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Synthesis of p38α MAP kinase inhibitors
By: Vita Koren (100481835)
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Introduction – The MAP kinase Pathway
Enzymes that catalyze the transfer of a phosphate from ATP to the needed molecule
Involved in growth, proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis of cells
Cancer invasion = loss of control of the above functions
2Dhillon, A., Hgan, S., Rath, O. and Kolch, W. (2007). MAP kinase signalling pathways in cancer. Oncogene. 26: 3279-3290
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The p38α Component of MAP kinase
p38α------------------
3Roux, P and Blenis, J. (2004). ERK and p38 MAPK-Activated Protein Kinases: a Family of Protein Kinases with Diverse Biological Functions. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev. 68(2): 320-344
Activated during the secondary phosphorylation Important role in regulation of cytokine
production in response to stressTNF-αIL-1β
Promotes diseases Rheumatoid ArthritisType 1 DiabetesCancer
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Previously Discovered Inhibitors
Several inhibitors have been found
p38α is sensitive to these inhibitors at submicromolar IC50 values
4Alessi, D., Cuenda, A., Cohen, P., Dudley, D. and Saltiel, A. (1995). PD 098059 Is a Specific Inhibitor of the Activation of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinase in Vitro and in Vivo. Biol Chem, 270: 27488-27494
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Potency of Experimental Molecule Goal: Develop and optimize stable methodology for the
preparation of an initial scaffold which can be applied towards drug development of modified new p38α MAP kinase inhibitor
5Baur, B., Storch, K., Martz, K., Goettert, M., Richters, A., Rauh, D. and Laufer, S. (2013). Metabolically Stable Dibenzo[b,e]oxepin-11(6H)‑ones as Highly Selective p38 MAP Kinase Inhibitors: Optimizing Anti-Cytokine Activity in Human Whole Blood. MedChem. 8561-8578
O
O
dibenzo[b,e]oxepin-11(6H)-one
O
O
3-phenylbenzo[c]oxepin-5(1H)-one
vs.
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Proposed Synthesis
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OH
OH
OH
O-PG O-PG
O-PG
OH
O-PG
O
OH
O
O
O
H
O
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Protection of Alcohol
Reaction TBDMSCl (equiv.)
Et3N (equiv.) Yield (%)
1 (air) 1.0 4.0 432 (argon) 1.0 4.0 0
3 (air) 0.9 4.5 55
OH
OH
OH
O
TBDMSClTriethylamine
CH2Cl2
Si
7Green, T. and Wuts, P. (1999). Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis. Wiley-Interscience, New York, 127-141, 708-711
Reaction TBDMSCl (equiv.)
Et3N (equiv.) Yield (%)
1 (air) 1.0 4.0 432 (argon) 1.0 4.0 0
3 (air) 0.9 4.5 55
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Procedure
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OH
OH
OH
O
TBDMSClTriethylamine
CH2Cl2
Si
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1H NMR SpectraOH
OSi
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Oxidation of the AlcoholH
OSolventSi
Oxidizing agentOH
OSi
O
101. Corey, E. and Suggs, J. (1975). Pyridinium chlorochromate is a readily available, stable reagent, that oxidizes a wide variety of alcohols to carbonyl compounds with high efficiency. Tetrahedron Lett. 16: 2647-2650 2. Rowlands, G. (2002). Oxidation and Reduction. Sussex. Retrieved from: http://www.massey.ac.nz/~gjrowlan/oxid/alco.pdf3. Bolm, C., Magnus, A. and Hildebrand, J. (2000). Catalytic Synthesis of Aldehydes and Ketones under Mild Conditions Using TEMPO/Oxone. Organic Lett. 2(8): 1173-1175
Reaction Reagents (equiv.)
Solvent Temperature
Time Yield (%)
1 Ca(ClO)2 (0.67) MeCNAcetic acid
H2O
0ºC 1 hr 20
2 MnO2 (1.1) Hexane -10 ºC 3 hrs 03 PCC (1.5) DCM r.t 2 hrs 60
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1H NMR SpectraH
OSi
O
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Introduction of Phenylacetylene
Reagents
SolventOSi
OH
OSi
H
O
Reaction
Reagents (equiv.) Solvent
Temperature
Time Yield (%)
1 Phenylacetylene (5.0)
n-butyllithium (5.0)
THF -78ºCrt 2 hrs 0
2 Phenylacetylene (1.3)
Zinc iodide (2.5)Triethylamine (2.5)
Toluene 80ºC 30 mins
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121.Taylor, C and Bolshan, Y. (2014). Metal- free synthesis of ynones from acyl chlorides and potassium alkynyltrifluoroborate salts. OrgLett. 16(2): 488-4912.Yuan, J., Wang, J., Zhang, G., Liu, C., Qi, X., Lan, Y., Miller, J., Kropf, A., Bunel, E. and Lei, A. (2015). Bimetallic zinc complex – active species in coupling of terminal alkynes with aldehydes via nucleophilic addition/ Oppenauer oxidation. Chem Commun. 51: 576-579
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1H NMR Spectra OH
OSi
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Proposed Mechanism
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H
OZnI
R
OH
R
H+
ZnI2
HI
ZnI
H
O
R
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More Oxidations
Reagents
Solvent
O
OSi
OH
OSi
Reaction
Reagents (equiv.)
Solvent
Temperature
Time
Yield (%)
1 PCC (1.5)
DCM r.t 2 hrs 65
15Corey, E. and Suggs, J. (1975). Pyridinium chlorochromate is a readily available, stable reagent, that oxidizes a wide variety of alcohols to carbonyl compounds with high efficiency. Tetrahedron Lett. 16: 2647-2650
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13C NMR Spectra
O
OSi
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Removal of the Protecting Group
Reagents
Solvent
O
OH
O
OSi
17Fuestro, S., Sancho, A., Acena, J. and Sanz-Cervera, J. (2009). Flurous TBAF: A convenient and selective reagent for fluoride-mediate deprotections. J. Org Chem. 74: 6398-6401
Reaction
Reagents (equiv.)
Solvent Temperature
Time Yield (%)
1 Cs2CO3 (1.0) DMF/H2O
100ºC 1 hr 0
2 TBAF (1.5) DMF r.t 1 hr 03 TBAF (2.5) DMF r.t 3 hrs 04 HF (1.9) DMF r.t 1 hr 05 TBAF (1.1) DMF -10ºC 1 hr 06 HF-pyridine DMF r.t 40
mins0
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Conclusion Significant progress for the synthesis of initial
scaffold for an inhibitor of p38α MAP kinase has been made
Protection, oxidation and propargylic alcohol addition was accomplished
The compound has never been synthesized and needs to be optimized
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O
OSi
OH
OH
4 Steps
250 mg 23 mg9%
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Future Direction
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O
O
3-phenylbenzo[c]oxepin-5(1H)-oneOH
O
O
O
Si
OH
OHO
O
H
Si
X
O
OX
2 Steps 4 Steps
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Acknowledgements A huge thank you to my supportive and
insightful supervisor Dr. Bolshan for all his help inside and outside the laboratory
Thank you to Kayla for always answering my questions and providing great advice
Pleasure working alongside all of my lab companions: Ifedi, Stefan, Dylan and William
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