Download - Proton driver activities @ Saclay
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BENE 17/03/05 1C. Cavata
Proton driver Proton driver activitiesactivities @ Saclay @ SaclayA talk assembled with materials from• R. Gobin• P.Y. Beauvais• B. Visentin• R. Duperrier
OutlinesA. ECR H- sourceB. NC RFQC. SuperConducting CavitiesD. Code/Simulation of Space
Charge
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C. Cavata BENE 17/03/05 2
Proton LINAC : Overall DesignProton LINAC : Overall Design
High Energy
SuperConducting Elliptical Cavities
(5-cell 704 MHz)
I njector
(352 MHz)
I ntermediateAcceleration
SC or NCResonators
500
MeV 600 MeV XADS
200
MeV
100
MeV
5M
eV
100
keV
SOURCE RFQ CH - DTL orQWR - Spoke
LowBeta=0.47
Medium Beta=0.65
High Beta=0.85
1-2 GeV EURI SOL
High Energy
SuperConducting Elliptical Cavities
(5-cell 704 MHz)
I njector
(352 MHz)
I ntermediateAcceleration
SC or NCResonators
500
MeV 600 MeV XADS
200
MeV
100
MeV
5M
eV
100
keV
SOURCE RFQ CH - DTL orQWR - Spoke
LowBeta=0.47
Medium Beta=0.65
High Beta=0.85
1-2 GeV EURI SOL
High Energy
SuperConducting Elliptical Cavities
(5-cell 704 MHz)
High Energy
SuperConducting Elliptical Cavities
(5-cell 704 MHz)
I njector
(352 MHz)
I ntermediateAcceleration
SC or NCResonators
500
MeV 600 MeV XADS
200
MeV
100
MeV
5M
eV
100
keV
SOURCE RFQ CH - DTL orQWR - Spoke
LowBeta=0.47
Medium Beta=0.65
High Beta=0.85
1-2 GeV EURI SOL
I njector
(352 MHz)
I ntermediateAcceleration
SC or NCResonators
500
MeV 600 MeV XADS
200
MeV
100
MeV
5M
eV
100
keV
SOURCE RFQ CH - DTL orQWR - Spoke
LowBeta=0.47
Medium Beta=0.65
High Beta=0.85
1-2 GeV EURI SOL
SPLEUROTRANS
CW or Pulsed LINAC
Niobium Superconducting
Cavities
Spoke Elliptical
QWR
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C. Cavata BENE 17/03/05 3
Proton Driver Activities
@ Saclay
H- Electron Cyclotron Resonance Source
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BENE 17/03/05 4C. Cavata
Rectangular plasma chamber5 mm extraction apertureECR zone at RF entranceOperation : Pulsed modeEnergy 10 kV
Technical options
A new source based on ECR plasma
A 2.5 GHz designMain Goal is reliability
Aim : for high power accelerators, H- current of a few tens of mA at 50 to 100
kV
A new H- source based on ECR plasma
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BENE 17/03/05 5C. Cavata
H- production
A/ Plasma H2 → H+ + e- ; H2+e- (a few 10 eV) → H2*+e-
B/ Dissociation H2*+e- (eV) → H-+H
Installation of a stainless steel grid in the rectangular plasma chamber
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BENE 17/03/05 6C. Cavata
Grid position
I H- from few µA to nearly 100 µA
Grid polarization
I H- from 100 µA to nearly 1mA
First Optimisati
ons:
H- production
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BENE 17/03/05 7C. Cavata
H- gain confirmation
To prove effective H- ions productionanalysis with a dipole magnet
?
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BENE 17/03/05 8C. Cavata
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
Coura
nt d
'ions
H- (m
A)
Tension d'extraction (kV)
courant d'ion H- avec un paque de nitrure de Boresous une pression de 3.2 mTorr
latest results
the extracted H- current increased up to 1.25 mA at 10kV.
And after parameter optimisations, the extracted
beam reached close to 4 mA at 10kV .
