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DENTURE TEETH
Smriti Narayan Thakur,1st year,P.G residen
Department of Prosthodontics and MaxillProsthetics,PDCH
25-12-2011
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Content Defenition
History Functions
Desirable characteristcs
Classification of Denture Teeth Conclusion
References
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DEFINITION
PROSTHETIC TEETH are the artifi
substitutes for the missing natural teeth umade of porcelain or plastic.
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HISTORY 700 B.C.: tooth
replacements included
wood, bone, ivory
teeth(carved by skilled
artisans) and artificial
teeth attached tonatural dentitions with
ligature or fixed to the
metal plate held in the
mouth
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15th century: 1st known European den
included hinge device with upper and lo
teeth set carved from a single material
than individual unit.
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18th century: use of porcelain for dentu
construction
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FUNCTIONS
The functions of prosthetic teeth are toRestore the esthetic, phonetic and mas
functions of the missing natural teeth.
Transmit forces to the denture base thrwhich they may be distributed by the
prosthesis to all teeth and tissues conta
by rigid parts of the denture.
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Maintain the integrity of the arch by su
missing proximal contacts.
Maintain the position of opposing teeth
supplying missing incisal and occlusal
contacts.
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DESIRABLE CHARACTERISTI
The desirable characteristics specific forprosthetic teeth are:
Have the color(shade), translucency, siz
shape, and characterization similar to tnatural teeth they replace.
Be easily shaped with conventional de
burs
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Be easily characterized with convention
dental stains.
Have a hardness and abrasion resistanc
similar to the opposing enamel or dent
material.
Chemically bond to the denture base m
or RPD alloy to which they are attached
Be resistant to staining by oral fluids an
Microorganisms.
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Be chemically inert.
Be odorless and tasteless and not pick u
odors or tastes from oral fluids.Have a surface which is dense to avoid
harboring oral fluids and microorganism
Be capable of being cleaned by customhygiene technics and materials.
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Be of low initial cost and inexpensively
repaired or replaced.
Be capable of being repaired and replaccustomary dental technics and materia
Be strong enough to resist the forces w
will be applied.Not soften or warp in hot water or
conventional denture cleansing solutio
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Classification of Prosthetic T
Based on materialBased on the morphology o
Acrylic teethPorcelain teeth
Inter-penetrating polymer network resin
teeth (IPN resin)
Gold occlusalsAcrylic resin with amalgam stops
Anatomic teeth
Semi-anatomic teeth
Non-anatomic teeth. Or
0o/Cuspless teethCross-bite teeth
Metal insert teeth.
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Acrylic teeth Acrylic resins, introduced in 1937 .
simple processing technique
Relative low cost of fabrication process
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ACRYLIC TEETH Plastic denture teeth/acrylic teeth hav
following advantages :Natural appearance & sound.
ease in adjustment
Restoration of surface polish.Break & chip resistance.
Last life of denture (5-7 years)
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Can be custom stained to match the cand characterization of the natural teet
Bond to most heat cured denture base A li d t t th h th f ll i
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Acrylic denture teeth have the following
disadvantages in comparison to porcelai
denture teeth:
Less wear resisstance-result in vertical
dimension.
Tendency to dull in appearance during
Less esthetic
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Major problem with acrylic teeth Tooth debonding, usually in the anterior regio
denture.
Cause of detachment-
lesser ridge lap surface area available fobonding
Direction of the stresses encountered function
S. B. Patil, B. H. Naveen and N. P. Patil, Bonding acrylic teeth to acry
denture bases: a review, Gerodontology 2006; 23; 131139
Processes affect the achievement of a bond b
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Processes affect the achievement of a bond b
the acrylic teeth and denture base resin:
The polymerising denture base resin must
into physical contact with the denture toot
The polymer network of denture base resin
must react with the acrylic tooth polymer t
an interwoven polymer network (IPN)
S. B. Patil, B. H. Naveen and N. P. Patil, Bonding acrylic teeth to acry
denture bases: a review, Gerodontology 2006; 23; 131139
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Debonding may be the result of incompatible s
conditions at the tooth and base interface.
The factors that contribute to this discrepan
Contamination of the joining surfaces.
Difference in structure of the two compon
because of their different processing routes.
