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Present Perfect: Since and For
Bill Gates and Microsoft
6
Focus on Grammar 3Part IV, Unit 16By Ruth Luman, Gabriele Steiner, and BJ WellsCopyright © 2006. Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
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Who Is Bill Gates? Bill Gates is one of the richest and most
successful business executives in the world. Millions of people have used his computer programs for the past three decades.
Bill Gates has always loved working with computers. In fact, he has programmed computers since his early teens.
He has been the CEO of Microsoft Corporation since 1975. Since then, Bill Gates has written several books and has given billions of dollars to schools. For the last several years, he and his wife Melinda have donated a substanial amount of money to organizations working in global health.
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Form 1
The present perfect is formed with:
Bill Gates has beenhas been the CEO since 1975.
Many people have usedhave used Microsoft’s programs.
+form of have
past participle
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Form 2
Past participles can be regularregular or irregularirregular.
Gates has always loved loved working with computers.
The regular form of the past participle isbase form of verb + -d or -ed.
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Gates has beenhas been the CEO since 1975.
He and his wife have givenhave given lots of money to schools.
Form 3
There are many irregular past participles.
Past participles can be regular or irregular.
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Form 4
Note these common irregular past participlescommon irregular past participles.
write – written give – given
be – been see – seen
read – read do
– done
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Bill Gates has been CEO of Microsoft since 1975.
Present Perfect Use the present perfect to talk about something that
began in the past and continues into the present (and may continue into the future).
future
1975
past
now
since 1975.
has been CEO
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Bill Gates has written several books since 1975.
Using Since 1
Use the present perfect with since + point in time to show when something started.
future
1975
past
now
since 1975.
has written several books
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Gates has programmed computers since he was 13 years old.
Using Since 2
SinceSince can also introduce a time clause.
future
age 13
past
nowsince he was 13 years old.
has programmed computers
time clause
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Change the sentences to present perfect. Add the since phrase in parentheses and delete any past tense time phrases.
Maria was in the garden yesterday. (since 9 a.m.)since 9 a.m.)
Practice 1
Maria has been in the garden since 9 a.m.
1. Bill Gates wrote many emails yesterday. (since 1975)since 1975) 2. They gave a lot of books to schools last year. (since 1990)since 1990)
3. I saw many friends last weekend. (since I came home)since I came home)
4. My sister read many articles last night. (since last August)since last August)
5. My friend worked at a pizza place a year ago. (since 2003)since 2003)
Example:
Bill Gates has written many emails since 1975.
They have given a lot of books to schools since 1990.
I have seen many friends since I came home.
My sister has read many articles since last August.
My friend has worked at a pizza place since 2003.
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Millions of people have used Gates’s software for the last three decades.
Using For
Use for + length of time to show how long something has lasted.
futurepast
nowfor the last three decades.
have used Gates’s software
for three decades
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Since and For
Note the difference between sincesince and for for .
five o’clockyesterday
last summer1996
he was a child
since + point in time
for + length of time
ten minutestwo days
three decadesmany yearsa long time
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Complete the sentences with since or for.
Bill Gates has been married to Melinda French Gates ___________ 1994.
Practice 2
1. Computers have been used in schools __________ more than a decade.2. I have had a computer in my office __________ the mid-1990s.
3. Many students have worked with computers __________ many years.
4. My computer hasn’t given me any problems __________ last year.
Example:
sincesince
forfor
sincesince
forfor
sincesince
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References
Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education and its licensors. All rights reserved.