Download - Properties of Liquids and Gasese
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Chapter 17.2 and 17.3Notes
Mrs. Neistadt
Physical Science
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Chapter 17.2 Notes• DQ: Concept Review Question #4:
Would a cube of solid silver sink or float in liquid silver? How do you know? (pg 301)
– Solid silver is more dense than liquid silver. A solid silver rock would sink if dropped into a liquid pool of silver.
• Liquids tend to be less dense than when in their solid form.
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17.2 Density of Fluids
• The mass is the same- but in liquids, the atoms are able to spread out, which makes their volume bigger.
• The atoms are spread out causing most liquids to be less dense than solids.
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17.2 Density of Water• *Water is an exception.
– *Ice is less dense than liquid water, so ice floats.
– Water molecules are more tightly packed when in liquid form.
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17.3 Buoyancy of Fluids Notes
• *What is buoyancy?
• *Buoyancy- is the measure of upward force a fluid exerts on an object.
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Archimedes’ Principle
In third Century BC, a Greek Mathematician named Archimedes discovered:
• *The force exerted on an object in liquid is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the object.
• *This relationship is called
Archimedes’ Principle
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Archimedes’ Principlein action:
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What is Buoyancy?
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*Buoyancy and Gases
• *In 1787 Jacques Charles discovered a principle that describes the forces that allow gases to float.
• This force explains why balloons filled with helium or hot air will float.
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Buoyancy and Gases• *Charles’ Law- The volume of gas
increases with increasing temperature; the volume of gas decreases with decreasing temperature
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Examples of Charles’ Law:
• Soccer ball left outside on cold night
• Bicycle/Car tires in the winter
• Party balloons left in a hot car
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Boyle’s Law
• A law explaining the relationship between gas, pressure and volume is Boyle’s Law.
• You see Boyle’s Law in action when you observe gases under high pressure:– Fire extinguishers– Spray cans– Even volcanoes!
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Boyle’s Law*Boyle’s Law- as the pressure of a gas increases, its volume decreases; as the pressure of a gas decreases, its volume increases.
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Charles Law & Boyle’s Law
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*Properties of Liquids• *Viscosity is the measure of a material’s resistance to flow.– High Viscosity= high resistance to flow
Ketchup, yogurt, honey– Low Viscosity= low resistance to flow
oil, water, juice
Low
High
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Why are some liquids more viscous?
• *The shape of the molecules in the liquid determine the viscosity.
• Bigger, bumpier molecules = more viscosity
• *The temperature of the liquid also determines viscosity.
• Higher temperature = less viscosity (pours quickly)
• Lower temperature = more viscosity (pours slowly)
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Examples of Viscosity:
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Summarize: Explain in your own words:
• Explain these ideas and give examples of each:
1.Archimedes’ Principle.
2.Boyle’s Law.
3.Charles’ Law.