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LAW OF THE SEA
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● SEA;● Covers more than 70% of the surface of
the globe.● Divided into 3 different zones;1. Internal waters2. Territorial sea3. High seas● Each of zones are subject to different
rules.● Nowadays, law of the sea was codified
by the United Nations Convention of Law of the Sea ( UNCLOS 1982).
INTRODUCTION
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TERRITORIAL SEA
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● THREE stages of development (Law of the Sea);
TERRITORIAL WATER (otherwise known as);● Territorial sea● Maritime belt● ‘An area of water not exceeding 12 nautical miles in
width is measured seaward from the territorial baseline’.● Article 2(1) of 1982 Convention; ● ‘The coastal state exercises sovereignty over its territorial
water’.
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● INNOCENT PASSAGE;● Article 9;● ‘Passage is innocent so long as it is not
prejudicial (or harmful) to the peace, good order and security’.
● Fishing vessels must comply with laws enacted by the coastal state to prevent them from fishing.
● Submarines must navigate on the surface and show their flag.
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● Article 19(2); ● ‘the coastal state have a right to suspend innocent passage in
specified areas of its territorial sea for security reason’.BUT,● Article 24;● ‘The coastal state shall not hamper the innocent passage of
foreign ships through the territorial sea’.● Article 24(2);● ‘…must give warning of known dangers to navigation in the
territorial sea’.● E.g.- ‘Corfu Channel case (1946- 1948)’.
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The IMMUNITY of the crew of foreign warships.
THE RIGHT OF THE COASTAL STATE OVER THE
TERRITORIAL SEA.
● The coastal state’s sovereignty over the territorial sea includes the following rights;
1. Exclusive right to fish and to exploit the resources of the seabed & subsoil of the territorial sea.
2. Exclusive enjoyment of the air space above the territorial sea.
3. Exclusive right to transport goods and passengers.4. War time, coastal state- ‘neutral’, belligerent states may
not capture merchant ships, in the coastal state’s territorial sea.
5. Coastal state may enact regulations concerning navigation…
6. Coastal state has certain powers of arrest.
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THE WIDTH OF TERRITORIAL SEA
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The rules for measuring the territorial sea;● …has been codified in;● Article 5 to Article 11,● Article 13 & Article 14 of the 1982 Convention.
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THE LINE FROM WHICH
THE TERRITORIAL
SEA IS MEASURED.
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