Reflected RF powerH- beam, 0.5mA/cc
and 0.5ms/cc
The source is running at lower pressure
To increase the e- density in the plasma generator zone, Boron Nitride plates have been installed on the copper walls …
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BENE 17/03/05 9C. Cavata
Future plans
• New magnetic configurationMagnetic coils will be replaced by permanent magnet rings
• A new cylindrical water cooled plasma chamber more suitable for the next magnetic configuration possibility of working in long pulse mode
• Far future change the RF generator frequency (10 GHz) to improve the plasma density
Aim : for high power accelerators, H- current of a few tens of mA at 50 to 100
kV
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C. Cavata BENE 17/03/05 10
Proton Driver Activities Proton Driver Activities
@ Saclay@ Saclay
3 MeV NC RFQ3 MeV NC RFQ
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C. Cavata BENE 17/03/05 11
@ Saclay@ Saclay
Set up of a 3 MeV – 100 mA Set up of a 3 MeV – 100 mA proton beamproton beam
a.a.ECR Source (SILHI)ECR Source (SILHI)
b.b.3 MeV 352 MHz RFQ3 MeV 352 MHz RFQ
c.c.DiagnoticsDiagnotics
d.d.DumpDump
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BENE 17/03/05 12C. Cavata
A scale 1 Aluminium model of the RFQ
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BENE 17/03/05 13C. Cavata
provisional assessment of the first (1/6) RFQ Section
•Acceptable Leaking level : 5,65. 10-10 Pa. m3. s-1
•Positive RF Tests•First (1/6) RFQ section validated
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BENE 17/03/05 14C. Cavata
RF power
•RF installed, Waveguides connected to the 1.3 MW RF installed, Waveguides connected to the 1.3 MW loadload
•Cooling set up finalized (1MW in Cu)Cooling set up finalized (1MW in Cu)•RF Tests on load to begin soon 04-2005RF Tests on load to begin soon 04-2005..
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BENE 17/03/05 15C. Cavata
Diagnostics
Wire scanner and BPM installed in the LEB section and tested with SILHI (H+) Beam (100 keV 100 mA)
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BENE 17/03/05 16C. Cavata
Beam dump (300 kW)
Design done : Nickel
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BENE 17/03/05 17C. Cavata
Planning RFQ
N° Nom de la tâche
1 IPHI dans l'INB 482 Partie réglementaire9 Aménagements extérieurs aux halls10 Distribution électrique11 Aménagement bureaux labos. et PCP12 Système général de refroidissement et RF13 Refroidissement RFQ14 IPHI 100 keV15 Installation SILHI / LBE16 Essais SILHI 100 keV17 IPHI 3 MeV18 Fabrication prototype RFQ19 Installation du hall RF pour tests sur charge20 Fabrication des tronçons RFQ (y compris brasage et reprise)21 Assemblage système RF, RFQ, LHE, bloc d'arrêt22 Mise en place des protections bilogiques23 Conditionnement HF du RFQ24 Montée en puissance 3MeV pulsé -> CW25 Essais 3 MeV faisceau continu26 Tests chopper au CERN27 Démontage et transport vers le CERN28 Installation IPHI + chopper au CERN29 Conditionnement HF du RFQ30 Essais 3 MeV mode pulsé
01/11 30/06
01/11 31/12
05/02 31/08
01/07 30/01
12/04 10/01
13/01 31/05
01/10 30/11
07/07 31/03
18/05 31/03
28/12 26/05
01/12 10/05
29/05 14/07
17/07 12/01
15/01 10/07
11/07 11/09
15/01 16/11
19/11 21/12
24/12 16/05
T3 T4 T1 T2 T3 T4 T1 T2 T3 T4 T1 T2 T3 T4 T1 T2 T3 T4 T1 T2 T3 T4 T1 T2 T3 T4 T1 T2 T3 T4 T1 T2 T3 T4 T1 T2 T3 T4 T11999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
June 2007?
