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Process Monitoring for Biological and Chemical Nutrient RemovalOWEA 2016 PLANT OPERATIONS & LABORATORY WORKSHOP
October 27, 2016
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Agenda
Why Consider Nutrient Removal?
Nitrogen Monitoring & Removal
Phosphorus Monitoring & Removal
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Why Nutrient Removal?
Required by Discharge Permit
Improve Water Quality (avoid future limit)
Increase Revenue (water quality trading)
Stabilize Process
Save Energy
Recover Nutrients (P)
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Energy Intensity Benchmarking
4
Joint WEF/WERF Webcast: Net‐Zero Energy Solutions for Water Resource Recovery Facilities
Wednesday, October 29th, 2014
1,412
1,9341,853
1,955
973
1,2491,118
1,202
0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
BasicSecondary
Nitrification BNR ENR
kW
h / M
G
Typical
Best Practice
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Human
WWTPPlantsIndustry
Agriculture
Rivers &
lakes
Sediments
Phosphate
rock
Discharge
SedimentationTectonic
uplift
Fertilization
Detergent
WeatheringRunoff
Mining
Cornel et al (2009)
P
Recovery
X
P Removal and Recovery
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Nitrogen Monitoring
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Cabinet Analyzer
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Ion Selective Electrode
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Specifications – IQSN Nutrient ISEs
Specification Ammonium Nitrate Potassium Chloride
Measuring Range
mg /L (as N)*
0.1 to 100 /
1.0 to 2,000
0.1 to 100
1.0 to 1,000
0.1 to 100
1.0 to 1,000
0.1 to 100
1.0 to 1,000
Resolution
mg /L (as N)*0.1 / 1.0 0.1 / 1.0 0.1 / 1.0 (as K) 0.1 / 1.0 (as Cl)
Response Time
min.< 3
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Response Time
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Automation of Wastewater Treatment Facilities, 3rd Edition, WEF MOP-21, WEF Press, Alexandria,
VA, 2007.
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Optical
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ISE vs. Optical Nitrate Monitoring -
Optical ISE
Measuring range, mg/L as N 60 / 150 0 to 1,000
Resolution 0.01 0.1
Pressure resistance, bar 1 0.2
Power Consumption, W Up to 8 0.2
Response time (t90), min. Programmable < 3
Temperature measurement No Yes
Additional Parameters / probeCOD/BOD/TOC,
NO2, TSS
NH4, K, Cl
Warranty (probe), yrs 2 2
Warranty (electrodes), yrs NA 1
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Nitrogen Removal
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The Microbiological Nitrogen Cycle
AOB
NOB
OHO NO2-
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Clarifier
Nitrogen Removal Configuration
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Anoxic Oxic
RAS
WW
NO3-N
NO3-N NO3-N
NH3 NO3NO3 N2
NO3
NH3
3-4 Q NO3-N
BOD
IMLR or NRCY
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Delaware County RSD
Anoxic Oxic
A NA N O HO
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Denitrification Process Control Chart
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4-Stage Bardenpho
BOD
NH3-N
NO3-N
Internal MLSS Recycle
3-4 Q NO3-N
Anoxic
Aerobic
Aerobic AerobicAnoxic
Distance
RAS
Q
Methanol
or Glycerin
3-5 mg/L
TN
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Denitrification Monitoring – WSSC Seneca
5 x NitraVis 701 TS (1 in each train) w/
supplemental air cleaning (MIQ/CHV)
Goals:
Effluent < 4.0 mg N/L (permit)
Effluent < 3.0 mg N/L ($300k credit)
Minimize Methanol
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N
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Step Feed Denitrification
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NYC DEP
63 x NitraVis 701 IQ
Goals:
Target Effluent TN = 7 to 8 mg N/L
Monitoring of oxic zone nitrate
Feed forward – Feedback control of
carbon addition (NIC-NOT)
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Phosphorus Monitoring
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Orthophosphate (PO43-)
Environmental P is Phosphate
Soluble P is orthophosphate
Colorimetry is the primary method of
detection
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Phosphorus Characterization
TP
OP
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Orthophosphate Analyzer
Low reagent consumption
Suitable for outdoors
Automatic calibration
Integrated permeate pump
Filter module
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Technical Specifications
Range
(mg P / L) Accuracy
Response
time
(min.)
Detection limit
(mg P / L)
Reagent
Replenishment
Lo: 0.05 to
15 mg P / L 2% or 0.05
mg P / L< 5 0.05 mg P / L 2.5 L / 4 mths.
Hi: 1 to 50
mg P / L
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Phosphorus Removal
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How is ‘P’ Removed?
1. Biological
2. Chemical
Basic concept:
‘P’ soluble ‘P’ Particulate
‘P’‘P’
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Chemical P Removal
• Pre-precipitation
• Simultaneous
precipitation
• Post precipitation
Fe/ Al Fe / Al Fe / Al
‘P’ ‘P’
Fe / Al
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Chemical Dosing Control
Manual
Flow-proportioned (Feed Forward)
Feedback with analyzer
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Feedback Control Example
‘P’
Fe
P700
0.65 0.05
9000.50%
0.10
0.61
HOLD
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Chemical Dosing System Operation
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Phosphorus Accumulating Organism (PAO)
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Anaerobic Aerobic
Ortho-P
3 x Infl. Ortho-P
BODPHB
Storage
BOD Oxidized
Concentrations
in Bioreactor
Location in Bioreactor
Net P
Removal
RAS
P-Rich
WAS
PAO
VFA
P
PAO
P
A / O Process
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Flow Sheet – GC Sugar Creek
Effluent
Ultraviolet
Disinfection
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Process Control - ORP
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Summary
There are many compelling reasons to consider nutrient removal
Multiple reliable online monitoring technologies are available for
nitrogen monitoring.
Nitrogen removal is achieved through modification of the well-known
activated sludge process to exploit the microbiological nitrogen
cycle
Online phosphorus monitoring requires a cabinet analyzer but the
technology is improving to reduce maintenance and cost
Phosphorus removal can be achieved chemically or through
enrichment of phosphate accumulating organisms (PAO)
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Questions?
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