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Probing Strong InteractionProbing Strong Interaction--
the SIDDHARTA experimentthe SIDDHARTA experimentby Johann Zmeskalby Johann Zmeskal
SMI, ViennaSMI, Vienna
PANIC11PANIC11PANIC11PANIC11The 19The 19thth Particle and Nuclei International ConferenceParticle and Nuclei International Conference
July 24 July 24 –– 29, 201129, 2011
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LNF‐ INFN Frascati ItalySIDDHARTA collaborationSIDDHARTA collaboration
LNF INFN, Frascati, ItalySMI‐ ÖAW, Vienna, Austria
IFIN – HH, Bucharest, RomaniaP lit i Mil It lPolitecnico, Milano, ItalyMPE, Garching, Germany
PNSensors, Munich, GermanyyRIKEN, Japan
Univ. Tokyo, JapanVictoria Univ , Canada
2
Victoria Univ., Canada
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OutlineOutline
• Introduction• Motivation• Motivation• SIDDHARTA setup• Measuring principle• Results of kaonic heliumResults of kaonic helium• Results of kaonic hydrogen• SIDDHARTA‐2, kaonic deuterium• Summary
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Summary
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Forming “exotic” atomsForming “exotic” atoms
“normal” hydrogen “exotic” (kaonic) hydrogen
n=1 1n~25
p
n=1n=2
e‐ X‐rayeK‐ K‐
X‐ray
2p → 1sK transition
4
Kα transition
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Cascade processesCascade processesStark‐mixingl=0 1 2 n-1n
~ 25
external Auger effectexternal Auger effectchem. de‐excitation
3
Coulomb de‐excitation
X‐ray radiation
2
ay a ia io
1 observable hadronicΓ1s
Kα
shift and broadening1s
ε1s
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XX‐‐ray transitions to the 1s stateray transitions to the 1s state
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MotivationMotivationExotic (kaonic) atoms – probes for strong interaction
hadronic shift ε1s and width Γ1s directly observableexperimental study of low energy QCD. Testing chiral symmetry breaking in systems with strangeness
Kaonic hydrogen K i l t ti t ith tKp simplest exotic atom with strangenessscattering lengths, no extrapolation to zero energyprecise experimental data important/missingkaonic deuterium never measured beforekaonic deuterium never measured before
Information on Λ(1405) sub‐threshold resonanceresponsible for negative real part of scattering amplitude atresponsible for negative real part of scattering amplitude at thresholdimportant for the search for the controversial „deeply bound kaonic states” (KEK, GSI, DAΦNE, J‐PARC)
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Determination of the isospin dependent KN scattering lengths PANIC11
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LowLow‐‐energy Kenergy K‐‐N systemsN systemsChiral perturbation theory, which was developed forπp, ππ is not applicable for K‐N systems
Non‐perturbativeCoupled ChannelsCoupled Channels approach based on
Chiral SU(3) Dynamics
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1D‐2: Jiri MaresPANIC11
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Kaonic hydrogen atoms at DAKaonic hydrogen atoms at DAΦΦNENE
e+‐e‐collider
AAccu.
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DADAΦΦNE parametersNE parameters• operates at the centre‐of‐mass energy of the Φmeson
mass m = 1019.413 ± .008 MeVwidth Γ = 4 43 ± 06 MeVwidth Γ 4.43 ± .06 MeV
• produced via e+e‐ collision with( + Φ) 5 bσ(e+e‐ → Φ) ~ 5 μb
• average luminosity L = 5 x 1032 cm‐2 s‐1→Φ production rate 2.5 x 103 s‐1
• Φ decays at rest to about~ 50% K+K‐→monochromatic kaon beam (127 MeV/c)
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monochromatic kaon beam (127 MeV/c)
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SIDDHARTA setupSIDDHARTA setup
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Lightweight cryogenic target cellLightweight cryogenic target cell
working T 22 Kworking P 1.5 bar
Alu gridAlu‐grid
Side wall:Kapton 50 μm
Kaon entranceWindow:Kapton 75 μm
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SIDDHARTA target SIDDHARTA target ‐‐ detectordetector
Advanced Seminar Series Particles and Interactions13PANIC11
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Development of large area SDDsDevelopment of large area SDDs
SDD window frame(pure Al 99.999%)
flexible Kaptonboards
pre‐amplifierpre‐amplifierboard
HV+LV distributionb dboard
FP‐6 EU programme:HadronPhysics
14
y
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Excellent energy resolutionExcellent energy resolution
FWHM = 150 eV@ 6keV
15
Energy [eV]
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Detectors used for KDetectors used for K‐‐p experimentsp experiments
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Sketch of the SIDDHARTA setupSketch of the SIDDHARTA setup
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φφ productionproduction
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KaonKaon pair detectionpair detection
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“triple” coincidence method“triple” coincidence method
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Measuring principleMeasuring principle
