Download - Project Governance
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In this sessionWhat are governace models? Why are they important in FOSS projects?
Varieties of Governence models
Contribution management styles
Reflection on your own governance model
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What's Governance?
The roles and processes for decision making within a project
Gardler, R. Hanganu, G. et al – Governance Models
Informs potential contributors Assures potential users
Helps build sustainabilityRetains Control
Helps the project achieve its goals
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Governance in Ubuntuhttp://www.ubuntu.com/about/about-ubuntu/governance
Ensures...
1) There is a defined process that helps people contribute
2) Decisions are taken in a fair and transparent manner
3) Necessary decisions are taken, even when there's no clear consensus. There's also a clear path for appeal.
What's Governance?
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Styles of Governance
BenevolentDictatorship Meritocracy
(Formal)
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Benevolent Dictator
Gardler, R and Hanganu, G. et al - Benevolent dictator governance model
Folgel, K. - Producing Open Source Software
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● Sensitivity to your own influence● Letting people air ideas (even stupid ones)● Ability to acknowledge own mistakes● Ability to recognise good design● Personality
Folgel, K.
Qualities of a Benevolent Dictator
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Linus's take on being nice "If you want me to "act professional", I can tell you that I'm not
interested. I'm sitting in my home office wearign [sic] a bathrobe.
The same way I'm not going to start wearing ties, I'm *also* not
going to buy into the fake politeness, the lying, the office politics
and backstabbing, the passive aggressiveness, and the
buzzwords. Because THAT is what "acting professionally"
results in: people resort to all kinds of really nasty things because
they are forced to act out their normal urges in unnatural ways."
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Meritocracy
"Power for those who earn it"
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Meritocracy
Gardler, R and Hanganu, G. et al – Meritocratic governance model
Helen contributes work to the project
Helen gains respect from peers
Respect gives Helen'svoice more weight in
discussions
Helen is elected orappointed to a leadership
position
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● Inclusive – Equality of opportunity● Operates on consensus rather than votes● "Lazy Consensus" helps expedite non-controversial decisions
Meritocracy
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Ubuntu – Striking a balance
Read the Ubuntu Governance handout
What are the roles?
How are decisions made?
Is it a Benevolent Dictatorship or a Meritocracy?
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Project Management
Raymond, E. - The Cathedral and the Bazaar
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Cathedral
● Small group of experts● Infrequent release cycle ● Heavily tested● Contributions subject to heavy review
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Bazaar
● Larger, less formal group● "Release Early, Release Often"● "With enough eyes, all bugs are shallow"● Responsive to user and tester feedback
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BenevolentDictator
FormalMeritocracy
Cathedral
Bazaar
Less open toparticipatory governance
More open toparticipatory governance
Less opento externalcontribution
More opento externalcontribution
GNU Emacs(c. 1997)
Ubuntu
Apache HTTPD
Apache OODT
Linux
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Reflection Activity
● Think about how decision are made within your project, and how contributions are handled
● Look at the graph of governance and contribution models
● Where does your project current sit?● Where do you think it should sit?
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Summary● Governance is important to define and communicate how your project operates● You need to strike the right balances to retain the right amount of control while inviting the right amount of contribution● There's no "one true way", it depends on your project's goals● Communicating your governance model effectively is important for managing the expectations of contributors
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Questions?
Cathedral, Frankfurt by Brian Burgerhttp://www.flickr.com/photos/wirelizard/1414035429/
Istanbul - Grand Bazaar by Roger Woolstadthttp://www.flickr.com/photos/24736216@N07/3498051077
Saint IGNUcius speaking by Beatrice Murchhttp://www.flickr.com/photos/blmurch/3001698026/
P1010100 by dazfuller
http://www.flickr.com/photos/68293811@N00/4043153407
Image Credits
ReferencesGardler, R and Hanganu, G. et al (2013) Governance Modelshttp://www.oss-watch.ac.uk/resources/governanceModels
Gardler, R. and Hanganu, G. et al (2013) Benevolent Dictator Governance Modelhttp://www.oss-watch.ac.uk/resources/benevolentdictatorgovernancemodel
Gardler, R. and Hanganu, G. et al (2013) Meritocratic Governance Modelhttp://www.oss-watch.ac.uk/resources/meritocraticGovernanceModel
Fogel, K. (2005) "What makes a good benevolent dictator?" Producing Open Source Softwarehttp://producingoss.com/html-chunk/social-infrastructure.html#benevolent-dictator
Raymond, E. (2000) The Cathedral and the Bazaarhttp://catb.org/~esr/writings/cathedral-bazaar/cathedral-bazaar/
Canonical Ltd. Governancehttp://www.ubuntu.com/about/about-ubuntu/governance
Linux Namesake argues in favour of being a jerkhttp://www.escapistmagazine.com/forums/read/7.822248-Linux-Namesake-Argues-In-Favor-Of-Being-A-Jerk