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Psychological DisordersPersonality Disorders
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Personality Disorders Inflexible and enduring patterns of behavior
that impair one’s social functioning
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Cluster A: Eccentric behavior
Schizoid personality disorder detachment from social relationships and a restricted
range of expression of emotions in interpersonal settings Schizotypal personality disorder
marked by acute discomfort with, and reduced capacity for, close relationships as well as by cognitive or perceptual distortions and eccentricities of behavior
Paranoid personality disorder distrust and suspiciousness of others such that their
motives are interpreted as malevolent
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Cluster B: Dramatic or Impulsive histrionic personality disorder
shallow, attention-getting emotions and goes to great lengths to gain others’ praise and reassurance
narcissistic personality disorder exaggerate their own importance, aided by success
fantasies borderline personality disorder
unstable identity, unstable relationships, and unstable emotions
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Cluster C: Anxiety Avoidant personality disorder
social inhibition, feelings of inadequacy, and hypersensitivity to negative evaluation
Dependent personality disorder excessive need to be taken care of that leads to
submissive and clinging behavior and fears of separation Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder
preoccupation with orderliness, perfectionism, and mental and interpersonal control, at the expense of flexibility, openness, and efficiency
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Antisocial Personality Disorder Formerly called a sociopath or a psychopath Typically male whose lack of conscience
becomes evident before age 15 “feel little and fear little” Express little regret over violating others’
rights Impulsive, uninhibited, low in anxiety A fearless approach to life
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Antisocial Personality Disorder Behaviors in childhood
lying, stealing, fighting Behaviors in adulthood
unable to keep a job irresponsible spouse and parent assaultive or otherwise criminal when combined with a sharp intellect the result
may be a con artist
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Antisocial Personality Disorders Biological and Psychological origins
Linked to lower levels of stress arousal tendency to be unconcerned with social rewards lacking a sense of social responsibility reduced activity in frontal lobe
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Somatoform Disorders Distressing symptoms take a somatic (bodily)
form without apparent physical causes Conversion disorder Hypochodriasis
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Dissociative Disorders Disorder of consciousness in which a person
appears to experience a sudden loss of memory or change in identity, often in response to an overwhelmingly stressful situation Amnesia Fugue Dissociative Identity Disorder
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Mood Disorders Disorders characterized by emotional
extremes Major depressive disorder – prolonged
hopelessness and lethargy Bi-polar disorder – alternating between
depression and mania, an overexcited, hperactive state.
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Schizophrenia A split from reality that shows itself in
disorganized thinking, disturbed perceptions, and inappropriate emotions and actions.