Download - Psychology endocrine system
![Page 1: Psychology endocrine system](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081518/54c108384a795927748b4571/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
• Endocrine glands are glands of the endocrine system that secrete their products, hormones, directly into the blood rather than through a duct.
![Page 2: Psychology endocrine system](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081518/54c108384a795927748b4571/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Hormones
![Page 3: Psychology endocrine system](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081518/54c108384a795927748b4571/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Hormones• Secreted by the endocrine glands.• Chemicals that circulate via the
bloodstream to specific parts of the body and affect their functioning and growth.
• Not all hormones are secreted by glands.Ex:secretin.
• Not all hormones are proteins.• They can be peptides, steroids, amino acids and derivatives of catecholamine.
![Page 4: Psychology endocrine system](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081518/54c108384a795927748b4571/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
![Page 5: Psychology endocrine system](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081518/54c108384a795927748b4571/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Thyroid gland• Located at the base of the neck on
either side of the wind pipe.• Necessary for optimal development
and growth of CNS and other body systems.
• Secretes thyroxin-regulates the rate of metabolism.
![Page 6: Psychology endocrine system](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081518/54c108384a795927748b4571/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
• Hypothyroidism -cretinism-retarded physical and
mental growth, poor body proportions, low metabolic activity, a broad nose, dry skin, poor mental activity.
-Myxoedema-thick, puffy skin, dry, brittle hair, sluggish mental activity, increased body fat and weight.
• Hyperthyroidism-nervousness, irritability, fatigue, fast heart beat, weight loss.
![Page 7: Psychology endocrine system](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081518/54c108384a795927748b4571/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Goiter or grave’s disease• Enlarged thyroid gland characterised
by swelling under the skin at the front of the neck.
• Increased heart beat and metabolism, reduction in weight, high blood pressure
-overactive, unstable, tense, nervous.
-insomnia.
![Page 8: Psychology endocrine system](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081518/54c108384a795927748b4571/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Parathyroid glands
![Page 9: Psychology endocrine system](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081518/54c108384a795927748b4571/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
• Located on either side of TG• regulates calcium absorption and
metabolism.• Secretes parathormone hormone. -regulates calcium level in the blood. -small variations-muscles and nerve
impairment, affects behavior. -necessary for cartilage models to
become bones. -under secretion or over secretion
affects skeletal bones and teeth. -removal-tremors, cramps,
convulsions and muscular twitching.
![Page 10: Psychology endocrine system](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081518/54c108384a795927748b4571/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Thymus gland
![Page 11: Psychology endocrine system](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081518/54c108384a795927748b4571/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
• Located in the region where the throat joins the chest.
• Large gland at childhood starts shrinking around puberty and reduces to the minimum during adulthood.
• Stimulates the vertical growth and withholds premature sexual development.
• Plays an important role in the development of the child’s immune system.
![Page 12: Psychology endocrine system](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081518/54c108384a795927748b4571/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
![Page 13: Psychology endocrine system](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081518/54c108384a795927748b4571/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Adrenal glands• Play an important role in
determining a person’s mood, energy level and ability to cope with stress.
• Located above kidneys.- Each gland has:• Adrenal medulla (inner)• Adrenal cortex (outer)
![Page 14: Psychology endocrine system](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081518/54c108384a795927748b4571/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Adrenal medulla :• Helps cope with physical and
emotional stress.• Closely related to the sympathetic
nervous system, control physical reactions induced by emotion.
• Secretes-epinephrine (adrenalin)-increase heart rate, facilitates blood flow to muscles and brain, relaxation of smooth muscles, conversion of glycogen to glucose in the liver. Norepinephrine (noradrenalin)-stimulates to release adrenocortical hormone.
![Page 15: Psychology endocrine system](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081518/54c108384a795927748b4571/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Adrenal cortex :• Secretes a number of hormones-
aidosterone, cortisol (minor aches and pains), cortisone (rheumatoid arthritis), 17-ketosteroids (sex hormones) etc.
• Secreted more under stress.• Destruction-Addison’s disease-
irritability, increased fatigue, loss of appetite.
![Page 16: Psychology endocrine system](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081518/54c108384a795927748b4571/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Pancreas
![Page 17: Psychology endocrine system](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081518/54c108384a795927748b4571/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Neurotransmitters
![Page 18: Psychology endocrine system](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081518/54c108384a795927748b4571/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
• Different parts of your brain share information and organize plans for action through a code system.
• Chemicals called neurotransmitters are emptied from tiny sacs into the space between nerve cells.
• These chemicals cross that space and bind to receptors on other nerve cells.
• The binding process triggers an electrical stimulus in the receiving cells.
![Page 19: Psychology endocrine system](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081518/54c108384a795927748b4571/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
• A hormone is a substance that is secreted by an organ or part of the body, into the blood stream, and is thereby transported to another body part (or it may act on the organ that secreted it), to illicit an action.• A neurotransmitter is any specific
chemical that crosses a synaptic space after being transmitted from a presynaptic cell, and acts on a post-synaptic cell.
![Page 20: Psychology endocrine system](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081518/54c108384a795927748b4571/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
• Hormone is a compound produced by an endocrine gland and released into the bloodstream where it can find it's target cells at some distance from it's actual site of release.• A neurotransmitter is a compound
released from a nerve terminal. These nerve terminals are in direct apposition with their target cells to ensure rapid and specific delivery of the signal.
![Page 21: Psychology endocrine system](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081518/54c108384a795927748b4571/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
ADRENALINA hormone or a neurotransmitter?????