PresentersMs. Kamala Gyawali
Mr. Ram Bahadur ChandMr. Krishna Prasad Khatiwada
A Presentation
OnGender Issues
2
Topics to PresentTopics to Present
Women Issues
•Poverty, Economic, Employment, Education & Health Issues
•Violence against women, Women in armed conflict
•Women in decision making level and Institutional mechanism
3
Copy and print on
both sides of paper.
We will Discuss We will Discuss
• Relevance of Problem
• Key Gains
• Organization working for women
• Key Government and Non Government Initiations
• Acts, Regulations and Conventions
• Existing Gaps
• Issues and Challenges
• Recommendations4
Copy and print on
both sides of paper.
Relevance of Relevance of ProblemProblem
Where is the problem?
Everywhere
Not only in Mid west and far west development region
and slum areas of cities
5
Copy and print on
both sides of paper.
Relevance of Relevance of ProblemProblem
6
Copy and print on
both sides of paper.
Who are the victims?
specially women and girls
Relevance of Relevance of ProblemProblem
7
Copy and print on
both sides of paper.
What are the causes of the problems?
• Illiteracy
• Ignorance
• Lack of responsibility of government
• Lack of knowledge and skill
• Tricky I/Ngos Programs
• Political instability
• Lack of commitments of bureaucrats
Relevance of Relevance of ProblemProblem
8
Copy and print on
both sides of paper.
What are the causes of the problems?
• Tendency of dependency
• Weaknesses of law implementation
• Superstitions (religious, cultural and traditional)
• Caring Economy
• Patriarchal Decision making of society
• Practically, no ownership exercise of property mobilization and
utilization
Key GainsKey Gains
9
Don’t waste food.
• Equal rights of voting
• Co-education and especial provision of scholarship for girls
• Constitutional provision of 33% reservation at state
• Women rights as fundamental right
• Ratification of CEDAW
• Equal property rights
• Declaration of non violence year 2010
Organizations working for Organizations working for WomenWomen
10
Don’t waste food.
• Ministry of Women, Children and Social
Welfare,
• Department of Women Development,
• Women Development Offices (at 75
Districts)
• National Women's Commission
• Ministry of Health and Population,
• Department of Health Service
• National Planning commission
• Unicef
• ILO
• United Nations Funds for Women
Development (UNIFEM)
• Approximately ten thousand I/NGOs
working different parts of country
Key Government and Non Government Initiatives:
11
Don’t waste food.
• Economic and Social
• Health
• Armed conflict
• Decision Making
• Education
• Employment
• Violence Against Women
Key Government and Non Government Initiatives:
12
Don’t waste food.
Economic and Social
•Government of Nepal gives a 25
percent discount on land registration
fees for women.
•(35% land has been registered in the
name of women; Jhapa, dhanusha &
Gorkha; Manang) : - Kantipur 2066,
Jeth 23
Key Government and Non Government Initiatives:
13
Don’t waste food.
Economic and Social
•Government of Nepal with the
aforementioned special measures aims to
combat domestic violence and enhance
women’s economic status. The
Government of Nepal has adopted a
holistic approach to ensure women’s
sustainable real property rights via
education related measures whereby
women can fully enjoy their rights.
Key Government and Non Government Initiatives:
14
Don’t waste food.
Economic and Social
•Special attention has been given to
the women
•Progress in savings and credit
programs for the economic and social
empowerment of women is
encouraging.
•Government programs are targeted
for the welfare of suppressed,
extremely poor, landless dalit,
marginalized and madheshi women.
Key Government and Non Government Initiatives:
15
Don’t waste food.
Economic and Social
•Interim Constitution says “No one shall be
discriminated in any form merely for being a
women”
•The Chaupadi practice was challenged
through the case of Dil Bahadur
Bishwokarma v. HMG where the Supreme
Court on 1st May,2004 (2062-01-19 B.S.)
declared the practice as discriminatory
against women and a violation of women’s
human rights and also issued an
implementation guidelines to the
Government.
Key Government and Non Government Initiatives:
16
Don’t waste food.
Economic and Social
•Council of Ministers has already declared
Chaupadi as the worst form of social
practices.
•Ministry of Women, Child and Social
Welfare has developed a ‘zero tolerance
policy’ on violence against women.