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C. Cavata BENE 17/03/05 18
Proton Driver Activities
@ Saclay
Superconducting Cavities
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C. Cavata BENE 17/03/05 19
Proton LINAC : Overall DesignProton LINAC : Overall Design
High Energy
SuperConducting Elliptical Cavities
(5-cell 704 MHz)
I njector
(352 MHz)
I ntermediateAcceleration
SC or NCResonators
500
MeV 600 MeV XADS
200
MeV
100
MeV
5M
eV
100
keV
SOURCE RFQ CH - DTL orQWR - Spoke
LowBeta=0.47
Medium Beta=0.65
High Beta=0.85
1-2 GeV EURI SOL
High Energy
SuperConducting Elliptical Cavities
(5-cell 704 MHz)
I njector
(352 MHz)
I ntermediateAcceleration
SC or NCResonators
500
MeV 600 MeV XADS
200
MeV
100
MeV
5M
eV
100
keV
SOURCE RFQ CH - DTL orQWR - Spoke
LowBeta=0.47
Medium Beta=0.65
High Beta=0.85
1-2 GeV EURI SOL
High Energy
SuperConducting Elliptical Cavities
(5-cell 704 MHz)
High Energy
SuperConducting Elliptical Cavities
(5-cell 704 MHz)
I njector
(352 MHz)
I ntermediateAcceleration
SC or NCResonators
500
MeV 600 MeV XADS
200
MeV
100
MeV
5M
eV
100
keV
SOURCE RFQ CH - DTL orQWR - Spoke
LowBeta=0.47
Medium Beta=0.65
High Beta=0.85
1-2 GeV EURI SOL
I njector
(352 MHz)
I ntermediateAcceleration
SC or NCResonators
500
MeV 600 MeV XADS
200
MeV
100
MeV
5M
eV
100
keV
SOURCE RFQ CH - DTL orQWR - Spoke
LowBeta=0.47
Medium Beta=0.65
High Beta=0.85
1-2 GeV EURI SOL
SPLEUROTRANS
CW or Pulsed LINAC
Niobium Superconducting
Cavities
Spoke Elliptical
QWR
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C. Cavata BENE 17/03/05 20
Quarter Wave Resonator 88 Quarter Wave Resonator 88 MHz MHz = 0.07 = 0.07Design, Manufacturing, Chemistry, Assembly
RF Tests in vertical cryostat at Saclay
Intermediate AccelerationIntermediate Acceleration
SRF Workshop – G. Devanz et al. (July 2005)
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C. Cavata BENE 17/03/05 21
High Energy : Low-High Energy : Low-
Design and Manufacturing of Design and Manufacturing of
Low-Low- Elliptical Cavity Elliptical Cavity
( 5-cell 700 MHz ( 5-cell 700 MHz = 0.47 ) = 0.47 )
SRF’2005 Workshop – G. Devanz et al.
Cold Tuning System and Cold Tuning System and High Power CouplerHigh Power Coupler
( 1 MW pulsed mode )( 1 MW pulsed mode )
Cavity expected at Saclay mid-2006Cavity expected at Saclay mid-2006
Mutual interest with CARE/SRFMutual interest with CARE/SRF
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C. Cavata BENE 17/03/05 22
Nb Cavity ( CEA Saclay / IPN Orsay )Nb Cavity ( CEA Saclay / IPN Orsay )
5-cell 700 MHz 5-cell 700 MHz = 0.65 = 0.65
LINAC’2004 – B. Visentin et al.
A5.01 Rres = 2.2 nW
1,E-09
1,E-08
1,E-07
1,E-06
0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6
1 / T ( K-1 )
R( W )
RS = RBCS + Rres
RBCS
Halbritter's Code
1E+08
1E+09
1E+10
1E+11
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
Eacc ( MV/m )
Q0
Vertical Cryostat (Fast Cooling)
Horizontal Test in CryHoLab (B1)
quench
Design, Manufacturing, Chemistry, Assembly
RF Tests in vertical and horizontal cryostat ( Cry-Ho-Lab ) at Saclay
High Energy : Medium-High Energy : Medium-
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C. Cavata BENE 17/03/05 23
Technological InfrastructuresTechnological Infrastructures
( Chemistry – Clean Room – CryHoLab )( Chemistry – Clean Room – CryHoLab )
at Disposal for European Collaborationsat Disposal for European Collaborations
5-cell
elliptical cavity
3-spoke
Cavity
Jülich
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C. Cavata BENE 17/03/05 24
Technological Infrastructure at SaclayTechnological Infrastructure at Saclay
Chemistry
High Pressure Rinsing
Clean Room (class 100)
Vertical CryostatsHorizontal Cryostat
Cry-Ho-Lab
RF Power
Klystron – IOT
1300 – 700 MHz
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C. Cavata BENE 17/03/05 25
Triple-Spoke Niobium Cavity ( FZ - Jülich )Triple-Spoke Niobium Cavity ( FZ - Jülich )
784 MHz 784 MHz = 0.2 = 0.2
Saclay contribution :
•Inner Surface Chemistry ( 100 m removed )
•High Pressure Rinsing
•Assembly in Clean Room (class 100)
•Transport to FZ Juelich (under vacuum)
Intermediate AccelerationIntermediate Acceleration
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C. Cavata BENE 17/03/05 26
Low-Low- Niobium Cavity ( INFN Milan ) Niobium Cavity ( INFN Milan )
5-cell 700 MHz 5-cell 700 MHz = 0.47 = 0.47
EPAC’2004 – A. Bosotti et al.
