Download - Psych 200 Therapy
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2Chapter 14
Learning Outcomes
• Define psychotherapy and describe the history of treatment.
• Describe traditional psychoanalysis and short-term psychodynamic theories.
• Define humanistic therapy and contrast its two main approaches.
• Define behavior therapy and identify various behavioral approaches to therapy.
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3Chapter 14
Learning Outcomes
• Define cognitive therapy and describe Beck’s approach and REBT.
• Identify advantages, disadvantages, and types of group therapy.
• Explain whether psychotherapy works and who benefits from it.
• Describe methods of biological therapy and their benefits and side effects.
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4Chapter 14
Truth or Fiction?
Residents of London used to visit the insane asylum for a fun night out on the town.
Some psychotherapists let their clients take the lead in psychotherapy.
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5Chapter 14
Truth or Fiction?
Some psychotherapists tell their clients exactly what to do.
Lying in a reclining chair and fantasizing can be an effective way of confronting fears.
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6Chapter 14
Truth or Fiction?
Smoking cigarettes can be an effective method for helping people stop smoking cigarettes.
There is no scientific evidence that psychotherapy helps people with psychological disorders.
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7Chapter 14
Truth or Fiction?
The originator of a surgical technique to reduce violence learned that it was not always successful when one of his patients shot him.
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What is Psychotherapy?
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9Chapter 14
Psychotherapy
• Systematic interaction• Psychological principles• Thoughts, feelings, and behavior• Psychological disorders, adjustment problems, and
personal growth
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10Chapter 14
History of Therapies
• Asylums• Mental Hospitals• Community Mental Health Movement
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Psychoanalytic Therapies
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12Chapter 14
Traditional Psychoanalysis
• Insight• Catharsis• Free Association• Resistance• Transference• Dream Analysis
– Wish Fulfillment
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13Chapter 14
Short-Term Dynamic Therapies
• Short-term, less intense, directive• Ego analysis
– More focus on ego, less on the id
• Interpersonal Psychotherapy– Focus on present rather than childhood relationships
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Humanistic Therapies
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15Chapter 14
Client-Centered Therapy
• Carl Rogers• Provide insight into parts of us we have disowned so
we may feel whole• Non-directive, warm, therapeutic atmosphere
– Unconditional positive regard– Empathy– Genuineness
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16Chapter 14
Gestalt Therapy
• Fritz Perls• Integrate conflicting parts of the personality• Directive, focused on the here and now
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Behavior Therapy
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18Chapter 14
Behavior Modification
• Apply principles of learning to directly promote desired behavioral changes– Conditioning and observational learning– Discontinue self-defeating behaviors
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19Chapter 14
Fear-Reduction Methods
• Systematic desensitization– Confront hierarchy of stimuli– Counterconditioning
• Virtual Therapy• Modeling
– Observational learning
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20Chapter 14
Aversive Conditioning
• Pair an aversive stimuli with the unwanted impulse– Used to eliminate unwanted habits and antisocial
behaviors
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21Chapter 14
Operant Conditioning
• Token economy• Successive approximation• Biofeedback training
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22Chapter 14
Social Skills Training
• Decrease social anxiety and build social skills through operant conditioning techniques– Self-monitoring, behavior rehearsal, and feedback
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Cognitive Therapies
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24Chapter 14
Cognitive Therapy
• Changing beliefs, attitudes, and automatic types of thinking that create and compound problems– Awareness of current cognitions
• Aaron Beck– Confront feelings and beliefs that make no sense– Cognitive errors
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25Chapter 14
Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy
• Albert Ellis• Challenge irrational beliefs
– Need for love and approval of others– Need to prove oneself to be competent, adequate,
achieving
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26Chapter 14
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
• Integration of behavioral and cognitive therapies
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Group Therapies
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28Chapter 14
Group Therapies
• Advantages– Economical– More experiences for client to draw upon– Social support of the group
• Disadvantages– Unable to express feelings to group
• Couple therapy• Family therapy
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29Chapter 14
Effectiveness of Psychotherapy
• Meta-analysis – People who obtain psychotherapy fare better than those
who do not
• Specific factors – support of educated helping professional
• Nonspecific factors – client-therapist alliance• Must consider type of therapy; type of problem; and
type of patient
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30Chapter 14
Psychotherapy and Race/Ethnicity
• Multi-cultural competence – African Americans – prejudice, discrimination– Asian Americans – stigmatize people with disorders– Latino/Latina Americans – value of family interdependence
conflicts with goal for self-reliance– Native Americans – Disruption of traditional culture
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Biological Therapies
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32Chapter 14
Drug Therapy
• Antianxiety Drugs– Rebound anxiety
• Antipsychotic Drugs• Antidepressants
– Selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors
• Lithium
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33Chapter 14
Other Biological Therapies
• Electroconvulsive Therapy• Psychosurgery
– Prefrontal lobotomy
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Beyond the Book
Slides to help expand your lectures
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35Chapter 14
Video Connections: Virtual Reality Therapy
• How does virtual reality therapy compare with other modes of therapy in helping people with a fear of flying?
• Explain how virtual therapy is both similar and dissimilar to other cognitive behavioral methods
• Agree or disagree: Virtual therapy is basically a variation of systematic desensitization