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PAS Project 1
Presentation from the Workshop on
Innovations for Scaling up to Citywide Sanitation
October 16-17, 2012, Ahmedabad
Organised by PAS Project, CEPT University
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Struc tur ing C i ty Sani ta t ion P lans -
Exper iences f rom Pur i -Konark and Varanas i
Saswat Bandyopadhyay CEPT University
Puri-Konark
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Varanasi
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Varanasi
1961-71 1971-81 1981-91 1991-01
Varanasi Urban Agglomeration 23.85 % 25.5 % 29.48 % 16.69 %
Varanasi (Nagar Nigam) 23.89 % 22.45 % 28.57 % 14.47 %
23.85 25.5
29.48
16.69
23.89 22.45
28.57
14.47
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
1961-71 1971-81 1981-91 1991-01
Growth Rate Comparision
Varanasi U.A. Varanasi (MC)
Year 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001
Population (in Lakhhs) 4.9 6.2 7.7 10.3 12.0
2.1 2.7 3.6
4.9 6.2
7.7
10.3
12.0
0.0
2.0
4.0
6.0
8.0
10.0
12.0
14.0
1931 1941 1951 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001
Population of Varanasi UA
Population In Lakhs
Census 2011- 15,50,000
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TOURIST INFLOW
25.9 27.0 28.1 30.5
1.0 1.1
1.4
1.4
0.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
2002 2003 2004 2005
Foreign
Domestic
(in Lakhs)
Source: CDP, Varanasi
Average Annual Tourist Inflow 3.5 Million in 2010
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Sanitation Ranking of Varanasi
NUSP Grades cities according to the ranking as follows
RED Cities on the brink of public health & environment 'emergency' and needing immediate remedial action. <33
BLACK Needing considerable improvement <34<=66 BLUE Recovering but still diseased <67<=90 GREEN Healthy and clean city <91<=100
Chandigarh is the Highest ranking city with a score of 73.48 among 423 cities ranked by NUSP
Varanasi ranks low The sanitation score is that of 27.084 It is in the Red Category
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Output Related Process Related Outcome Related (50) (30) (20)
9.164 (18.38%)
10.60 (35.33 %)
7.3 (36.5%)
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Need for CSP
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Process
Primary and Secondary Investigations
Reconnaissance Survey
Primary Survey Focus Group Discussions
Stakeholder Consultations
Baseline Information Processing
Base map generation Existing infrastructure
levels Understanding
Proposals under DPR Demand projections
Demand supply gap
Assessment in special areas
Institutional arrangement
DPR appraisal
Analysis
Identification of issues
Time based- Short medium long
Technological and funding options
Awareness strategies
Special area recommendation
Recommendations
Pilot interventions
Institutional roles and responsibilities
Policy interventions Capacity Building and handholding
Financial proposals
Implementation Plan
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REVIEW OF PAST & ONGOING PROPOSALS / SCHEMES
CDP- Varanasi DPRs •Water Supply •Sewerage (Trans Varuna) •Solid Waste Management •Storm Water Drainage
Other Documents •Ganga Action Plan • JBIC
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Overview of Activities under CSP
Identification Hotspots, OD Areas
Survey of Community & Public Toilet Blocks
HH Surveys (1500 HHs)
Investigations of Storm & Surface water Quality
Tourist & Traders Survey (about 100)
Consultation with Key city Officials & Depts.