Key Government and Non Government Initiatives:
17
Don’t waste food.
Health
•Due to the effectiveness of law and
consciousness of parents, people don't
get married in young age. That's why, the
problem facing by women by getting
married in early age is reducing. It also
proves that the decrease of death of
mother and child. It still need more people
to make conscious about it.
Key Government and Non Government Initiatives:
18
Don’t waste food.
Health
•The Ministry of Women, Child and
Social Welfare has been
implementing programs to empower
adolescent girls and advocate their
rights to education and health as well
as to end discriminations against the
girl child in all 75 districts.
Key Government and Non Government Initiatives:
19
Don’t waste food.
Health
•Article 20 of current constitution provides
that the constitutional guarantee is more
specific on women’s right to reproductive
health.
•Article 22 of current constitution provides the
rights to nourishment, basic health and social
security of children which is equally
applicable to girl child.
Key Government and Non Government Initiatives:
20
Don’t waste food.
Health
•To reduce the risks associated
with pregnancy and childbirth and
address the deferral, three major
strategies have been adopted in
Nepal. (24 hours emergency
obstetric care services, promoting
the use of skilled birth attendants at
every birth, promoting birth
preparedness and complications
readiness, particularly the
availability of blood, transport and
money)
Key Government and Non Government Initiatives:
21
Don’t waste food.
Health
•National Safe Motherhood Plan (2002-2017)
•The revised Safe Motherhood and National health
long term plan (2006-2017)
•The government has introduced a Comprehensive
Abortion Care (CAC)
•Maternity Incentive Scheme
Key Government and Non Government Initiatives:
22
Don’t waste food.
Armed Conflict
•Clause 7.6 of the Comprehensive Peace Accord
(CPA) incorporates the rights of women and
children whereby ‘both sides fully agree to provide
special protection to the rights of women and
children to immediately prohibit all types of violence
against women and children, including child labour,
as well as sexual exploitation and harassment, and
not include or use children who are below eighteen
years. Children so affected shall be rescued
immediately and necessary and appropriate
assistance shall be provided for their rehabilitation.’
Key Government and Non Government Initiatives:
23
Don’t waste food.
Armed Conflict
•Government of Nepal has adopted a plan of
action and other measures to ensure
participation in the process of conflict
resolution and peace building.
•Current status of women representation in the
Constituent assembly is 197, which can be
taken as significant achievement in the political
mainstreaming of women and their
involvement in peace building process.
Key Government and Non Government Initiatives:
24
Don’t waste food.
Armed Conflict
•Ministry of peace and reconstruction
and United nations development fund
for women (UNIFEM) are jointly
implementing a project entitled
“Capacity building Initiative for
Increased Women’s Participation in
Governance, Peace and Security”.
Key Government and Non Government Initiatives:
25
Don’t waste food.
Armed Conflict
•The Ministry of Peace and
Reconstruction has prepared a
concept paper to develop strategic
guidelines to ensure effective
protection mechanisms for women
and girls against all forms of
violence including sexual violence
and the meaningful participation of
women in peace process, including
in transitional and post conflict
period.
Key Government and Non Government Initiatives:
26
Don’t waste food.
Decision Making
•The interim constitution addresses the gender
issue in its preamble and guarantees and
inclusive and proportionate representations of
women in the restructuring of the state.
•All political parties should nominate 33 percent
of the candidates in Constituent Assembly
through both First Past the Post (FPTP) and
Proportional representation (PR) election
systems.
Key Government and Non Government Initiatives:
27
Don’t waste food.
Education
•Remarkable achievements have been made in
education in order to meet commitment towards
‘Education for All (EEA) by 2015’
•Reaffirming the Free and Compulsory
Education Plan of Action (2001-2015)
•Government has echoed “Basis of New Nepal,
Education as Universal Fundamental Right”
Key Government and Non Government Initiatives:
28
Don’t waste food.
Education
•The National Plan recognizes that “No girl
should be deprived of school education due
to her economic condition, caste/ethnic,
religious or linguistic background.
•Government of Nepal has developed
“Gender Responsive Budget”
Key Government and Non Government Initiatives:
29
Don’t waste food.
Employment
•Interim Constitution guarantees the fundamental
right to employment, including social security. Part
IV of the constitution also enshrines the state
obligation and state policies within the framework of
basic means of subsistence.
