ObesityEvolution – Costs - Origins – Remedies
By Valerie Orsoni (Founder of LeBootCamp.com)
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Evolution of the BMI (1850-2012)
1840 1860 1880 1900 1920 1940 1960 1980 2000 2020 204017
19
21
23
25
27
29
31
33BMI
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72% unhealthy weight
54% unhealthy weight
42% obese
36% obese
in millions
Adults only
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Cost of Obesity Increase
$190 billion in annual medical costs due to obesity, double earlier estimates
$5,530 more per year in medical costs for a worker with a BMI above 40
Obesity responsible for 32% of all medical costs in 2030 vs. 21% in 2012
Airlines spending: $5 billion to cater for heavier passengers (over 2 decades)
$285,000/y/company spent on obesity related lack of productivity and absenteeism
$4 billion / year for additional gasoline as cars carry heavier passengers
A 6% obesity increase from 2012 to 2030 will lead to:
Mayor Bloomberg says
costs of treating obesity
will ‘bury all of us’
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Obesity Metrics The medical costs for people who are obese are $1,429 higher than those of
normal weight
Non Hispanic blacks have a 49.5% obesity rate vs. 31% in non Hispanic whites
400,000 premature deaths per year in the USA
7% of non obese children become obese adults
77% of obese children become obese adults
Fattest state: Mississippi (34.9% - entire population)
Leanest state: Colorado (20.7% - entire population)
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Obesity MetricsAll rights reserved © 2013
Nutritional Origins of Obesity Processed foods (high GI of foods)
Portion sizes average US restaurant meal now 4X larger than it was in the 1950s; average hamburger was 3.9 oz, now 12+ ounces; average French fries was 2.4 oz, now 7 oz; average soda was 7 oz to 40 oz
Unstructured meal times
Fast food. Adults average of 11.3% of daily calories consumedfrom fast food in 2007-2010
Snacking. The average American eats 4.9 snacks and meals daily -- a 29% increase since the 1970s!
Ubiquity of food. “Food is everywhere you turn. It’s in pharmacies, in hardware stores.” [Thomas Farley, NYC Health Commissioner]
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Lifestyle Origins of Obesity Sedentary lifestyle: major changes due to labor-saving technologies
The rise of the culture of consumption
Automobile way of life 620h/year in commute = 35 lbs
Introduction of radio - TV - computer - video games 8.5h in front of a screen / day
Social clustering of obesity/thinness
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Remedies: Diets 1087: First ever recorded diet: England’s first King William I.
1830: Graham Diet
1863: Banting Diet (the first recorded low carb diet)
1879: First artificial sweetener (saccharine)
1900’s: Fletcherism
1920: Jean Nidetch (founder, Weight Watchers)
1977: Slim-Fast®
70’s and 80’s: The Mayo Clinic Diet
80’s: High-protein diets
90’s – now: Paleo, vegan, raw, tubes, etc.
80% of dieters regain
all lost weight
Weight loss market size: $12 billion
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Remedies: Drugs• Alli (Orlistat, originally Xenical): reduces intestinal fat absorption
• Metformin (Glucophpage): reduces blood glucose levels
• Byetta (Exenatide): reduces blood glucose levels
• Qsymia (Phentermine/Topiramate): appetite suppressant
• Belviq (Lorcaserin): appetite suppressant
• Symlin (Pramlintide): controls blood glucose; currently being tested in non-diabetics as a treatment for obesity
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Remedies: Lifestyle Changes
Eliminate calorie-counting and
restrictive diet approaches
Introduce a varied nutritional diet
which draws from all food groups
1st step +
2nd stepReplace monotonous
gym with daily integrative exercises
3rd stepAddress
emotional/mental issues which contribute
greatly to obesity
Empower individuals with real information
on the body, nutrition, and fitness
+
+
1 small change per day: Daily small changes yield better results
(Berkeley study)
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Remedies: Lifestyle Changes
Encourage mindful home cooking vs.
oversized fast-food portions
Educate and inform on healthy fast-food
options4th step +
5th stepOffer unlimited
support (affordable personal coaching)
6th step Organize healthy living communities
Monitor daily
+
+
Combat powerful advertising for quick-
fix weight loss methods
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Remedies: SurgeryRestrictive Surgery (ie. sleeve gastrectomy; adjustable gastric
banding surgery): Removal or closure of a section of the stomach to limit the amount of food it can hold and cause a feeling of fullness
Malabsorptive Surgery (ie. gastric bypass): Shortening the length of the small intestine, and/or changing where it connects to the stomach to limit the amount of food that is completely digested or absorbed
Combination of Restrictive & Malabsorptive Procedures (ie. Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass Surgery, “gold standard”): tend to produce more weight loss than either procedure does on its own. Studies show that after 10 to 14 years, patients on average have only gained back 10-13% of the lost weight.
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