Consultation with Key Stakeholders
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CSP, Varanasi-Key Discussions Formation of CTF • Officials of VNN, VDA, DUDA, UP Jal Nigam/Jal Sansthan,
Ganga Pollution Control Unit etc, • Representatives of major Civil Society, NGOs, Media &
Academia
1st CTF on 9th June, 2010 • To provide a platform for different stakeholders to raise their
concerns • To Get their opinion on the methodology to proceed further
for the CSP
2nd CTF 25th August, 2010 • Draft sanitation status of the city was presented • Feedbacks obtained • State Level Presentation, January, 2011, Luck now
3rd CTF 29th August, 2011 Draft sanitation Plan of the city was presented Discussion Presentation VNN, December, 2011 4th CTF 19 May, 2012
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CSP, Varanasi
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Key Sanitation Issues
Sanitation for Urban Poor
Lack of access to
sanitation for Tourist
Open Defecation /
Urination Poor Septage Management
Choking of Open Drains
leads to Water
Logging
Sewer lines mixed to
water supply lines
SWM: Multiple
Handling of Waste
Frequent clogging of
Strom Water drains
Water Quality
Sanitation database
Management and ULB
Manpower/ Capacity
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INSTITUTIONAL ISSUES
Sector Description VMC JKS UPJN VDA DUDA
GPU UPPCB DE
VELO
PMEN
T PL
AN Urban Development Plan, Building
Regulations, Layout Approval √
WAT
ER
SUPP
LY Plan, Design & Construction √
HH Connection √ O/M √ User Charges √
SAN
ITAT
ION
HH Connection √ Design Approval √ HH Discharge Approval √ Community Toilet √ √ Public Toilet √
SEW
ERAG
E Plan, Design & Construction √ HH Connection √ Operation & Maintenance √ Sewage Treatment Plant √ √ Disposal √ √ √
STRO
M
WAT
ER
DRAI
NAG
E Plan, Design & Construction √ Operation & Maintenance √
SOLI
D W
ASTE
M
ANAG
EMEN
T
Collection √ Storage √ Transportation √ Sorting & Processing √ Disposal √
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CSP-Nirmal Kashi 2020
1 100% Status
Expected Scenario
Access to Toilets Sewerage System Solid Waste Management
Storm Water Management
Totally Sanitized City
Access to Toilets for Floating Population
With small incremental steps Varanasi can become totally sanitized by 2020
Nirmal Kashi by 2020
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Key Proposal - Access to Toilets
Public and Community Toilets in the city are inadequate and under-maintained. Major urban poverty pockets do not have access to toilets.
Add a collage of relevant images
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Kashi Parivartan Proposals
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Key Proposal : Visible Pilot Interventions
Areas Prone to Open Defecation
• Near Railway Station, • Ghats, • Along River Varuna and Assi Nalla, • Railway Tracks along Sackar Talav
City Roads Prone to Open
Urination
• Vidhyapeeth Road • Bus Stand Road • All major city roads
Major Tourist Sites
• Dashashwamedh to Gadauliya • Kashi vishwanath Temple • Durga temple
Major Ghats Stretches-
• From Harishchandra Ghat to Manikarnika Ghat
Major Kunds • Pishach mochan • Durga Kund • Laxmi Kund • Pushkar Talab
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Kashi Parivartan Centre – Mainstreaming CSP
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Dashashwamedh Ghat
Manikarnika Ghat
1.8 km in length, Covers Temples of different types Places of Heritage Value Ghats for different purposes Eidgah Food bazaars
Ghat Walk
Ghat Boat ride
Pilot Proposals - Linking CSP with Ghat Heritage Walk
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Puri Konark Development Authority Area (PKDA), Odhisa
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21
Name of Zone Location Area ( in Ha) Percentage area of PKDA Population Percentage population of PKDA
Zone 1 - Puri Sadar Puri Sadar 4781.51 20% 14880 7% Puri Town Puri 1629 7% 157837 74% Zone 2 - Block A Block A 2087.54 9% 1667 1% Zone 3 - Block A 3933.14 17% 6381 3% Zone 4 - Block A 4029.65 17% 9190 4% Zone 5 - Konark Konark 3493.59 15% 16979 8% Zone 6 - Block B Block B 3436 15% 6872 3%
Total 23390.43 213806
PKDA
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Sanitation Hotspots
Lack of Toilet Access Poor design and maintenance of the existing stock
Open Defecation and Urination High Floating Population
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Solid Waste Management
Sanitary workers restrict themselves to sweeping of streets and cleaning of drains. However only major roads are cleaned daily. Waste is dumped along major drains and water bodies posing a severe health hazard and rendering the Puri town un-aesthetic.
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` Options for MSW Landfill Site
Provision of Sanitation Infrastructure in CDP and Local Area Plans
Land for Public Toilet Infrastructure
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Access to Toilets- Attractive Design & PPP
Building footprint -151 sq m 5 bathing+5 toilets each Special Design Concerns for community toilets
Lighted in the night Not farther than 100m from the farthest house Public awareness for water conservation Monthly user card system Spill over areas
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Integrating City Sanitation Plan and City Development Plan/Strategy
Linking CSP with City Development Strategy • City wide development of ponds, kunds etc. • Linking with Schools, Institutions, Temples and other major development projects • Provision of Land for City Sanitation Infrastructure
Some Thoughts
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Planning for Smart Goals Avoiding overambitious targets
Short Term – Cost effective and visible interventions
Medium Term – Strengthening present systems to increase efficiency
Long Term – Development of Infrastructure
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Focus on Special Areas, Zones
Special areas like Ghats, Kunds would require special attention and specific interventions.
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Some thoughts- Urban Capacity Development
Initial Focus on Urban Planning and Management Capacity Development rather than a specific sector
Long Term Handholding Support and Help Desk
Urban Partnerships- Engagement with Local University /Resource Institutions
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Thank You Email: [email protected]