Z5.02 cavity - Rres = 7.5 nW
1,E-09
1,E-08
1,E-07
1,E-06
0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5
1 / T ( K-1 )
R ( W )
RBCS
RS = RBCS + Rres
Halbritter's Program
Z5.02 INFN Milan Nb 5-cell Cavity( RF Test @ Saclay in vertical cryostat )
Rres = 7,5 nW Eacc = 17 MV/m Q0 = 4.109
1E+09
1E+10
1E+11
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
Eacc ( MV/m )
Q0
Limited by RF pow er
and f ield emision
Chemistry, Assembly and RF Test in vertical cryostat at Saclay
Near future : Test in CryHoLab
High EnergyHigh Energy
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C. Cavata BENE 17/03/05 27
Proton Driver Activities
@ Saclay
Software
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BENE 17/03/05 28C. Cavata
Development and commercialization of codes
During the last decade, Saclay has developed several codes which form now a complete package to design a linac architecture and to simulate the beam behaviour in a linac:
● Design codes
● Transport codes
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BENE 17/03/05 29C. Cavata
Dissemination
These codes are used by international labs:• RAL (UK)• CERN • IPNO, LPSC, GANIL, (FRA)• JAERI (JAP)• GSI, IAP, FZJ (D)• INFN (ITA)• MSU, ORNL, LBNL, LANL (USA)• CAT (INDIA)
and companies:• HITACHI (JAP)• AES (USA)
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BENE 17/03/05 30C. Cavata
CARE participation
In the High Intensity Pulsed Proton Injector (HIPPI) JRA framework, these SW are used for :
• investigations on the beam neutralization effect
• modelization of an ECR ion source
• participation to the code benchmarking with other european labs (GSI, RAL, IAP Frankfurt)
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BENE 17/03/05 31C. Cavata
More ?
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BENE 17/03/05 32C. Cavata
0
10
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90
100
110
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
t(µs)
%
H+_100mA_95keV_4e- 5hPa_Rect-Rigid_1cm
protons
Fraction of SCC
Source SILHI (H+) and the Low Energy Beam
•Measurement of the Space Charge Conpensation (A.Benismail PhD)
•Emitance measurements
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BENE 17/03/05 33C. Cavata
RF coupling for the RFQ
The .Los Alamos scheme (LEDA)Is not optimal
A /4 transition is being tested. Preliminary resulsts are promising
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BENE 17/03/05 34C. Cavata
Beam neutralization principle
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1
r(m )
E(V/m
)
potential well 0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1
r(m)
V(v)
residual gas (H2) in the beam transport line
Electrical neutralization is performed by e- trapping in the potential well of the beam. H2
+ ions are repelled to the pipe
Let's consider a 100 mA proton beam @ 100 keV in a LEBT
electricalfield
Production of e- and H2+ ions by ionization of
residual gas
p + H2 p + e- + H2+
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BENE 17/03/05 35C. Cavata
Beam neutralization: background
• People (including us) use to simulate the beam dynamic with full space charge or, sometimes, without space charge assuming a perfect neutralization (each proton is married to an e-).
• But experiments and some theoretical analysis showed that the situation is more complex.
• The beam charge may be partially compensated and the neutralizing distribution is not similar to the beam one.
• This may lead to emittance growth.
• The transcients may be problematic for pulsed machines.
• We aim to study this topic using a PIC code (Cartago) in a first approach, in 2D (XY and RZ). Collisions MUST be included to refine the predictions for the equilibrium.
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BENE 17/03/05 36C. Cavata
Beam neutralization: DC proton beam in a drift
0
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0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
t(µs)
%
H+_100mA_95keV_4e- 5hPa_Rect-Rigid_1cm
0
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0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
t(µs)
%
H-_100mA_95keV_4e- 5hPa_Rect-Rigid_1cm
Observed by R. Baartman and D. Yuan, "Space-Charge Neutralization Studies of an H- Beam", EPAC88.
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BENE 17/03/05 37C. Cavata
ECR source modelization
• Loss predictions of beam dynamics codes are very sensitive to input distributions.
• A better optical quality at the beginning of the injector increases the efficiency and simplifies the strategy for the implementation of collimators.
• We can dream also to increase the performances in term of reliability, rise time, ...
WHY?
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BENE 17/03/05 38C. Cavata
ECR source: the basics
Permanent Permanent magnetsmagnets
CoilsCoils
plasmaplasma
RFRF
ExtractionExtraction
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BENE 17/03/05 39C. Cavata
Examples of simulations
These first simulations show that the chamber geometry may impact on the source performances.
Ey in plasma chamberEz
Ey
TE10
mode isinjected
Cylindrical boxRectangular box
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BENE 17/03/05 40C. Cavata
Code benchmarking