S. B. Patil, B. H. Naveen and N. P. Patil, Bonding acrylic teeth to acrylic res
bases: a review, Gerodontology 2006; 23; 131139
Porcelain teeth
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Porcelain teeth
Porcelain denture teeth have the
following advantages- More esthetic.
More dense surface which is hard, abrasive,
resistant, less prone to stains and easier to
clean. Greater wear resistance.
Beter retention of surface polish & finishing.
Not easily marreed or abraded during routine
polishing procedure .
Porcelain denture teeth have the followi
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Porcelain denture teeth have the followi
disadvantages
Difficulty in restoring surface polish after gr
Do not bond to the denture base resin.
Prone to chip or break if dropped on a hard s
Can not be used in where available denture
minimum.
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Click in function.
Accumulate stain around the gingival m
Abrade opposing natural teeth or teet
stored with resin or metal restorations
Must be mechanically attached to the base. The retentive pins and diatorics l
amount of tooth modification which ca
done
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COMPONENTS OF ARTIFICAL TEET
PORCELAIN anterior teeth-
metal pins for mechanical retention in the dent
base resin.
l i i h
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Porcelain posterior teeth
retentive reccesses (diatorics) in the ridge lap-Thedenture base ma-terial flows into the diatoric hole a
hardened locks the teeth in place
vent hloe in mesial & disatal aspect - Vent holes
an escape for air as the denture base material flows
diatoric hole.
COLLAR Id tifi f t th t b d
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COLLAR -Identifies area of tooth to be covered
by denture base material.
RIDGE LAP Area which normally overlaps
alveolar ridge.
PIN Gold alloy pin used to secure porcelain
anterior teeth in the denture base.
DOT Identifies 1st and 2nd upper premolar
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DOT Identifies 1st and 2nd upper premolar
molars. 1 dot = 1st premolars and 1st molars,
2nd premolars and 2nd molars. Dots are alwa
mesial to facilitate identifying rights and lefts DASH Identifies 1st and 2nd lower premola
molars. 1 dash = 1st premolars and 1st molar
dashes = 2nd premolars and 2nd molars. Dash
always on mesial to facilitate identifying rightlefts.
Dot
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FINISHING LINE A ledge used as a guid
trimming the wax on the denture base
material.
Lingual Finish
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ACRYLIC & PORCELAIN TE
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DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ACRYLIC & PORCELAIN TE
PROPERTY ACRYLIC PORCELAIN
Abrasion resistance Low High
Bonding Chemical mechanicalAdjustability Easy difficult
Staining Easyily Not stain
Percolation Absent Present
Clicking sound Absent Present
Ease of fabrication Easy Difficult
Ease of rebasing Difficult to remove acrylic teeth Easy to remove acr
Truma to denture bearing area Less More
Adjustability Easy difficult
Paul Mercie,Franois Bellavance,Effect of Artificial Tooth Mate
on Mandibular Residual Ridge Resorption, J Can Dent Assoc 2
68 6 :346-50
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IPN RESIN TEETH
Interpentrating polymer network resin
IPN - material developed by inorganic microfiller ma
with an optimally matched particle size distribution
integrated into the polymer network.
i
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Properties Outstanding abrasion strength
Tissue friendly
Resistant to plaque
Colour stable
Chipping-free grinding
Outstanding impact strength Reduced absorption of water
Exceptional polishing properties also after grindin
Good bonding with the denture base material
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Effects
Long life of the prosthesis
High degree of biocompatibility
Excellent wearing comfort
Given the appropriate conditions, particular
suitable for implant restorations.
Very quick acceptance of the dental restorat
patients
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Benefits
Reliable/safe manufacturing process of
prostheses
Patient satisfaction in all aspects
Image building and maintenance for delaboratory and practice
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Cosmo HXL
Material - 90 % HXL polymers (highly cross link
10 % INPEN polymers
Shades - 14 V - Shades, w/o B1 & C1
Posterior cuspation - 23 - 25
Mould system - T - Tapered, 11 moulds
R - Rounds, 4 moulds
S - Square, 7 moulds
Forms Anterior Upper (22 forms)
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Forms - Anterior Upper (22 forms)
Anterior Lower (7 forms)
Posterior Upper (5 forms)
Posterior Lower (5 forms)
exceptionally high wear resistance
stain resistanceperfect color stability.
l l l
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Gold occlusal
considered to be best material to opp
natural tooth.
very expensive
require log fabrication time . so it is avoided.
d
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Indications
History of occlusal attrition
Bruxism
Orofacial tardive dyskinesia,
Self-induced excessive chewing, Idiopathic parafunctional mandibular
movement.
