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Problems:Problems:
The term “reunification” was avoided, why?
Re-writing of the Constitution
Establishing a new capital in Berlin
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Successes:Successes: “Two Plus Four Treaty”
Dec. 1990 – 1st Free Elections since 1932
Relationships with other Western Democracies
NATO – Afghanistan
November 2005 – Dr. Angela Merkel – First female elected Chancellor
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Problems:Problems:Privatization of East Germany – At What Cost?
Despite investment from West many East German businesses collapsed
Today German Gov’t still allocates 10+ billion euros annually for east German development
Former East Germany entered a recession
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Successes:Successes:
Center of the European Union
In 2007 it’s the 3rd richest economy
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Problems:Problems:
Migration of East Germans into West Germany
High Unemployment in East
Ever widening gap between East and West standard of living
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Successes:Successes:
New Jobs, new opportunities
Free movement of people
West Germany was there to support East Germany
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Was it a failure?Was it a failure?
Was it a success?Was it a success?
What do you predict for the What do you predict for the future of Germany and why?future of Germany and why?
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Problems:Problems:
Yeltsin
Corruption
Chechnya
Used as propaganda for Yeltsin
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Successes:Successes:
Putin
“Democracy is the dictatorship of Law”
Aim: to restore “strong government”
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Problems:Problems:
Yeltsin
Food Shortages
1994 – Inflation increased 14% a month
Black Market
1998 – Government devalued the currency – shockwaves throughout the International Markets
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Successes:Successes:
The highly educated workers profited from their connections with technology and business
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Problems:
Ethnic and religious battles
Chechnya – Terrorism
Organized Crime
Influx of refugees – Russians who had been sent to colonize former Soviet States
1993 – 900,000 returned to Russia
“Brain Drain”
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Successes:Successes:
Open Media
More access to Western products
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Was it a failure?Was it a failure?
Was it a success?Was it a success?
What do you predict for the What do you predict for the future of Russia and why?future of Russia and why?
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Assignment:Assignment: Choose one of the following countries and complete the chart showing the Political, Economic, Religious, and Social issues surrounding its transition from Communism in the 1990s.
Czech Republic
Slovakia
Poland
Romania
Ukraine
Belarus
Lithuania
Latvia
Estonia
Hungary
Yugoslavia
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Less use of Veto Power Less use of Veto Power in Security Councilin Security Council
More UN peacekeeping More UN peacekeeping operations than in it’s operations than in it’s entire historyentire history
1991 – Persian Gulf 1991 – Persian Gulf WarWar
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What was its original purpose?What was its original purpose?
Is that still a legitimate purpose?Is that still a legitimate purpose?
Changing Enemies: Communism to Changing Enemies: Communism to TerrorismTerrorism
Should NATO expand to include Should NATO expand to include former Communist States? Why?former Communist States? Why?
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Major Dates in EU History:Major Dates in EU History:
1957 – Treaty of Rome – European 1957 – Treaty of Rome – European Economic Community [EECEconomic Community [EEC]]
1. France
2. Belgium
3. Netherlands
4. W. Germany
5. Luxumbourg
6. Italy
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1986: Single European Act1986: Single European Act•Committed to complete economic integration by 1992 (12 members)
1994: Maastricht Treaty: European 1994: Maastricht Treaty: European Union [EU]Union [EU]
1999: Intro of euro for use by 1999: Intro of euro for use by financial institutionsfinancial institutions
2002: euro put into general use2002: euro put into general use
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2004- Expansion to include some former 2004- Expansion to include some former Communist States:Communist States:1. Estonia
2. Latvia
3. Lithuania
4. Poland
5. Czech Rep.
6. Slovakia
7. Hungary
8. Slovenia
• Helped with successful transitions to Market Helped with successful transitions to Market EconomiesEconomies
• StabilizationStabilization
2007 – Expansion2007 – Expansion1. Romania
2. Bulgaria
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What does the future hold for the What does the future hold for the EU?EU?
Turkey??Turkey??
Russia??Russia??
A Unified European State??A Unified European State??
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EU involvement – setting regulations EU involvement – setting regulations and standards for Industries in and standards for Industries in EuropeEurope
The Green Party – gaining more and The Green Party – gaining more and more influence in Europe as a more influence in Europe as a Transnational Political PartyTransnational Political Party
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Arab – Israeli ConflictArab – Israeli Conflict
AfghanistanAfghanistan
Iraq WarIraq War
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2001 – September 11 Attacks on NYC2001 – September 11 Attacks on NYC
2004 – Attack on Train in Madrid, Spain2004 – Attack on Train in Madrid, Spain
2006 – London Tube and Bus Bombs2006 – London Tube and Bus Bombs
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AIDSAIDS
SARSSARS
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Globalization could mean an “International Culture”
T.V. – BBC America, Baywatch etc.
Movies – Life is Beautiful
Internet – YouTube, Facebook, MySpace, Skype etc.
Cultural exports are disproportionately from the West especially the US
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Global Celebrities
Michael Jordan
David Beckham
Hideki Matsui
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Global Companies
McDonalds
Coca Cola
Starbucks
Nike
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1.1.Problematizing HistoryProblematizing History
Mixing past and presentMixing past and present
Questioning the authority of Questioning the authority of historyhistory
Recognizing the presence of Recognizing the presence of the pastthe past
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Oversized “Chippendale”
Pediment
Sleek, classical facade
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High-tech gleamingskyscrapters
Low-techStreet hawkers,
Hand carts,Night markets,
bicycles
Mix of languagesand signsWestern
andAsian
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Mix of architectural styles
Art Deco from 1920s/30s
High Modern International of 1960s
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2.Loss of the real
Authentic and original are simulated
Copies are taken for the real thing
3.Playfulness, pastiche, kitsch
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Tropicana HotelAnd Resort
In Atlantic City
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4. Uncertainty, indecision, rootlessness
A willingness to live with these
5.Intense self-consciousness
I am myself writing this
I am here and understand the fictional construct of “here and now”
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Alternative Realities and Virtual Travel
Post-tourist – stays at home, travel is abstract or virtual
Surfs the web
T.V.
Video
The Matrix – the world makes a copy of itself