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PSYCHOLOGY
Perceptual Interpretation
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Nature vs. Nurture
Kant - innate/nature (born with- inherited)
Locke - learn by experience/nurture (blank slate)
Nurture sculpts what nature has endowed
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Restored vision studies*Patients with cataracts from birth & later removed could identify figure from ground & sense color - so this suggests some perceptual abilities are innate
*But could NOT recognize sight objects or shapes-suggests critical period for sensory perceptual development
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Sensory Restriction:Blakemore & Cooper, 1970
Kittens raised with exposure to horizontal lines later had difficulty perceiving vertical bars
Selective blindness to the lines they were not exposed to
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Perceptual InterpretationPerceptual Adaptation(vision) ability to adjust to an artificially displaced visual fieldprism glasses/distortion goggles demo
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How do our beliefs, expectations, etc. shape interpretation?
Perceptual Seta mental predisposition to perceive one thing and not anothergreatly impacts what we perceive
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Unscramble the words
1. LULB EXAMPLE BULL2. CALEM3. NUKKS4. SEUMO5. BAZER6. EAP
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Unscramble the words
1. NORC Example CORN2. NOONI3. MATOOT4. PREPPE5. TEBE6. EAP
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Perceptual Set What you see in the center is influenced by perceptual set
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PERCEPTUAL SET
Ex. Loch Ness monster Ex. Cheer up vs. gear up in the pilot
Ex. Backmasking when told what to listen for
Ex. Picture of costume ball vs. Trained seal
Old lady vs. young lady
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Perception & Schemas
Schema - formed concepts created from experience Schemas help determine our perceptual set
Ex. What do you expect to see in an office based on prior experience with offices?
What do you expect to see, hear, etc.Ex. anagrams
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Perceptual Set: Schemas
Flying Saucers or Clouds?
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Context Effects
Context Effects: Talking about fruit… likely to hear peel instead of wheel; cults & sects or cults & sex
Context creates expectation that influences our perception or interpretation
Ex. Rabbits in box pictureEx. Students don’t recognize teachers at store
Ex. Handout 15-1 #3
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What do they teach us?
Perceptual sets, schemas, & context effect show how experience helps us construct perception
CultureEmotion Sterotypes
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Perception and the Human FactorHuman Factors Psychology
explores how people and machines interact
explores how machine and physical environments can be adapted to human behaviors
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Perceptual Set: Human Factors
Actualdescent
path
Pilot’s perceiveddescent path
Altitude looksthis much higher
20 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2Distance from runway (miles)
10
8
6
4
2
0
Altitude(thousands
of feet)
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Extrasensory Perception?
Extrasensory Perception (ESP) controversial claim that perception can occur apart from sensory input1. Telepathy - mind to mind comm.2. Clairvoyance - perceiving remote events
3. Precognition - perceiving future events
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TermsParapsychology
the study of paranormal phenomena, including ESP & Psychokinesis
Psychokinesis - mind over matter Scientific research is not strong, skepticism exists