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Status of Experiments on National Ignition Facility
Presented to
31st Annual Meeting and Symposium Fusion Energy:
Focus on the Future
December 1, 2010
Edward I. Moses Principal Associate Director
NIF & Photon Science
LLNL-PRES-463640
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Jackie’s new building pic
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NIC partners
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National Ignition Campaign goals
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NIC Summary
• Following a successful 2009-2010 tuning campaign, we have
demonstrated the world’s first MJ hohlraum and associated modeling advances
• Initial hohlraum energetics experiments put us into the hohlraum
temperature range for ignition experiments at 280-300 eV
• The laser, diagnostic, target fabrication and other infrastructure
capabilities needed for the ignition campaign are now in place
• We have carried out the first THD cryo-layered implosion showing
most aspects of system performance
• Ignition experiments in 2011–2012 lay the groundwork for target
performance which meets the need for ignition applications and
IFE requirements
Moses -- APS DPP, November 10, 2010 6 NIF–1110-20435.ppt
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NIF is now capable of ignition experiments.
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National Ignition Facility aerial
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Moses - 31st Annual Meeting and Symposium Fusion Power Associates 10 NIF–1110-20542.ppt
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4.1 MJ laser – image of the laser bay with red beams
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Full bleed of target chamber – 1.3 MJ blue beams
Moses - 31st Annual Meeting and Symposium Fusion Power Associates 12 NIF–1110-20542.ppt
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NIF laser has shown excellent ability to obtain the
desired pulse shape and energy
Moses - 31st Annual Meeting and Symposium Fusion Power Associates 13 NIF–1110-20542.ppt
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The NIF laser is highly reproducible
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NIC Summary
• Following a successful 2009-2010 tuning campaign, we have
demonstrated the world’s first MJ hohlraum and associated modeling advances
• Initial hohlraum energetics experiments put us into the hohlraum
temperature range for ignition experiments at 280-300 eV
• The laser, diagnostic, target fabrication and other infrastructure
capabilities needed for the ignition campaign are now in place
• We have carried out the first THD cryo-layered implosion showing
most aspects of system performance
• Ignition experiments in 2011–2012 lay the groundwork for target
performance which meets the need for ignition applications and
Inertial Fusion Energy requirements
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The CY09 fall campaign demonstrated excellent
Coupling, Drive, & Symmetry
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NIF experiments have demonstrated ignition point
design hohlraum temperatures of 300 eV
19 NIF–1110-20542.ppt Moses - 31st Annual Meeting and Symposium Fusion Power Associates
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Moses - 31st Annual Meeting and Symposium Fusion Power Associates 20 NIF–1110-20542.ppt
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Shield doors installation
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Tritium processing
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Major new ICCS releases
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Moses Presentation to TOFE, November 2010 25 NIF-1110-20430.ppt
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NIF has over 36 diagnostic instruments developed
through international collaborations
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NToF
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Moses Presentation to TOFE, November 2010 28 NIF-1110-20430.ppt
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Dante 1
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Gamma Reaction History Detector
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Three independent diagnostics measured
2.2 ± 0.2 x 1014 DT neutrons from an exploding pusher
Observable
Simulations Experiment (weighted mean)
N1001030-002-999 Pre Shot
Yield (Cu,Zr activation,
MRS) 2-3e14 2.2x1014 ± 0.2 x 1014
Ion Temperature 11-12keV 11.7 ± 0.5 keV
Bang time 1.90 ± 0.2 ns 1.75 ± 0.15 ns
GA target, DT
(50:50) filled at LLE
Design at LLE (122kJ, 2ns)
1.5 mm
200 μm
Density at peak burn
Copper activation
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
0.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0
Copper Decay Curve
Co
un
ts/M
inu
te
Time (minutes)
1mm Cu sample
NIF–1110-20542.ppt 31 Moses - 31st Annual Meeting and Symposium Fusion Power Associates
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Moses -- APS DPP, November 10, 2010 32 NIF–1110-20435.ppt
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NIF-1110-20430.ppt 33 Moses Presentation to TOFE, November 2010
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NIF-1110-20430.ppt 34 Moses Presentation to TOFE, November 2010
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Close up of target with text box
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Moses Presentation to TOFE, November 2010 36 NIF-1110-20430.ppt
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On September 29, 2010 NIC conducted the first
