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Pumpkin Purification
Removal of Toxic Metals from an
Aqueous Solution Using Curcurbita
Agricultural Waste Products
Lauren HodgeDallastown Area High School
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INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION
IDEA FORMATION
Review of Journal Article York Flood Garden Observation
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INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION
Why do banana peels work? Compounds in pumpkin Hypothesis
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INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION
Purpose of this research Dosage dependent? Lead versus chromium? Is concentration a factor?
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RESEARCHRESEARCH
Graphs courtesy of the United States Geological Survey
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RESEARCHRESEARCH
WATER POLLUTION: A Problem Limited to Developing Countries?
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RESEARCHRESEARCH
WATER POLLUTION: A Problem Limited to Developing Countries?
INCORRECT!!!!!!
• Exists globally, nationally, and locally
• 12,531 pounds of toxic metals flow through the Susquehanna daily
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RESEARCHRESEARCH
CURRENT REMOVAL METHODSCURRENT REMOVAL METHODS
Chemical PrecipitationChemical Precipitation
Ion ExchangeIon Exchange
Reverse OsmosisReverse Osmosis
PhytoremediationPhytoremediation
Adsorption- activated carbon, resinsAdsorption- activated carbon, resins
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RESEARCHRESEARCH
AGRICULTURAL WASTE PRODUCTSAGRICULTURAL WASTE PRODUCTS
Apple WasteApple Waste CorncobsCorncobs Cereal CropsCereal Crops Barks and LeavesBarks and Leaves SawdustSawdust Banana PeelBanana Peel
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RESEARCHRESEARCH
CHARACTERISTICS OF SUCCESSFUL BIOMASS
Lignocellulosic biomass: plant biomass that contains cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignon
Cellulose: organic structural component compound found in plants, polysaccharide with a linear chain
Hemicellulose: similar to cellulose but has shorter chains that branch Lignon: organic polymer, gives the plants structure
cellulose hemicellulose lignon
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RESEARCHRESEARCH
CHARACTERISTICS OF SUCCESSFUL BIOMASS
Carboxylic groups: organic acid, has at least 1 carboxyl group Phenolic groups: also organic, has phenolic ring
Carboxylic acid Phenolic ring
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PROCEDUREPROCEDURE
Preparation of Pumpkin (Stage 1): Four pumpkins were washed, stems and seeds removed, and sliced to uniform
thickness Pumpkin slices were dehydrated using residential oven for approximately four
hours After strips were thoroughly cooled, they were placed into blender and pulverized Pumpkin powder was stored in sanitized, labeled glass jars 3.00 g of sieved pumpkin powder from each pumpkin was combined and mixed to
create a homogeneous mixture of 12.0 g.
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PROCEDUREPROCEDURE
Preparation of Metal Ion Solutions (Stage 2): 1 ppm solutions were prepared by pouring 4 ml of 1,000 ppm stock solution
into 250 ml volumetric flask (done for lead and chromium) 5 ppm were then prepared by pouring 20 ml of 1,000 ppm stock solution into
250 ml volumeteric flask (done for lead and chromium) Deionized water was added to prepare solutions with total volume of 250 ml This resulted in four solutions: 250 ml of lead in 1 ppm, 250 ml of lead in 5
ppm, 250 ml of chromium in 1 ppm, 250 ml of chromium in 5 ppm Automatic pH probe was calibrated and solutions were titrated with sodium
hydroxide in order to increase pH
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PROCEDUREPROCEDURE
Combining Pumpkin Powder and Metal Solutions (Stage 3): 15 ml of each of the four metal solutions were poured into six labeled
centrifuge tubes resulting in 24 experimental samples Appropriate pumpkin dosage was then added (either 0.050 g or 0.50 g) 13 additional control samples were also prepared All samples were placed onto Orbital Shake Table overnight Samples were centrifuged at 3000 rpm for five minutes Samples were then vacuum filtered using 45 micron filter paper for 30 secs Filtered samples were transferred to labeled ICP vials and run through ICP
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DATADATA
100%(1.06)
32.5%(0.344) 15.4%
(0.174)0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
Co
nce
ntr
atio
n (
pp
m)
Control 0.50 g 0.05 g
Samples
LEAD PRESENT- Before and after treatment
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DATADATA
100% (4.72)
22.5%(1.06)
21.1%(0.996)
0
1
2
3
4
5
Co
nce
ntr
atio
n (
pp
m)
Control 0.50 g 0.05 g
Samples
LEAD PRESENT- Before and after treatment
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DATADATA
100%(0.991)
70.0% (0.694) 61.7%
(0.611)
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
Co
nce
ntr
atio
n (
pp
m)
Control 0.50 g 0.05 g
Samples
CHROMIUM PRESENT- Before and after treatment
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DATADATA
100%(4.81)
71.3%(3.43) 59.9%
(2.88)
0
1
2
3
4
5
Co
nce
ntr
atio
n (
pp
m)
Control 0.50 g 0.05 g
Samples
CHROMIUM PRESENT- Before and after treatment
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CONCLUSIONCONCLUSION
General Conclusion
Pumpkin Dosage
100%(1.06)
32.5%(0.344) 15.4%
(0.174)0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
Co
nce
ntr
atio
n (
pp
m)
Control 0.50 g 0.05 g
Samples
LEAD PRESENT- Before and after treatment
100% (4.72)
22.5%(1.06)
21.1%(0.996)
0
1
2
3
4
5
Co
nce
ntr
atio
n (
pp
m)
Control 0.50 g 0.05 g
Samples
LEAD PRESENT- Before and after treatment
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CONCLUSIONCONCLUSION
General Conclusion
Pumpkin Dosage
100%(0.991)
70.0% (0.694) 61.7%
(0.611)
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
Co
nce
ntr
atio
n (
pp
m)
Control 0.50 g 0.05 g
Samples
CHROMIUM PRESENT- Before and after treatment
100%(4.81)
71.3%(3.43) 59.9%
(2.88)
0
1
2
3
4
5
Co
nce
ntr
atio
n (
pp
m)
Control 0.50 g 0.05 g
Samples
CHROMIUM PRESENT- Before and after treatment