Download - Psychology Of Aggression
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Aggression And ViolenceBy Heba EssawyProf. Psychiatry
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Definition Aggression refers to behavior between
members that is : Can be phycical or emotional. Intended to cause pain or harm. People can avoid such treatment or
may fight back.
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Violence and Excitement Violence : Aggression by force.- Formed of destructive behavior that can
endanger life or produce adverse effects on victims .
Excitement : ↑ psychomotor activity in psychiatric problem.
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Forms Of Aggression Aggresion has a defensive behavior is
not normally considered "aggression.“ Forms of aggression: ** Physical. **Mental. **Verbal.
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Situation Producing Aggression
Toxic and organic state (Substance abuse ).
Developmental Disability. Florid Psychosis. Conduct Disorder. Psychological Stress.
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Predictors Of Aggression Enjoy in watching or inflicting harm. Self View as Victim. Childhood Deprivation. Early Loss of parents. Prior Violent Act. Fire Setting , cruelty to animals.
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MODELS OF AGGRESSION Biological Basis of Aggression Anatomical. Biological. chromosomal Psychological Psychoanalytical Humanistic Social Learning theory
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Biological Basis of Aggression
A) Anatomical Basis ( Neural Substrates): - Limbic System. - Amygdala. - Temporal Lobe. - Hypothalamus. - RAS. - Cerebral Cortex( modulate agg.
Behavior).
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LIMBIC SYSTEM MODELCORTEX
↓RAS↓↓
Hippocampus Amygdala for
For relaxation fight▼ ▼
Hypothalamus
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Neurotransmitters ♦ 5HT → Impulsive Bebavior.
♦NE → Arousal
♦DA→ Psychomotor agitation.
♦GABA → Disinhibition
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Neuroendocrinal
♦Estrogen → ↓aggression in Receptive period.
♦Progesterone → Increase aggression. ♦Prolactin → Increase aggression( birds). ♦ ACTH → Modulate aggression.
♦Testosterone → Increase aggressive.
♦Thyroid Hormones→ Increase aggression
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Psychological Model
1- Psychoanalytic Theory 2- Humanistic theory. 3-Social Learning Theory.
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Psychoanalytic Theories Aggression as an instinctive behavior ♦ Freudian: * Human behavior stemmed
from interplay between two basic Instincts:
►Eros ( life , sex, reproduction).
► Thanatos( Death ,
aggression).
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Psychoanalytic Theories Aggression developed during : _ Oral Phase : pleasure of bitting . _ Fixation Of Instincts(enforce toilet
training) : _ Impaired superego.
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Psychoanalytic Theories Impaired mother child relationship: _ punitive Parents. _ Sex Difference. _ Socio – economic Factors.Comments: * Catharsis: discharge of Thanatos. * Aggression is inevitable, Innate .
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Psychoanalytic Theories Lorenz s view - Fighting Instincts during evolution
to Protect Human territory. - Direct Behavior → Creativity &
mastering. - Love & friendship can block
aggression. ♣optimistic, can be rechallenged to
non injurious acts as love, friendship
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Psychoanalytic Theories Addller s View: - Striving for Superiority. - perfection. Mc Dougall s View :( instinct) - replace physical aggression to
sarcastic smiles, Polished insulting words.
* If fails , individual regerss to primitive way of behavior.
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Humanistic Theory Aggression is
1-A Product Of Frustration
2- resulting of blocking goal in life .
SO, Frustration → arousal of drive → Harming persons or objects.
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Humanistic Theory
Basic Concepts ( Drive theory ) - Is elicited drive depends on external factors as pain humiliation loss of faith
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Humanistic Theory2- Frustration – Aggression theory
**Arise from deprivation from basic human needs (Maslow).
- To Control : Accepting environment.
Fulfill basic needs. NO humiliation.
→→ AGGRESSION is evitable through satisfaction of basic needs.
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Social learning Theory Albert Bandura s View: - Learned behavior . - Reinforced by rewards. - Not born with repertoire of
aggression - Acquired through past experience .
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Determinants of aggression SOCIAL DETERMINANTS Frustration Direct Provocation Media Violence Environmental Determinants.
Situational Determinants.
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Social determinants
Media Violence: Disinhibition . Desensitization. Arousal of Aggressive feeling. Encouragement Of Risk Taking. ↑ exposure to violent material will ↑violent
fantasies.
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Television Violence
Has a short – term stimulation effect on aggressive behavior.
Portrays the world as a more hostile place.
Justified Violence. Cues aggressive ideas in children.
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Social Determinants Relies on :1. Role Modeling .2. Identification.3. Human Interaction. Learned By : * Imitation. * Reinforced
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Enviromental Determinants Air Pollution: *Exposure to noxious odors . * Chemical plants. Noise. Crowding . Heat.
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Situational Determinants Heightened Physiological Arousal: - Stress. - Anxiety. - Participation in Competitive Activities. - Vigorous Exercise. - Exposure to Pain .
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Prevention & Control Of Aggression
Punishment. Catharsis. Social Skill Training. Induction Of Incompatible Behavior:1. Empathy.2. Humor.3. Cognitive Task
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Pharmacotherapy
- Drugs promote Serotonin. - Drugs block dopamine (↓drive & motivation for
aggression). - Antiepileptic (↓Kindling). - Mood stabilizer( Lithium ). - Hormonal treatment. - Psychosurgery
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THANK S
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CONTROL OF AGGRESSION
1- OPTIMISTIC VIEW: * Behavioral Therapy * Behavioral Cognetive Therapy.
2- Pessimistic view: * Observational. * Disinhibition . * Desensitization.
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How aggression begins ? Conditions producing aggressive
impulses. Person have violent thoughts or
fantasies. If loose control, thoughts become acts.
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COGNITIVE THEORY - Obtaining , organizing and using
intellectual knowledge . - Mental operation & store bits in memory
to be retrived. - relies on understanding. - Understanding the connection between
cause and effect.
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Situational Factors Sexual Arousal: * Depend on the erotic material . * Erotica are mild → Aggression is
low. * If Explicit ----------→ Aggression is
high. Pain: *Arouse agg. Drive. * Aggression to any target.
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DEFINITION♣ Forms of Aggression : ∂. Tendency to be physically
assaultive : violence & force. ∂. Indirect expressed hostility. ∂. Verbally expressed anger. ∂. Humors. ∂. Rumors.
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THANK s
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Chromosomal Abnormalities Twin Studies
Chromosomal influence.
In inborn error in metabolism.
Genetically determined diseases.
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SOCIAL DETERMINANTS
Frustration: Aggression Always stems from frustration.
Direct Provocation:
- Physical or Verbal Abuse. once begins Unsetting pattern of
Escalation.
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Defensive mechanism.
Projection . Narcissism. Repression. Introjection . Displacement.
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Can We Predict Aggression ? Personal Factor :
Frequent Threats. Access to instrument Of Violence. Chronic Anger and Hostility .