ADVANTAGES
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Improved wear ressistance.
Bonding capibility eith denture base res
Improve masticatory efficiency.
Not as moisy as porcelain teeth.
Strengthn the denture
DISADVANTAGES
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Cost metal insert teeth
Not be as esthetic as other artificial tee
T h i
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Technique
Remove the posterior teeth from the wax trial denture.
After cleaning the denture teeth, position the teeth with the osurfaces facing upward in the lower half of a denture flask fille
dental stone.
Coat the set stone with a separating medium
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Flasking done .
Trim away the gingival 23 of the denture tee
Leave approximately 2 mm of denture tooth
as measured from the cusp tips to the under
of the cut surfaces.
cut away material from the underside of the
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y
that a uniform thickness of approximately 1.5
remains.
Place multiple small undercuts in the denturundersurfaces to serve as retention for the a
resin.
Attach sprue formers to the undersurfa
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Attach sprue formers to the undersurfa
the acrylic resin patterns.
Investment done.
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Investment done.
casting
After divesting thecastings, recover the gold
occlusal surfaces and
polish.
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Position the polished castings into
their respective sites in the flask.
Select a heat-activated or
chemical-activated resin that
matches the shade of the anteriorteeth.
f f
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After the acrylic resin has polymerized, defla
separate the teeth.
Polish with an assortment of burs pum
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Polish with an assortment of burs, pum
and polishing compound.
Inspect the goldacrylic junction for an
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p g y j
imperfections: voids, inclusions of debr
discolorations.
After the gold occlusal surface denture
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After the gold occlusal surface denture
have been fabricated, reposition them
wax trial denture.
Due to the dimensional changes in the processing of
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acrylic resin and minor alterations to the occlusal su
during the finishing and polishing.
The tooth relationships may need to be altered to a
desired occlusal scheme.
wax try-in before final processing
The processed mandibular complete de
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with gold occlusal surfaces
Acrylic resing with amalgam sto
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Acrylic resing with amalgam sto
occlusal preparation made on the acrylic te
Amlgam is condensed into the preparation occlusal correction is done in the articulato
Less expensive.
Based on the morphology of the
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Anatomic tooth
DEFENTIOIN-An anatomic tooth is one that is designed to simulat
natural tooth form. The standard anatomic tooth has inclines of
approximately 33 degree or more.
Teeth that have prominent cusps on the masticating surfaces a
designed to articulate with the teeth of the opposing natural o
dentition
Anatomic teeth with cuspal inclinations greater than 0 degrees
to replica natural tooth anatomyusage cusp teeth (30 to 45 d
considered anatomic teeth. -GPT -8
ADVANTAGES
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ADVANTAGESMore efficient in cutting & grinding food.
Less masticatory effort & forces are needed.
Balanced occlusion can be achived in eccen
positions( protrusive, rt.& lt. lateral mvt.).
Cuspfossa relationship helps to guidedibl i t t i l i
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mandible into centric occlusion.
Aesthetically & psychologically accepta
Physical contours closely resemble natu
teeth so more compatible to the oral
Disadvantages
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Disadvantages
Magnify the horizontal forces acting on
ridge.
Teeth setting crusial to obtain proper
occlusion.
Semianatomic Teeth
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Cusp angles ranging between 0
degree to 30 degree.
cusp angle usually around 20
degree.
Also called as modified anatomic
teeth
Development
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Development
In 1922 - victor sears designed 1st semi anatomic tee
Also called as Channel tooth.Consisted of
Mesiodistal groove in all maxillary posterior teeth.
Mesiodistal ridge in all mandibular posterior tee
Designed for unlimited protrusive movement & limited lateral movement
b h d f d h
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In 1930- avery brothers modified chan
tooth called as scissor teeth.
Oppsite of the channel tooth .
Grooves and ridges run buccolingually
that protrusive movement limited & lat
movement free.
