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PREVIEW OF
EMT MEDICATIONSPOWERPOINT TRAINING
PRESENTATION
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DESCRIPTION
Provides the student with a basic knowledge of pharmacology, providing a foundation for the administration of medications given by the EMT-B and those used to assist a patient with self-administration. Includes modules on Principals of Pharmacology, Medication Administration, & Emergency Medicines. Meets or exceeds USDOT NHTSA 2009 EMT/EMR training requirements. Estimated classroom time 2 hours and 2 hours lab.
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MEDICATION SAFETY
Is the medication In date?Was it properly stored?
Some has temperature requirements & other storage requirements
Does it fit the rule of 5 rights?
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ROUTE OF ADMINISTRATION
Parenteral methods of injection
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FIVERIGHTS
RIGHTDATETIME
RIGHTMEDICATION
RIGHTROUTE
RIGHTPATIENT
RIGHT DOSE
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EXPIRATION DATE
Almost all medications have an expiration date on them
The EMT must check the expiration date prior to administering any medication
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TECHNIQUES OF MEDICATION ADMINISTRATION
OralSublingualIntramuscular injection by auto injectorInhalation
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ORAL
Designed to allow medication to be absorbed through the lining of the stomach or intestine
Drug is swallowed & absorbed through the stomach & intestinal tract
Patient must be fully conscious and able to swallow
Aspirin, Oral glucose
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ORAL
Disadvantages:Sometimes inefficient –
high dose or low solubility drugs may suffer poor availability, only part of the dose may be absorbed
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ORAL
AdvantagesConvenient - portable, no pain, easy to take.Cheap - no need to sterilize (but must be hygienic of course), compact, multi-dose bottles, automated machines produce tablets in large quantitiesVariety - fast release tablets, capsules, enteric coated, layered tablets, slow release, suspensions, mixtures
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ORAL
WARNINGAscertain patient’s ability to swallow
prior to administrationIf patient is not able to swallow it
may cause airway problems or aspiration
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INTRAMUSCULAR
DisadvantagesTrained personnel
required for injectionsThe site of injection will influence the absorption, generally the deltoid muscle is the best siteAbsorption is sometimes erratic, especially for
poorly soluble drugs
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INHALATION
AdvantagesRapid absorption
DisadvantagesMay require bulky equipment
to administer
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SELF ADMINISTRATION
Intramuscular injection by auto injector
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AUTO INJECTORS
Commonly used for anaphylactic reactions (EPI-PEN) to administer Epinephrine
Also used with WMD antidotes
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SELF ADMINISTRATION
AdvantagesNo outside assistance
neededDisadvantages
No one to assist or to monitor patient
Fear of self administration
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PEER ADMISTRATION
AdvantagesPatient can easily be monitored
DisadvantagesPotential BBP exposure
Techniques
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TRANSDERMAL
Active ingredients are delivered across the skin for systemic distribution
MorphineNitroglycerinBirth control
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SUBCUTANEOUS
Administered as a bolus into the subcutis, the layer of skin directly below the dermis and epidermis
Insulin
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INTRAOSSEOUS
The process of injection directly into the marrow of a bone
Used in emergency situations to provide fluids and medication when an IV cannot be used
Primarily used with infants due to their small veins
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ASPIRIN
Used to thin blood during a possible heart attack
Also used as a pain reliever
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ASPIRIN
IndicationsIschemic chest pain
ContraindicationsPrevious history of aspirin allergyChildren under 12 years of ageAspirin taken in last 24 hoursGI bleedingActive peptic ulcer
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ORAL GLUCOSE
Comes in tube and taken orally or comes as a tablet
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ORAL GLUCOSE
IndicationsDiabetic patients with hypoglycemic
stateContraindications
UnconsciousnessUnable to swallowKnown diabetic who has not taken
insulin for days
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ORAL GLUCOSE
WARNINGAscertain patient’s ability to swallow prior to administrationPatient must be alert Patient must be able to swallow, it will
NOT work sublingually or buccallyWatch for patient aspiration patient has
a decreased gag reflex
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MEDICATIONS THE EMT CAN ASSIST IN ADMINISTRATION
Inhaled bronchodilatorsEpinephrineNitroglycerin
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ALBUTEROL INHALIERSUsed primarily for respiratory
problems associated with asthma
ActionStimulates beta-2 receptor sitesRelaxes smooth muscle in airway wallsDilates airways
Lowers resistance to airflowDecreases respiratory effort
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EPINEPHRINE
Use when patient shows S & S of anaphylactic shock
Normally administered by EMT’s with an Epi-Pen
Comes in two sizes Adult 0.3 mg Child/Infant 0.15 mg
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EPINEPHRINE
IndicationsPt exhibits S & S of severe allergic
reaction, including respiratory distress or sockPt has physician prescribed Epi-Pen
ContraindicationsNone
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EPINEPHRINE
Comes in an auto injector normally stabbed into the thigh
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WARNING
Gloves need to be worn when handling nitroglycerine tabletsMedication can be absorbed through the skin
when handling causing the EMT to have the side effects of having taken the tablet This could cause the EMT to have a medical emergency.
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MEDICATIONS USED IN CERTAIN MCA’s
Activated charcoalInfluenza vaccine (flu shot)MorphineBenadrylGlucagonAcetaminophen
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ROUTE OF ADMINISTRATION
Intramuscular or nasallyDose as determined by manufacturer & age of
patientSupplies in bulk done bottles or prefilled syringes
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ATROPINE &PRALIDOXIME (2PAM)
Used as a WND antidote for Nerve agent exposure
May take several injections over time to be effective
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To purchase this EMT MEDICATIONS presentation go to
www.bravetraining.com
Or tap the above link