Download - Pruning All Fruits
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Fruit Tree Pruning
Easy as 1-2-3
Jerry Goodspeed
Horticulture AgentUtah State University
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Pruning is a Science andan Art
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Why prune
1- To produce quality fruit
2- To control size
3- To solve problem
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When to prune
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What to use
Saw 2+ large branches
Hand Pruners -1 branches
Loppers 1 branches
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What to Cut
*It Depends Rule:
-type of fruit tree
-age of the tree
First 3-4 years:
training & structure
After 4-5 years:fruit & size control
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The 3 Easy Rules
1- Know where the fruit is
2- Make the easy cuts first
3- Let the light in
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Basic tree stuff
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Step 1
Know where the fruit is
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Apples & Pears
Fruit on spurs
2-5 years old.
Thin the fruit!
(hand width)
What about apples every-other year?
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Leaf budFruit bud
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Apricots - Cherries - Plums
Produce fruit everywhere
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Peaches
Fruit on 1 year old wood.
3 mixed buds
Heavy annual pruning
up to 50%
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Step 2
Make the easy cuts first
Dead Diseased - Dumb
hanging branches
rubbing branches
bad angles
suckers
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2 basic pruning cuts
Heading cutsshortening a branch
Thinning cutsRemove entire branch
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Pruning doesnt stop growth it only directs it
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Apical Dominance
The no grow hormone
-produced by terminal bud
-suppresses lower/lateral buds
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Step 3
Let in the Light
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Training Systems
Theres no right or wrong training system.
The worst thing to do is nothing!
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Open Vase(Peaches, Apricots, Nectarines, Japanese plums, Sour cherries)
Select 3-4 primary scaffold branches
-About 18-24 from the ground
-Evenly distributed in a whorl.
-6 to 8 apart vertically
Remove any growth 1 foot from the trunk
When primary scaffold are 4 feet long, allow 2
secondary scaffolds to form.
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Scoring
Forcing a bud to break
-use a sharp knife
-early before bud swell-disrupts apical dominance
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Peach Tree before pruning
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Peach Tree after pruning
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Modified Central Leader(Apples, European plums, Sweet cherries, Pears)
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Modified Central Leader(Apples, European plums, Sweet cherries, Pears)
Select 4-5 primary scaffold branches- 18-24 from the ground
- evenly distributed
- 6-8 apart vertically
Head terminal above where the 2nd
scaffold will be.2-3 primary scaffolds1st 4-5 branches 24-36 from ground
2nd 3-4 branches 2 feet above the 1st
3rd 2-3 branches 2 feet above the 2nd
More horizontal branches control vigor.
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Spreaders
Apples / Pears
Love to grow straight up.
Spreaders-1x1 wood with nails
-baling twine
-clothes pins
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Fruit Thinning Why?
Produces better quality fruit
Promotes annual bearing
after
June drop
double nickel rule
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Grapes
Growth Habit:
-American Bunch-type
-Perennial woody trunk
-Produce fruit on year-old canes
-Hardy / Vigorous plants
Deep rooted (2-5)
Need some type of trellising
Try to avoid chain-link
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P G
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Pruning GrapesFour-cane Kniffin System
Fruit is found on shoots growing from year old canes.
One main trunk trained to a 2 wire trellis system (24-30 apart)
4 canes (year old) 10-15 buds on each cane or 40-60 per plant
Each bud will form 2-3 grape clusters
Renewal spurs
4 renewal spurs with 2 buds
Next years fruiting wood
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Pruning Tips
-Select canes that are 1/4 in diameter
Avoid weak & bull canes
-Mark or tape the 4 keepers and tie them to wire
first.-Remove everything else!
(Except the renewal spurs)
-Correct pruning = removing 80-90% of the grapeplant
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Raspberries
Growth Habit:
-Perennial Roots Sucker profusely
-Biennial Canes
Primocanes (1 year old)
Floricanes (2 year old)
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2 Types of Raspberries
Summer-bearing
Day-length sensitive
Set flowers in fall, produce fruit next June /July
Fruit on floricanes
Ever-bearing (Fall)
Not day-length sensitive
Fruit on primocanes (first fall, on the tips)
Fruit on floricanes (next summer, lower on cane)
Pruning
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Pruning
Summer-bearing Raspberries
Produce one crop in June/July-Early spring (March-April)
-Remove dead / weak canes (winter damage)-Thin healthy canes to 6 apart
-Prune canes to 4-5 (optional)
-Remove spent canes after harvest
-Rotation between primocanes & floricanes
-Typically need support or trellised
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*http://www.inberry.com/
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Pruning
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Pruning
Ever-bearing Raspberries
Two options1- Produce 2 small crops June & August
or
2- Produce 1 large crop in August
Pruning
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Pruning
Ever-bearing Raspberries
Two small crops (June & August)-Early spring (March-April)
-Remove dead / weak canes (winter damage)
-Thin healthy canes to 6 apart
-Prune canes to 4-5 (below fruited section)
-Remove spent canes after harvest-Rotation between primocanes & floricanes
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*http://www.inberry.com/
Ever
Pruning
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Pruning
Ever-bearing Raspberries
One large crop (August)-Early spring (March-April)
-Mow everything down to 2-4
-Thats it!!
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Black / Purple Raspberries
*http://www.weeksberry.com/BRASP.HTML
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Questions?
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Contact Information
Jerry Goodspeed
Weber County Fairgrounds
(801) 399-8201
www.extension.usu.edu
mailto:[email protected]://www.extension.usu.edu/http://www.extension.usu.edu/mailto:[email protected]