cryo-layered target experiment on NIF
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In the target chamber
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Final x-ray images of the THD ice layer at 17:54 pm
with temperature of 18.6K
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On Sept. 29th at 8:27 p.m. (PDT), NIC conducted
the first cryo-layered target experiment on NIF
Moses - 31st Annual Meeting and Symposium Fusion Power Associates 40
• All 192-laser beams fired 1 MJ of laser energy
into the hohlraum
–Radiation drive was consistent with earlier
shots at this energy (~290 eV)
–Preliminary yield estimate was ~1 x 1013
neutrons based on nToF
• The capsule was filled with a mixture of tritium, hydrogen and deuterium tailored to enable the
most comprehensive physics results, not to demonstrate ignition
• All systems operated successfully and 26 target
diagnostics acquired data
Preliminary results of the target performance are
very encouraging, analysis is continuing
NIF–1110-20542.ppt
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This experiment demonstrated ability of the NIC team
to conduct layered implosion experiments
• We have successfully fielded a indirect drive layered implosion
experiment with thermonuclear fuel [6% D, 22% H, 72% T]
— Capsules are driven in hohlraums with 288 eV radiation temperature
heated by 1 MJ laser energy from 192 smoothed beams on NIF
— The capsule was shot with a smooth 65 μm thick nuclear fuel layer at
1.5 degrees below the triple point
— Successfully fielded 11 nuclear and 8 x-ray diagnostics
– 14.1 MeV DT yield
– down scattered neutrons (10-12 MeV)
– Ion temperature Tion
– Capsule Shape and x-ray emission
• Experiments show compression, yield and fuel rho-r consistent with
implosions that are not tuned
— Compressed to 40 microns (x1.5 more than a symcap)
— Yield of 8e12 and 2.8% down scattered neutron fraction
The fielding of the first layered capsule implosions has marked the
beginning of the ignition campaign on NIF
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Tuning of mix, entropy, shape and velocity
is prerequisite for improving THD/DT
implosion performance
Tuning parameters
Exp
eri
men
t o
bserv
ab
les
R, T
Burn
Drive
Low yield
THD layered
targets
DT ignition targets
M
V
S
S
entropy
shape
LPI optimization
Reproducibility
Sensitivities Go-forward laser and target specifications
Check of Tuning accuracy /
surrogacy Physics of layered targets
• Mix • Ice perturbation growth
• Hot spot formation (no ’s)
heating & burn
T-free
targets
2009-10
2010-11
2011-12
NIF–1110-20542.ppt 42 Moses - 31st Annual Meeting and Symposium Fusion Power Associates
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We have demonstrated the ability to measure symmetry of
1st shock required to interpret single-point shock timing
Moses - 31st Annual Meeting and Symposium Fusion Power Associates 44 NIF–1110-20542.ppt
Shape
Bi sphere “Reemit” replaces
layered capsule
Adiabat
h = 700 eV X-ray image
2 mm
• Accuracy of ±5% in pole-to-equator drive asymmetry meets
requirement
• First shot shows equator is driven with 15% higher flux as expected
Drive asymmetry is inferred from reemission sphere limb
brightness vs angle
Equator
Pole
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And to measure shock velocity history as it compresses
fuel which is critical for minimizing adiabat
Moses - 31st Annual Meeting and Symposium Fusion Power Associates 45 NIF–1110-20542.ppt
Liquid D2-filled Cone-in-sphere
“Keyhole” replaces layered capsule
Adiabat
Shock velocities and overtake times and distances are measured from
fringe shifts off reflected reentrant optical velocity interferometer (VISAR)
D2 filled cone
To VISAR
t (ns)
• Accuracies of 2% in velocity and 50 ps in timing meet requirements
• First shots have shown weaker than expected 1st shock, overtaken
earlier than expected by 2nd then 3rd shock
0 10 20 15 5
Streak record of VISAR
Merged 2nd
shock breakout 3rd shock
overtake
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We have also demonstrated the ability to measure final
4th shock timing, critical to setting final fuel adiabat
Moses - 31st Annual Meeting and Symposium Fusion Power Associates 46 NIF–1110-20542.ppt
Adiabat
We measure 4th shock strength from break-out time in Au witness plate
t (ns)
• Accuracy of 50 ps in shock break-out timing meet requirements
• First shot has shown slightly delayed 4th shock (< 300 ps)
0 10 20 15 5
Merged 4th
shock breakout
Liquid D2-filled capsule with Au witness
plate at end of cone replaces layered
capsule
To VISAR
Soft x-ray power
Streak record of VISAR
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Ignition: next steps
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NIF is now capable of ignition experiments.
Moses - 31st Annual Meeting and Symposium Fusion Power Associates 48 NIF–1110-20542.ppt
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Experience with NIF, and evidence from the ignition
campaign, are being used to define a path for LIFE
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New laser technology allows dramatic improvements
in size and efficiency
52 NIF–1110-20542.ppt Moses - 31st Annual Meeting and Symposium Fusion Power Associates
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Delivery Plan
Moses Presentation to TOFE, November 2010 53 NIF-1110-20430.ppt
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Fusion energy – Soon enough to make a difference!
Moses - 31st Annual Meeting and Symposium Fusion Power Associates 54 NIF–1110-20542.ppt
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