ThismaterialisbaseduponworksupportedbytheNationalScienceFoundationunderGrantNo.DRL-1612554.Anyopinions,findings,andconclusionsor
recommendationsexpressedinthismaterialarethoseoftheauthor(s)anddonotnecessarilyreflecttheviewsoftheNationalScienceFoundation.
ProjectHarvest:ACo-CreatedCitizenScienceRainwaterHarvestingPrograminRuralandUrbanArizonaCommunities NSFAward1612554MónicaRamírez-Andreotta,MPA,PhD,AssistantProfessorDepartmentofSoil,Water&EnvironmentalScienceDivisionofCommunity,Environment&Policy(joint)UniversityofArizona,Tucson,[email protected]
20192ndCobreValleyForumonWaterTuesday,April92019
Rob Root, and Norma Villagomez-Marquez
ProjectTeam-LasPromotoras
TheresaFoleyTucson
ImeldaCortezTucson
MargaretDeweyDewey-
Humboldt
PalmiraHenriquezTucson
MiriamJonesGlobe/Miami
LisaOchoaHayden/
Winkelman
AvivaO’NeilTucson
37Mhouseholdsparticipatedinfoodgardeningathome,3millionatacommunitygarden
• 76%ofthehouseholdsgrewvegetablesGardensareapublichealthsolutionto:
– Increasingaccesstowholesomefoods– Improvingcommunitybuildingefforts– Creatinggreenspace– Reducingthecostoffoods Photocredits:MaxLiboironandDorseyKaufmann
Roxbury,MA
Tucson,AZ
Soilscanbeasinkforpollutantsandmayposeathreattopublichealth
Gardensarehubsforpublichealthinterventionandenvironmentalhealthliteracyefforts
ImageCredits:FlorSandovalandAnnMarieWolf,Sonora
EnvironmentalResearchInstitute
Conservingwater+reducingheatislandeffectthroughrainwaterharvesting
Whatisthequalityofmyharvestedrainwater?
PublicParticipation/CitizenScience
PeerEducation InformationDesign
Intentionalcollaborationswherethepublicengagesresearchtogeneratenewscience-basedknowledge
Shirk, J. L., H. L. Ballard, C. C. Wilderman, T. Phillips, A. Wiggins, R. Jordan, E. McCallie, M. Minarchek, B. V. Lewenstein, M. E. Krasny, and R. Bonney. 2012. Public participation in scientific research: a framework for deliberate design. Ecology and Society 17(2): 29. Hunter JB, de Zapien JG, Papenfuss M, Fernandez ML, Meister J, Giuliano AR. The Impact of a Promotora on Increasing Routine Chronic Disease Prevention among Women Aged 40 and Older at the U.S.-Mexico Border. Health Education & Behavior. 2004; 31, 18S-28S.
Peoplewhosharesimilarsocialbackgroundsorlifeexperiencesaresharinginformationwithpeers
Presentinginformationthatfostersefficientandeffectiveunderstanding;tohelpparticipantsmakeinformeddecisions
Peoplewhosharesimilarsocialbackgroundsorlifeexperiencesaresharinginformationwithpeers
Aretherepollutantsinharvestedrainwater?Ifso,dothesepollutantsgettrappedinsoils?Doplantsaccumulatethesepollutants?Ifso,couldpollutantsinhomegrownfoodaffecthealth?
Researchquestions
Howdoesenvironmentalmonitoringmethod(LABvs.DIY)affectaparticipant’senvironmentalhealthliteracy?
Environmentalhealthliteracyis1) Knowledgeandawarenessofenvironmentalexposures,2)Skillsandself-efficacytoprotecthealth,3)Communityactiontoprotectcollectivehealth.
HowdoesparticipationinProjectHarvestaffectaparticipant’senvironmentalhealthliteracy?
Howdoesthemethodofdatasharingaffectaaffectaparticipant’senvironmentalhealthliteracy?
ResearchQuestions
Adaptedfrom:Gray,K.M.FromContentKnowledgetoCommunityChange:AReviewofRepresentationsofEnvironmentalHealthLiteracy.InternationalJournalofEnvironmentalResearchandPublicHealth2018,15,466,doi:10.3390/ijerph15030466.
