtwostatementscorrectlydescribetheabsorptionofmineralionsintotheplant’sroots?
Tick( )twoboxes.
M10 a
(a)(i)water/H2OacceptoxygenallowH2OdonotallowH2OorH2O
1
(ii)themineralionsareabsorbedbyactivetransport1
theabsorptionofmineralionsneedsenergy1
(iii)have(manyroot)hairs1
(which)givealargesurfacearea(forabsorption)1
Q10
(1)
(ii)DescribehowtheappearanceofthestomatainleafBisdifferentfromtheappearanceofthestomatainleafA.
(1)
(iii)Themanforgetstowatertheplant.
WhatmighthappentotheplantinthenextfewdaysifthestomatastaythesameasshowninleafAinFigure3?
(1)(Total9marks)
(b)Theleavesofplantshavestomata.
Whatisthefunctionofthestomata?(1)(1)
(c)Figure3showstheundersideoftwoleaves,AandB,takenfromaplantinaman’shouse.
(i)InFigure3,thecellslabelledXcontrolthesizeofthestomata.
WhatisthenameofthecellslabelledX?
Tick( )onebox.
(b)Theleavesofplantshavestomata.
Whatisthefunctionofthestomata?(1)(1)
(c)Figure3showstheundersideoftwoleaves,AandB,takenfromaplantinaman’shouse.
(i)InFigure3,thecellslabelledXcontrolthesizeofthestomata.
WhatisthenameofthecellslabelledX?
Tick( )onebox.
M10b,c
(b)carbondioxideinoroxygenoutorcontrolwaterloss
acceptgasexchangeignoregasesinandoutignoregain/losewater
1
(c)(i)guardcells
1
(ii)(stomataare)closedallowthereisnogap/space
1
(iii)plantwillwilt/droopignoredie
1
[9]
Q11Some students inves gated the effect of light intensity on the rate of photosynthesis.
TheyusedtheapparatusshowninDiagram1.
Diagram1
Thestudents:
•placedthelamp10cmfromthepondweed
•countedthenumberofbubblesofgasreleasedfromthepondweedin1minute
•repeatedthisfordifferentdistancesbetweenthelampandthepondweed.
(a) Thelampgivesoutheataswellaslight.
(i) At distances between 15 cm and 50 cm, light was a limi ng factor for photosynthesis.
What evidence is there for this in the table?
(1)
(ii)Giveonefactorthatcouldhavelimitedtherateofphotosynthesiswhenthedistancewasbetween10cmand15cm.
(1)
Whatcouldthestudentsdotomakesurethatheatfromthelampdidnotaffecttherateofphotosynthesis
(b)Thetableshowsthestudents’results.
Distance in cm Number of bubbles
10 84
15 84
20 76
40 52
50 26
Distance in cm Number of bubbles
10 84
15 84
20 76
40 52
50 26
Whatcouldthestudentsdotomakesurethatheatfromthelampdidnotaffecttherateofphotosynthesi
(b)Thetableshowsthestudents’results.
M11 a and b
(a)anyonefrom:ignore‘checktemperature’
•addawaterbath•heatscreen•useLED•lowenergybulb/described
1
(b)(i)rate/numberofbubblesdecreases
acceptconversewithreferencetoincreasinglightorshorterdis-tance
orlessoxygen/gasreleased
ignorereferencetorateofphotosynthesis1
(ii)temperature/CO2(concentration)
accept‘itwastoocool’ornotenoughCO2acceptnumberofchloroplasts/amountofchlorophyllallowheatallowCO2donotallowCO2
1
Q11
(c)InthisquestionyouwillbeassessedonusinggoodEnglish,organisinginformationclearlyandusingspecialisttermswhereappropriate.
Diagram2showsasectionthroughaplantleaf.
Diagram2
Describethestructureoftheleafandthefunctionsofthetissuesintheleaf.
Youshouldusethenamesofthetissuesinyouranswer. (6)
M11 c
(c)MarksawardedforthisanswerwillbedeterminedbytheQualityofWrittenCommunication(QWC)aswellasthestandardofthescienti icresponse.ExaminersshouldalsorefertotheinformationintheMarkingguidance,andapplya‘best‐ it’approachtothemarking.0marksNorelevantcontent.Level1(1‐2marks)Thereisabriefdescriptionofatleast1tissueoratleast1functionofanindicatedpartoftheleaf.Theaccountlacksclarityordetail.
Level2(3‐4marks)Thereisacleardescriptionwhichincludesatleast1namedtissueandatleast1correctfunctiondescribedforanindicatedpartoftheleaf.Level3(5‐6marks)Thereisadetaileddescriptionofmostofthestructuresandtheirfunctions.Examplesofresponses:•epidermis•covertheplant•mesophyll/palisade•photosynthesises•phloem•xylem•transport.Thefollowingpointsareallacceptablebutbeyondthescopeofthespeci ication:•(waxy)cuticle–reducewaterloss•epidermis–nochloroplastssoallowslighttopenetrate•stomata/guardcells–allowCO2in(andO2out)orcontrolswaterloss•palisade(mesophyll)–manychloroplaststotraplight–neartopofleafforreceivingmorelight•spongy(mesophyll)–airspacesforrapidmovementofgases
6