Download - PROLACTIN IN MAMMALS By: Megan the epic M, Erica the fried squid pickel, Abby, Alyssa, Katie, Hiba
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PROLACTIN IN MAMMALSBy: Megan the epic M, Erica the fried squid pickel, Abby, Alyssa, Katie, Hiba
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GLAND
• Prolactin is produced in the pituitary gland in response to pregnancy and nursing.
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• Peptide-based
• It is a pituitary polypeptide
• Alpha helix folded
BASE
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PATHWAY/MECHANISM
• Peptide hormone binds to a receptor on the outside of the cell membrane which activates the Jak2 kinase. Stat5, a transcription factor, is activated by Jak2. Stat5 then goes into the nucleus and hooks onto the DNA triggering a cellular response.
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PROLACTIN’S CELLULAR RESPONSE
• Differentiation of the mammary gland which causes the production of the milk proteins.
• WAP- encodes for milk proteins
• BLG- encodes for milk proteins
• Casein- encodes for milk proteins
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NEGATIVE FEEDBACK LOOP
• Suckling is the major stimulus of prolactin production
• Thyrotropin-releasing factor stimulated by hypothalamus.
• TRH is sent to pituitary gland
• Pituitary gland releases prolactin
• Prolactin stimulates milk production in breasts beginning in late pregnancy and sustained after birth.
• When the mother no longer needs to produce milk, dopamine inhibits prolactin by signaling the hypothalamus to stop.
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ALTERING PATHWAY
• In malignant tissues prolactin fails to trigger, differentiation, and instead enhances breast epithelial survival and motility.
• Prolactin, when over-expressed, inhibits apoptosis in cervical cancer cells