•Ratification of ILO convention 169 further ensures
the rights of indigenous ethnic groups where women
of such community will also be benefited.
Key Government and Non Government Initiatives:
30
Don’t waste food.
Employment
•Unifem is supporting the Government of
Nepal to advance the principle of
promoting safe migration and ensuring
rights of women migrant workers since
2002.
•Migration policy is being designed.
Key Government and Non Government Initiatives:
31
Don’t waste food.
Violence Against Women
•Ministry of Women, child and Social welfare
and Ministry of Local Development in
partnership with I/NGOs are conducting
various awareness programs, including
trainings for both men and women regarding
the elimination of all forms of discrimination,
exploitation and gender related violence
based on traditional cultural practices.
Key Government and Non Government Initiatives:
32
Don’t waste food.
Violence Against Women
•More girls are sent in government schools and
boys are in private boarding schools
•Constitution explicitly states “The principle of
inclusiveness shall be taken into consideration
while selecting the candidates by the political
parties.”
•The second amendment (August 2007) in the
Civil Service Act, 1993 (2049 B.S.) and changes
in the Civil Service Regulation, 1994 (2050 B.S.)
include special inclusive measures in the
recruitment process. (20% seats for women)
Key Government and Non Government Initiatives:
33
Don’t waste food.
Remarks
•Despite a lot of initiatives taken for the protection and promotion of
human rights of women, the rights of dalit women, women with
disabilities, ethnic minorities and the once infected with HIV/AIDS are
yet to be fully realized.
•The value of women’s role in decision making is yet to be fully realized.
Acts, Regulations & Conventions
34
Don’t waste food.
• Acts
• Human trafficking control act, 1986
• Domestic Violence (Control and Punishment) Act 2009
• Foreign Employment Act, 2007
• Regulations
• Human trafficking and Transportation (Control) Regulation, enacted
in Nov 2008
• Conventions
• Convention on the Elimination of all forms of Discrimination Against
women 1979
• Convention on the Suppression of Immoral Trafficking and Protocol,
1949;
• Convention on the Right of the Child etc. including SAARC regional
convention
Existing Gaps
35
Don’t waste food.
• Not to be equal status of women with men
(economically, socially, politically and culturally)
• Value system of male and female
• Not to be effective implementation of laws, policies,
plans and programs
• Lack of empowerment
Issues & Challenges
36
Don’t waste food.
Women Trafficking
•Protecting human rights of women
•Women trafficking
•Discriminatory Cultural Practices
•Participation of women in decision level of peace process
•Gender approach in peace (shanti sthapana ma laingik dristikon)
•Insufficient political commitment
•Weak Institutional capabilities of delivery and regulatory
mechanism
•Lack of awareness of Information Technology
•Internal Trafficking
Issues & Challenges
37
Don’t waste food.
Education
•Early marriages and the social obligation of
marriage and the expectation of bearing
children are major impediments to women’s
advancement in education and career jobs.
•School Drop out
•Low number of female teachers
Issues & Challenges
38
Don’t waste food.
Employment
•Right to equality in employment
•Use of women labour in income generating activities
•Reproductive role of women is often found not being
acknowledged with necessary measures at the
employment sectors
Issues & Challenges
39
Don’t waste food.
Health
•Poverty
•Matternal Health
•Family Planning
•HIV/AIDS
•Early marriages
•Fertility
•Giving birth before reaching the age of 18
•Breastfeeding and Nutrition
Issues & Challenges
40
Don’t waste food.
Economic and Social
•Armed conflict and displacement
•Opportunities have been lost
•Cross border human trafficking
•Labour exploitation
Issues & Challenges
41
Don’t waste food.
Economic and Social
•Armed conflict and displacement
•Opportunities have been lost
•Cross border human trafficking
•Labour exploitation
Recommendation
42
Don’t waste food.
• We should educate the women by formal and non-formal
education and implement effectively the Policies, laws,
plans and programs.
• We should give equal opportunity and access as well as
participations at governmental and non-governmental
sectors and Institutions.
• Equal Property Rights should be given, empower the
women and recognize the works value of caring economy
• State and Civil society both should take the responsibility
• To make powerful to the women at least respecting the
human rights and Human laws.
• Develop indicator based monitoring strategies
43
Drive slower.