Download - Presentacion Deltares
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30-Mar-10 1
Observing the Earth from the space.
A Satellite Radar Application
Álvaro MuñozSupervisor: Victor Hopman
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30-Mar-10 2
Introduction
• Background
– Land reclamation
– Soft unconsolidated soil
– Expected subsidence
– Need for monitoring
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30-Mar-10 3
Introduction
• Monitoring with Remote Sensing
– Sensors apart from objects
– Measurement--> Energy emitted/reflected
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Introduction• Remote Sensing Techniques
• Source of Energy
• Active/Pasive
• Electromagnetic Spectrum
• Optical/Thermal/Microwave
• Platform
• Manned-Unmanned Plane/Helicopter
• Kites
• Satellite
Active+Microwave+Satellite
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30-Mar-10 5
Remote Sensing with Satellite RADAR
• Radar Satellite Orbits
– Elliptical
– Near Polar
– Sun-Synchronous
– Height
• 500-1000 km
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• Active Sensor
– Measurement: Backscattering
Remote Sensing with Satellite RADAR
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• Polarization Dependent
– Example
• Horizontal+Vertical polarization
• Acquisition Geometry
– Azimuth (along track)
– Range (cross track)
Remote Sensing with Satellite RADAR
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• Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR)
Remote Sensing with Satellite RADAR
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• Complex Waveform
– Parameter: Amplitude• Conventional SAR
• Complex Waveform
– Parameter: Phase• Interferometric SAR
(InSAR)
Remote Sensing with Satellite RADAR
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• Interferometric SAR
Remote Sensing with Satellite RADAR
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• Interferometric SAR
– Major limitation
• Temporal decorrelation
Remote Sensing with Satellite RADAR
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• Persistent Scatterer InSAR (PSInSAR)
Remote Sensing with Satellite RADAR
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• Persistent Scatterer InSAR (PSInSAR)
Remote Sensing with Satellite RADAR
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30-Mar-10 14
PSInSAR. Past Case Studies
• Deformation near the Wieliczka Salt Mine in Poland
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Salt Mine in Poland
• Subject and Motivations of the Study
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Salt Mine in Poland
• Available Data
• 51 images ERS-1/2 (ESA)
• 1992 to 2000
•Repeat cycle 34 days
• Single orbit direction
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30-Mar-10 17
Salt Mine in Poland• Experimental Results
– PS density
• Maximum=480 PS/km2 (center of Wieliczka)
• Minimum=30 PS/km2 (sparse urbanization areas)
• Average=92 PS/km2
– Comparison with subsidence maps � Agreement
• Leveling data 1970-2000
• PSInSAR data 1992-2000
– Field investigation
• Interpretation of Observations
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30-Mar-10 18
Salt Mine in Poland
• Experimental Results
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30-Mar-10 19
Salt Mine in Poland
• Conclusions
– Slow subsidence detected by PSInSAR
– Proof of utility of SAR archive
– Agreement leveling data
– More PS density --> Urban areas
– PS on landslide area
• Variability
• Horizontal displacement � limitation of PSInSAR
– Field inspection
• Confirmation of PSInSAR observations
• Hope for risk assessment
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30-Mar-10 20
PSInSAR. Recent Case Studies
• PSInSAR Analysis of damages during construction of parking near Koepoortbrug (Delft)
• Filter optimization for PSInSAR analysis
– Houtribdijk
• Monitoring Spoorzone Delft with PSInSAR
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• Subject and Motivations of the Study
Koepoortbrug
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• Available Data
Koepoortbrug
• Envisat (ESA)
• 2003 to 2006
•Every 35 days
• Single orbit direction
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• Experimental Results
Koepoortbrug
• Background: Amplitude SAR
• Overlaid: PS area of interest
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• Conclusions
– Historic data → normal behavior
– Envisat data not suitable. Reasons:
– Very sudden deformations
– Undersampling (35 day repetition rate)
– Possible change of orientation
• Temporal decorrelation
– Repair works
• Solution
– Another data set�
• Higher repetition rate
• Shorter wavelength (improve detectability)
Koepoortbrug
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30-Mar-10 25
PSInSAR. Recent Case Studies
• PSInSAR analysis of damages during construction of parking near Koepoortbrug (Delft)
• Filter optimization for PSInSAR analysis
– Houtribdijk
• Monitoring Spoorzone Delft with PSInSAR
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30-Mar-10 26
Houtribdijk
• Subject and Motivations of the Study
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• Available Data
Houtribdijk
• Envisat (ESA)
• 2003 to 2007
•Every 35 days
• Single orbit direction
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30-Mar-10 28
Houtribdijk
• Experimental Results
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30-Mar-10 29
Houtribdijk
• Conclusions
– Denoise filtering smooths time series
– Optimization: Triangular filter. Length 10-12 months
– Similar Performance: Gaussian filter > 12 months
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30-Mar-10 30
PSInSAR. Recent Case Studies
• PSInSAR analysis of damages during construction of parking near Koepoortbrug (Delft)
• Filter optimization for PSInSAR analysis
– Houtribdijk
• Monitoring Spoorzone Delft
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• Subject and Motivations of the Study
Spoorzone Delft
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• Available Data
Spoorzone Delft
38--- 40.5° 22.5--- 25.5°38--- 40.5° 22.5--- 25.5°38--- 40.5°38--- 40.5° 22.5--- 25.5°
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• Experimental Results
Spoorzone Delft
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Spoorzone Delft
• Experimental Results
IKEA parking:
• Soil subsidence
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• Experimental Results
– Correction of Geolocation (Reference: AHN&AHN2)
• Vertical offset (estimated height)
Spoorzone Delft
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• Experimental Results
– Correction of Geolocation (Reference: AHN&AHN2)
• Horizontal offset (estimated azimuth and range)
Spoorzone Delft
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• Experimental Results
– Correction of Geolocation (Reference: AHN&AHN2)
• Cross Sections
Spoorzone Delft
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• Experimental Results
– Combination of Ascending/Descending Orbits
Spoorzone Delft
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• Experimental Results
– Combination of Ascending/Descending Orbits
Spoorzone Delft
ASCENDING ORBIT
DESCENDING ORBIT
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• Experimental Results
– Thermal Expansion
Spoorzone Delft
Power of the technique:
• Detect thermal expansion in high buildings
Correlation:
• PSInSAR�thermal theory
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Spoorzone Delft
• Experimental Results
– Thermal Expansion
Vermeer Toren:
• 7,3mm vertical deformation
• (Thermal expansion)
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• Experimental Results
– Detectable Deformation
Spoorzone Delft
Side tilt1 mm
Subsidence1.09 mm
Front tilt7.7 mm
Side tilt1 mm
Subsidence1.09 mm
Front tilt7.7 mm
Side tilt1 mm
Subsidence1.09 mm
Front tilt7.7 mm
Side tilt1 mm
Subsidence1.09 mm
Front tilt7.7 mm
Side tilt1 mm
Subsidence1.09 mm
Front tilt7.7 mm
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Conclusions
• Power – Historic archive (past/future)
– Large coverage
– Cost
– Processing improvements
• Interpretation of observations not straightforward
• PS → physical entities?
PSInSAR can provide mm accuracy in detection of deformation
Monitoring Structures → Damage prevention