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Promoting Energy Efficiency in Sub-Saharan Africa
Steps thus far in mainstreaming resource efficiency in building codes in East Africa
ELITH Workshop, Kampala
Goodman Conrad Kazoora
Regional Project Manager, Urban Energy Unit [email protected]
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Context
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2 Thirds of Africans have no access to electricity
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2 Thirds of Africans have no access to electricity
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6 Transition Towards Sustainable Building, April 2014
Energy use in Africa vs the rest
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Energy use in Africa vs the rest
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Strange but true
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Africa vs the rest
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Kenya
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Africa vs the rest
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Could this be Africa’s chance to lead?
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View Park Towers ,
Nairobi
Victoria Towers ,Upperhill,
Nairobi
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Hilton Hotel, Kampala Mapeera house Kampala
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Kigali, Rwanda
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Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania
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Why did we take this direction?
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Rather than this?
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Green wash
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Green wash
Disinformation disseminated by an organization, etc., so as to
present an environmentally responsible public image; a public
image of environmental responsibility promulgated by or for
an organization, etc., but perceived as being unfounded or
intentionally
misleading.”
—Oxford English Dictionary
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Queen Elizabeth NP, Uganda
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QE Bush Lodge
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QE Bush Lodge
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QE Bush Lodge
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Kazinga View resort
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Kazinga View resort
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Kazinga View resort
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Energy Use in Africa
• Energy used in buildings in Africa is
estimated at 56% of the total national
electricity consumption. Big cities consume
more than 75 % of all electricity generated.
• Majority of modern buildings in most African
countries with tropical climates - are replica
of building designs from western countries
with cold and temperate climates.
• Between 50-60% of power generation in the
region come mainly from hydro-power
plants.
• Energy generation’s capacity is being
stretched by rapid population growth,
increased urbanization, growing industries
and climate change.
• Energy demand increases annually by 8%
against an almost stable supply, creating a
huge energy deficit. There is therefore, the
need for energy efficiency and renewable
energy.
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Promoting Energy Efficiency in Buildings in East Africa
• Developed and executed by UN-Habitat in collaboration with the governments of
Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania, Rwanda, Burundi and the United Nations Environment
Programme (UNEP).
• It is a five-year program (2011-2015), co-funded by the Global Environment Fund
(GEF) and the five East Africa governments.
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Objectives
• To Mainstream Energy Efficiency
Measures into Housing policies,
Building Codes and building
practices in East Africa
• To achieve considerable
avoidance of GHG emissions as a
result of improved EE building
practices.
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Targets
• Estimated Emission Reduction in 20
years:
Direct CO2 reduction: 3,629,996 ton;
Indirect CO2 saving: 3,937,500 ton.
Other Targets
• Energy consumption reduction in new buildings by 30% - 50%;
• Energy savings in existing buildings by 10 % - 30 %;
• Improved indoor thermal comfort;
• Enhanced property value;
• Increased number of people with access to modern energy;
• Adoption of Energy/Resource Efficient
Building Code.
• 400,000 units (governmental mass
housing), 100 buildings retrofitted
(commercial and private sector),
built under energy efficiency
standards.
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Programme Components
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EE Building codes EE standards & certification
Awareness and capacity building
Baseline d
ata
and
benchm
ark
ing
EE g
uid
elines a
nd
train
ing m
ate
rials
Fin
ancia
l to
ols
&
Mark
et
mechanis
m
Dem
onstr
ation p
roje
cts
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Main steps in the development of an EEBC
• Review of the existing building
regulations and identify gaps
related to energy issues;
• Analyze the energy performance
of the existing buildings stock
through energy audits;
• Collect climatic data and classify
the different climatic zones of the
country;
• Develop building
recommendations according to
the different climatic zones.
Main Climatic zones of Uganda
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What should be addressed in the EEBC?
The EEBC provides the requirements that provide a
better comfort to the occupants by using energy in an
efficient way.
Preference is on the adoption of passive methods as
oppose to actives systems.
The EEBC address the following components of a
buildings:
1- Building envelop: (foundation, wall, roof, openings
etc.);
2- Building systems: orientation, shape, solar protection,
ventilation, lighting, cooling, heating, humidity protection,
water heating etc.
3- Resources efficiency: use of renewable energies, rain
water harvesting, building footprint, vegetation;
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• The energy efficient building code addresses the following building
design prescriptions that relate to energy efficiency:
• Passive design strategies
• Building orientation
• Building shape and configuration
• Building materials
• Building envelope
• Natural ventilation
• Natural lighting
• Natural Cooling
• Passive Heating
NB: For each component, minimum performance value are given and
the building has to comply.
Building design prescriptions related to EEB
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Tools
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Workshops
• Energy Efficiency in Building Codes workshop (Kigali
2013)
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Some achievements
• Rwanda Building code
adopted in July 2015 with
EEB prescriptions
• Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania and
Burundi still in the process
Energy/Resource efficient Building Code has the highest potential of saving energy in buildings over a long run.
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Resource Efficiency Measures: Solar Hot Water
• A- Mandatory Solar Water Heating System in
the following building classes:
• Public buildings
• Residential Estate Schemes
• Hotel Schemes
• B- Residential facilities, hotels and hospitals
etc. with a centralized system shall have solar
water heating for 70% of the design capacity.
• C- All new residential buildings must be fitted
with a solar water heating system, which
amount to at least 70% of the hot water
demand.
• Kenya and Zimbabwe just adopted a regulation
on mandatory use of solar hot water system.
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Uganda
Tanzania
Kenya
Burundi
Nigeria
Senegal
Cameroon
DRC
Gabon
CAR
Chad
Angola
Equatorial Guinea
e.t.c
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Other recent developments
• University curriculum
• The Machakos Declaration
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