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PRINCIPLES OF NUMERATION
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The five principles
The Hindu-Arabic system we use is based on five principles:BasePositionMultiplicationAdditiveOdometer
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Base 10The numeration system is a base 10 system and uses only 10 digits:
0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8 and 9
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PositionThe position of a digit indicates its value and every place in the system is related to others by powers of 10.
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MultiplicativeThe value of each digit is multiplied by the value of its place e.g. in 26 the value of the 2 is 2 x 10 and the value of the 6 is 6 x 1.
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AdditiveDigits in a number are added to give its value e.g. to give the total amount of 26, 20 + 6 are added together.
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OdometerThe Hindu-Arabic system is a system that every place counts. You can compare this to an odometer. On each count of 1 – 9 , the wheel turns and when the 10th turn is made, the next number in the reel turns.