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PHARMACEUTICAL COLORINGAGENTS AND FLAVORING AGENTS
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Acidifying Agent Alkalinizing Agent Adsorbent
Aerosol Propellant
Air Displacement
Antifoaming Agent Antifungal Preservative
Antimicrobial Preservative
Antioxidant
Buffering Agent
Chelating Agent
Coloring Agent Emulsifying Agent
Encapsulating Agent
Flavoring Agent
Humectant
Levigating Agent
Ointment Bases
Solvents
Stiffening Agent
Suppository Bases
Surfactant
Suspending Agent Sweetening Agent
Tablet Antiadherent
Tablet Binder
Tablet & Capsule Diluent
Tablet Coating
Tablet Disintegrant Tablet Glidants
Tablet Lubricant
Tablet Polishing Agent
Tonicity Agent
Vehicles
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(Coloring Agents, Colorants)
(sulfur)
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1.
2.
3.
4.
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1.
2.
3.
4. , , hydrolysis, , oxidizing agent, reducingagent pH
5. 6. 7. 8.
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chromophore
Azo - N = N -
Nitroso - N = O
Nitro -+N
Azoxy - N = N+- O
-
Azomethine - CH = N
Carbonyl = C = O
Ethenyl = C = C =
Thio = C = S
O-
O
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1. 1. 2.
2. 1. 2.
3.
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(dye)
, glycerin, alcohol glycol ether amaranth
, volatile oil, non-volatileoil, scarlet red
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(Pigment)
(lake) dye substrate Ca Al
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Red Ferric Oxide, Yellow Ferric Oxide,
Titanium Dioxide, Carbon Black
Chlorophyll, Anatenes, Beta-carotene,Alizarin, Indigo, Flavones (Riboflavin, Rutin,Hesperidin, Quercetin), Saffron
Tyrian purple, Cochineal
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(shade)
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Mauviene Perkins purple
WH Perkin
Quinine
aniline coal tar
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( reducingagent)
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1. Azo: D&C orange No.17, FD&C Yellow No.6
2. Anthraquinone: D&C Green No.5, D&C Violet No.2
3. Indigoid: D&C Blue No.6, FD&C Blue No.2
4. Triaryl, Triphenylmethane: FD&C Blue No.1,5. Xanthene: D&C Orange No.10, FD&C Red No.3
6. Quinoline: D&C Yellow No.11
7. Pyrazolone: FD&C Yellow No.5 (Tartrazine)
8. Thiazine: FD&C Blue No.1 (Methylene blue)
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USFDA
1. FD&C colorants
2. D&C colorants
3. External D&C colorants
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1. 2. 3.
4. 5. 6.
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, , , ,oxidazing agent, reducing agent,
Quinoline
Anthraquinone
Triphenylmethane
Azo
Fluolane
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polyvalent ion Mg, Ca, Al
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(dye) lake ,
, , , , pH
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Federal Name Common Name
Solubility (g/100 ml) at 25C
Water Alcohol50%
Glycerin PG
FD&C Blue No.1FD&C Blue No.2
FD&C Green No.3
FD&C Red No.3
FD&C Red No.4
FD&C Red No.40
FD&C Yellow No.5
FD&C Yellow No.6
Brilliant Blue FCFIndigo Carmine
Fast Green FCF
Erythrosine
Ponceau SX
Allura Red AC
Tartrazine
Sunset Yellow FCF
20.01.6
20.0
9.0
11.0
22.0
20.0
19.0
20.00.3
20.0
1.0
1.0
1.3
4.0
3.0
20.01.0
20.0
20.0
5.8
3.0
18.0
20.0
20.00.1
20.0
20.0
2.0
1.5
7.0
2.2
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5.0 - 10.0 m 12 - 25 % 40 - 45 / 100 15 - 20 / .
1.7 - 2.0 pH 4.0 - 8.0
FD&C lake
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(liquids, solutions): 0.0005
0.001%
stock solution
(powders, tablets): 0.1% dry blending, ,
trituration, geometric dilution
Emulsion & suspension: 0.005%
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Gothe
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Amaranth:
rat Erythrosine:
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(Flavoring Agents, Flavorants)
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(taste buds) 4
(sweet taste) (bitter taste) (sour taste) (salty taste)
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1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
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: hydrogen ion , tannins, alum, phenol, lactone
: ion
ammonium chloride, sodium salicylate : OH, aliphatic halogen -amino acid saccharin,cyclamates
: free bases alkaloid amides, OH > 300, sodium bromide, aliphatic thio(sulfur)
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1. 2. 3. (flavor syrups)4. (aromatic oils)5.
(synthetic, Imitation
flavors)
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1. Sucrose linctuses elixirs Monosaccharide: glucose, dextrose (invert sugar), xylitol
Polysaccharide: cellulose, dextran, lactulose
Invert syrup(fructose + glucose) Sorbitol
sucrose:
Sucrose 100 Fructose 173
Glucose 74 Maltose 32
Galactose 32 Lactose 16
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2.
3 Saccharin (500)
Cyclamate
Aspartame (200)
acesulfame (200)
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NaCl KCl
black current
syrup, cherry syrup, rasberry syrup, lemon syrup,
citrus syrup
ginger syrup, liquorice liquid extract
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Anise Caraway
Cinnamon
Clove Dill
Ginger
Lemon
Orange
peppermint
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Amyl butyrate -
Vanillin - Vanilla Menthol
Benzaldehyde - almond
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5
1. (Blending)2. (Overshadow)3. (Physical)4.
(Chemical)
5. (Physiological)
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(Blending)
vanillin, monosodium glutamate,
benzaldehyde
(Overshadow) ,glycyrrhiza, oleoresins
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(Physical)
emulsify emulsion
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(Chemical)
substrate resins ion exchange
(Physiochemical) menthol mint
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1. 2. 3.
4. (texture)5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
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Rasberry syrup
hydrochloric acid
Acacia syrup mucilage capsicum
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Cinnamon syrup ammonium chloride sodiumsalicylate
Orange syrup
Citric acid syrup Cherry syrup
Cocoa syrup
Wild cherry syrup
Rasberry syrup
Glycyrrhiza syrup
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Cocoa syrup ammonium quinine
Rasberry syrup
Cocoa syrup
Cherry syrup
Cinnamon syrup Compound sarsaparilla syrup
Citric acid syrup
liquorice syrup
Aromatic elixir
Orange syrup
Wild cherry syrup
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wintergreen oil, peppermint, lemon, orange anise
emulsify primary emulsion
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- -
- mint
wine
- cherry - lemon
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sorbitol, gum, PVP, cellulose
polymer
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oxidation hydrolysis
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Menthol, Peppermint oil Oleoresins of capsicum Licorice
0.01 - 0.02%
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Cyclamate
rat
sorbitol, saccharin,aspartame galactosemia lactose
Sorbitol fructose fructose
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THANK YOU FORYOUR ATTENTION