Designed to shear food in the lateral
direction.
Nonanatomic Teeth
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O degree or cuspless Teeth .
Defenition -The term nonanatomic as applartificial posterior teeth, and especially their
forms, means that such teeth are designed in
accordance with mechanical principles rathe
from the viewpoint of anatomic replication. - I. R. Hardy -first introduced nonanatomic tee
flat occlusal surfaces set to a flat occlusal pla
Hall in 1929 designed 1st cuspless tooth- ninverted cusp tooth
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inverted cusp tooth.
The occlusal surfaces flat with concentric c
depressions producing sharp conncenrtic rid
around central depression.
In 1929 Myerson Truekusp Teeth.
Teeth had buccolingual ridges on the ccclu
surfaces of both maxillary & mandibular tee
The ridges of opposing teeth were parallel
other.
In 1934 ,Nelson
chopping block
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In this design -the maxillary teeth mesiodis
ridges & the mandibular teeth buccolingridges.
Ridges occluded perpendicular to each othe
increasing the masticatory efficiency.
In 1939 swenson designed the Non-
h
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tooth.
Occlusal surface flat with sluiceways.
Single buccal & lingual incline
Advantages
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In patient with bruxism decrease the force
on the basal tissues.
Greter range of movements is possible.
Use in patients with neuromuscular disorderjaw relation can not be recorded.
Hi hl b d id
Disadvantages
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Give unaesthetic appearance .
Masticatory efficiency is less.
Balanced occlusion can not be obtaine
occlusion is in two dimensions where
mandibular movement is in three dime Attempt to correct these teeth by occlu
grinding decrease their efficiency.
Cross bite teeth
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In 1927 Gysi designed cross bite teeth.
Buccal cusp -maxillary teeth absent but la
palatal cusp present which rest on the lowe
Used in jaw discrepancy cases leading to a
posterior cross bite relationship.
Metal insert teeth
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1st designed by Hardy.
Also called as vitallium occlusal.
Each tooth look like the fusion of two premo
one molar.
Vitallium ribbon is embedded in a zigzag pat
th l l f
The vitallium metal is slightly rasied ab
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occlusal surface.
on occlusion metal to metal contact p
greater cutting efficiency.
Mold & shade identificatio
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Artificial teeth are available in numero
mold & shades.
Identifying codes are not standard thro
out the industry.
Trubyte bioform mold numbering s
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Left part of the tooth mounting card
two numbers & one letter.
1st number- classification of mold
1- square 5. tapering ovoid
2. square tapering 6. ovoid
3. square ovoid 7. tapering ovoid
4. tapering
The second number indicates- the too
long medium or short
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long,medium or short.
1. long ,straight
2. medium,straight
3. short,straight
4. long curved
5. medium, curved
6. short.curved.
The letter indicateswidth of all six anteeth set on a curve.
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teeth set on a curve.
B - less than 44mm.
C - 44 to 46 mm
D - 46 to 48mm
E - 48 to 50 mm
F or X - 50 to 52 mm
G - 52 to 54mm H - 54 to 56 mm
J & above 56mm
Conclusion
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No one tooth is ideal for all types of
. Every artificial tooth has some adva& disadvantages for both clinical & ma
poin of view. So select the artifical toot
according to patient clinical condition aas his /her expectation.
References
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Patrick M. Lloyd , Laboratory Fabrication of Gold Occlusal Surfaces
Removable and Implant- Supported Prostheses, J.Prosthodont 2003 Sears VH. Thirty years of nonanatomic teeth. J PROSTHET DENT 1953; 3:59
THE GLOSSARY OF PROSTHODONTIC TERMS -8.
Essential of complete prosthodontics 2nd editionsheldon winkler.
Dental laboraory procedures complete denture . Vol-1 Rudd & Morrow
Harlod R.Ortman,complete denture occlusion ,Dental clinics of North Am
vol. 21,No.2,1977.
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Paul Mercie,Franois Bellavance,Effect of Artificial T
Material on Mandibular Residual Ridge Resorption, JAssoc 2002; 68(6):346-50.
S. B. Patil, B. H. Naveen and N. P. Patil, Bonding acryl
acrylic resin denture bases: a review, Gerodontology
131139