ProjectHarvestCommunities
Dewey-Humboldt
Hayden-Winkelman
Globe-Miami
Dewey-Humboldt• IronKingMine&HumboldtSmelterSuperfundSite• 4millionm3minetailings
Globe-Miami• CopperSmelter• RodMill• OpenPitMine
Hayden-Winkelman• ASARCOHaydenPlantSuperfundAlternativeSitewithsmelter,concentrator,Kennecottsmelter&tailings
Tucson• TIAASuperfundSite• OtherToxicReleaseInventorySites
ProjectHarvestisactiveinfourArizonacommunities
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
#Activ
eParticipants
Dewey-Humboldt Globe/Miami Hayden/Winkelman Tucson
Rural
Urban
ParticipantMethods-DIY
ParticipantMethods-Lab
HarvestedRainwaterSamplesarecollectedfourtimesayear.
Microbial Inorganic Organic
Totalcoliform* Arsenic* Atrazine
E.coli* Aluminum 2,4-D(2,4-Dichlorophenoxyaceticacid)
Barium Carbaryl
Beryllium Chlorpyrifos
Cadmium Nonylphenol
Chromium Pentachlorophenol(PCP)
Copper PFOA(Perfluorooctanoicacid)
Lead PFOS(Perfluorooctanesulfonicacid)
Manganese Prometon
Nickel Simazine
AllcontaminantslistedweretestedforLABsamples
*ContaminantsforDIYtests
Basedoncommunitylocation,aliteraturereview,andanalysesofexistingnationaldatasets,thecontaminantsbelowwereselected.
Howdoyouuseyourrainwater?Standards/advisoriesusedtoframeandinterpretrainwaterresults.
Assumption-HarvestedrainwaterisNOTforhumanconsumptionatthistime.
Differentstandards/advisorieswereselectedbasedon:• HowProjectHarvestparticipantscurrentlyusetheirharvestedrainwater• Promotorarecommendationsandpreferences• Availabilityofusefulstandardsoradvisories
SourcesofMicrobialContamination
• Generallyharmless,commontodigestivetracts• Naturallyoccurringintheenvironment,butmaybefromafecalsource
ColiformBacteria
• Afecalcoliform,canbebothnon-pathogenicandpathogenic
• E.coligenerallyfromfecalmatter,butcanalsobenaturallyoccurringintheenvironment
E.coli
• Canbeinfluencedbyparticulatessuchasclay,silt,algae,andmicroscopicorganisms
Turbidity(Relativeclarityofaliquid)
Whatcontaminantscouldbeinharvestedrainwater?Sourcesofmicrobialcontamination
Imagesource:https://chesapeakestormwater.net/wp-content/uploads/dlm_uploads/2018/10/Bacteria-Management-Report_final.pdf
Whatcontaminantscouldbeinharvestedrainwater?
Dust-Naturalandhuman-madefromresourceextraction• Mining
Whatcontaminantscouldbeinharvestedrainwater?
Exhaustfrom:• Automobiles• Powerplants• Airplanes
Whatcontaminantscouldbeinharvestedrainwater?
OrganicCompoundsfrom:• ApplicationofPesticides/herbicides• Pesticides/herbicidedrift
Whatcontaminantscouldbeinharvestedrainwater?
RoofingMaterials• Sealants• Cement• PaintCoatings
Whatcontaminantscouldbeinharvestedrainwater?
WaterHarvestingSystems• Cistern• Sealants• Plumbing
Wehavesuccessfullycompletedthe1styear(2017-2018)ofsampling!Wewouldliketogiveaspecialthankstoall163oftheArizonaProjectHarvestparticipantsfortheirefforts,motivationandpatiencethroughoutthisresearchproject.
PlayProjectHarvestvideoandNPRstory
Sevigny,M.November14,2018.LocalNPRstationKNAU.InArizonaMiningTown,GardenersandScientistsTeamUptoCheckforContamination.
http://www.knau.org/post/arizona-mining-town-gardeners-and-scientists-team-check-contamination
"ArizonaScience",inassociationwith"ScienceFriday”onthelocalNPRstationKUAZ.Episode154:TrainingtoTestRainwater.
https://radio.azpm.org/p/radio-azscience/2018/11/1/140257-episode-154-training-to-test-rainwater/
MónicaRamí[email protected]
Thankyouverymuch!
https://projectharvest.arizona.edu/
https://ramirez-andreotta.faculty.arizona.edu/https://gardenroots.arizona.edu/
