Download - Presentación Estimulacion en Areniscas .ppt
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Production Enhancement
Sandstone Acidizing
Sandstone 2000 Acid System
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Sand formations damaged by mud invasion or mud filter
cakes Sand formations containing clay-type debris or silt
Formations with low natural permeability
Formations requiring clean up prior to sand control
treatments or testing
Sand formations damaged by fines migration due to
injection or production
Gas, water injection and disposal wells with permeability
problems Formations with plugged screens, liners or perforations
Gravel packed wellsrequiring clean out
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Potassium feldspar
Sodium feldspar
Illite clay Zeolites
Carbonates
Bentonite, Kaolinite and other clays
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Sandstone Acidizing
Whats the Damage Mechanism?
What are the Well Parameters?
How Should We Treat the Well?
How Did the Treatment Work?
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Well Parameters
FORMATION MINERALOGY
BHST
Permeability
Formation Fluids - oil, brine
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Treatment Design
Is HF the Fluid of Choice?
HF Fluid Design - Sandstone 2000 Acidizing Systems
Preflush Considerations - Sandstone 2000 Formation
Conditioning Systems
Overflush Considerations
Diversion
Coiled Tubing
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Treatment Analysis
MATRIX Program
Production Results
Returns Analysis
Apply Experience to Future Wells
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Core Analysis
Mineralogy determination
X-ray Diffraction (XRD)
Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)
Thin Section Petrographic Analysis
Core Flow Testing
Permeability Profiles
Effluent Analysis
Modeling
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Compatibility Testing
Oil-Acid-Brine Compatibility Emulsion Testing
Sludging/Precipitation
Acid-Rock Compatibility
Drilling Mud, Completion Fluids, . . .`
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27 October 2014
CHEMISTRY OF HF ACIDIZING
Understanding of HF Reactions
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Primary Reaction
6HF + SiO2--------- H2SiF6+ 2H2
2HF + CaCO3 ------ CaF2!+ 2H2O + CO2
36HF + Al2Si4O10(OH)2--------------4H2SiF6+ 2H3AlF6+ 12H2O
HF + Al-Si ----------- AlFx(3-x) ( x: 1-6 ) +
H2SiF6
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Primary Reaction ( continued )
HF Reacts to Spent HF HF Dissolving Power
Mostly Silicon Fluorides in Solution
Only a Little HCl Consumed
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Secondary Reaction
H2SiF6+ 3Al2Si4O10(OH)2 + 12HCl + 4H2O --
------
6AlF+2 + 12Cl-+ 12H2SiO3+ Si(OH)4!
H2SiF6 + (Na,K) --------- Na,K2SiF6! + 2H+
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Secondary Reaction ( continued )
Silicon Fluorides React
Secondary Silica Precipitation
Fluosilicate Precipitation
Only Aluminum Fluorides Remaining
Lots of HCl consumed
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The Secondary Reaction
-90-80-70-60-50
min
ute
s
7
13
19
30
50
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Tertiary Reaction
y AlFx(3-x) + Al-Si + HCl-----------
x AlFy(3-y) ( y < x ) + Si ( OH)4!
Evidence of Reaction: Low F/Al Ratio( method: NMR Spectroscopy )
Prone to alumino-silicate scaling
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The Tertiary Reaction
-90-80-70-60-50
min
ute
s
97
162
257
384
1296
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Sandstone Completion Acid
Fines Control Acid
K-Spar Acid
Volcanic Acid
Silica Scale Acid
Sandstone 2000 Acid System
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FORMATION CONDITIONING SYSTEMS
Mud-Flush, N-Ver-Sperse, solvents, HCl
Gidleys CO2 Conditioner
CLAYFIX 5 Conditioner
CLAY-SAFE 5 Conditioner
CLAY-SAFE H Conditioner
Sandstone 2000 Acid System
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HF Incompatible with Na-Spar
0 20 40 60 80 100
% Secondary Reaction
0
1
2
Concen
tration(M)
12% HCl - 3% HF
200 F
Na - Released
Na - Tolerance
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HF Compatible with Na-Spar
0 20 40 60 80 100
% Secondary Reaction
0
1
2
Concentration(M)
13.5% HCl - 1.5% HF
200 F
Na - Released
Na - Tolerance
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HF Incompatible with K-Spar
0 20 40 60 80 100
% Secondary Reaction
0
1
2
Conce
ntration(M)
13.5% HCl - 1.5% HF
200 F
K - Tolerance
K - Released
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HF Compatible with K-Spar
0 20 40 60 80 100
% Secondary Reaction
0
1
2
Concentration(M)
9% HCl - 1% HF
200 F
K - Tolerance
K - Released
A li i N S
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Application to Na-Spar
Te m p F HF B le n d
T > 175 13 .5% HCl - 1 .5% HF
T < 175 9% HCl - 1% HF
A li ti t K S
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Application to K-Spar
Te m p F HF B le n d
T > 2 5 0 1 3 .5 % HCl - 1 .5 % HF
2 5 0 > T > 2 0 0 9 % HCl - 1 % HF
2 0 0 > T > 1 7 5 7 % HCl - 0 .7 5 % HF
1 7 5 > T > 1 2 5 6 % HCl - 0 .5 % HF
1 2 5 > T > 1 0 0 6 % HCl - 0 .4 % HF
R l f C b t
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Role of Carbonate
Preflush Volumes
Returns Analyses
Lowers HCl:HF ratio Aluminum Precipitation Within the Matrix
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HCl (15%) Volume for Removing Carbonates
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
R (ft)
0
100
200
300
Volu
me
(gal/ft)
1%
2%
3%
5%
10%
P t ti f S t HF
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Penetration of Spent HF
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
R (ft)
0
100
200
300
Volu
me
(gal/ft)
10%
20%
30%
I E h i Mi l
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Mineral CEC Rating
feldspars, kaolinite 0
illite, chlorite 20mixed layer clays 20 - 80
smectite, mica 80 - 100
zeolites 100 - 250
Ion Exchanging Minerals
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Injection of 6% KNO3
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Injection of 6% KNO3
0 250 500 750
Volume (ml)
0.50
0.75
1.00
1.25
1.500.5 ft
1.0 ft
1.5 ft
2.0 ft
2.5 ft
3.0 ft
Permeability
Ratio
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A idi P bl
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Avoiding Problems
Brine Compatibility
Before Ion Exchange
After Ion Exchange
Useful Brines
5% NH4Cl
7% KCl
6% NaCl
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Clay Instability Ratings (CIR)
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Clay Instability Ratings (CIR)
50 100 150 200 250 300 350Temperature F
0
25
50
75
100
CIR
Kaolinit
e
Feldspar
Illite
Analcim
e
Chlo
rite
S
mectite
Acetic Acid in Sandstones
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Acetic Acid in Sandstones
Does NOT Ion Exchange
Does NOT Prevent Swelling
Does NOT Dissolve Iron Scales Slow to Dissolve Carbonates
Easily Inhibited
Avoiding Problems
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Avoiding Problems
Use 5% NH4Cl Preflushes
Use 5% NH4Cl in Acetic Acid Small HCl pickling Stage
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