+−+− +→→+ KKee φ SDDsK‐
Production of φ at restat DAΦNE
+→→+ KKee φ
degrader
φe‐ e+
Scintillators
φ
K+
e‐ e+
K
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T i l i id
Measuring principleMeasuring principle
+−+− +→→+ KKee φ SDDs
Triple coincidence
K‐
Production of φ at restat DAΦNE X‐ray
+→→+ KKee φ
degrader
Scintillators
φ
K+
e‐ e+
K
ts / 100 ns
coun
22SDD timing [μs]
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Data taking scheme at DAData taking scheme at DAΦΦNENE
K+K- pairs producedat DAΦNEat DAΦNE
Production data
−K SDDs
degrader
−e +eφ
g
23+K
Scintillators
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Data taking scheme at DAData taking scheme at DAΦΦNENE
“X‐ray tube” datataken with “beam” ONa e i ea O
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“X t b ” d t t k
SDD XSDD X‐‐ray energy spectraray energy spectra“X‐ray tube” data taken
destimated systematic error ~ 3‐4 eV
0eV
ounts / 30
co
25energy [keV]PANIC11
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SDD XSDD X‐‐ray energy spectraray energy spectra
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KaonicKaonic heliumhelium‐‐3 energy spectrum3 energy spectrum
eV)(5.3)(4.20.6223exp sysstaE ±±=
QED value: E = 6224 6 eVK-3He (3d-2p)
eV)(4)(22 sysstaE ±±−=Δ
QED value: Eem= 6224.6 eV
eV)(4)(222 sysstaE p ±±=Δ
..exp2 mep EEE −=Δ
Ti KaK-C K-O K-N
First observation of K‐3He X‐rays
arXiv:1010.4631v1 [nucl-ex], PLB697(2011)19927
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eV)(4)(35 sysstaE ±±+=Δ
Comparison Comparison kaonickaonic 33He and He and 44HeHe
V)(4)(22EΔ
eV)(4)(352 sysstaE p ±±+=Δ
eV)(4)(222 sysstaE p ±±−=Δ
K-3He (3d-2p)
K-4He (3d-2p)
K-3He (3d-2p)
PLB697(2011)199 28PANIC11
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Kaonic helium resultsKaonic helium results
29calibration under control within several eV
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KaonicKaonic hydrogen hydrogen
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SDD SDD timing timing vs. vs. energyenergy
KKaon
BG
Kaon gateBackground gateg g
(asynchronous background)
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Fitting procedureFitting procedure
Hydrogen
simulttaneous
Deuterium
s fit
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KK‐‐p spectrum after BG subtraction p spectrum after BG subtraction
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XX‐‐ray transitions to the 1s stateray transitions to the 1s state
Kβ
K
KαKhigh
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KK‐‐p spectrum after BG subtraction p spectrum after BG subtraction
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“repulsive” shift“repulsive” shift
X‐ray energy reduced (shift sign is negative)y gy ( g g )
2p
1s
Coulomb
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Kaonic hydrogen resultsKaonic hydrogen resultsε 283 ± 36(stat) ± 6(syst) eVε1s = ‐283 ± 36(stat) ± 6(syst) eVΓ1s = 541 ± 89(stat) ± 22(syst) eV
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W.Weise, ei e,LEANNIS meeting July 2011
38W. WeisePANIC11
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WWeise LEANNIS meeting July 2011W.Weise, LEANNIS meeting July 2011
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Kaonic deuterium dataKaonic deuterium datafit for shift: about 500 eV
KC(6‐5)
KC (5‐4)width: about 1000 eV
(6 5)
KO
KN(6 5)
KO(6‐5)
l
KC (7 5)
KO(7‐6)
C(6‐5)
KC (6‐4)
KAl (8‐7)
(7‐5)KO(9‐7)
KTi (11‐10)
Cu Kα KAl
(7‐6)KN(5‐4)
KAl (10‐8)
Pb Lβ
Kd KcomKd
KαKα
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SIDDHARTASIDDHARTA‐‐2 for kaonic deuterium2 for kaonic deuterium
•• new target designnew target design•• new target design new target design
•• new SDD arrangementnew SDD arrangement
••more cooling powermore cooling power
•• improved trigger schemeimproved trigger scheme•• improved trigger schemeimproved trigger scheme
•• shielding and antishielding and anti‐‐coincidencecoincidence
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Kaonic deuterium Kaonic deuterium –– MC simulationsMC simulationsmodel inputshift = - 660 eVwidth= 1200 eV
42
energy [keV]
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SIDDHARTA setup was working with 144 SDDsSummarySummary
SIDDHARTA setup was working with 144 SDDs
Kaonic X‐ray spectra measured with several gaseoustargets:K‐p: provided the most precise values (submitted to PLB: arXiv:1105.3090)(submitted to PLB: arXiv:1105.3090)
K‐d: first exploratory measurement small signal (large width)g g
K‐3He: first‐time measurement (PLB 697(2011)199)
K‐4He:measured in gaseous target for the firstK He:measured in gaseous target for the first time (PLB 681(2009)310)
planning for “SIDDHARTA 2”→ improved
43
planning for “SIDDHARTA‐2” → improvedtechnique to (re‐)measure K‐d
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Supported bySupported by
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Kaonic hydrogen resultsKaonic hydrogen results
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Kaonic hydrogen resultsKaonic hydrogen results
SIDDHARTA
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