Download - Prenatel to One Year
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PRENATEL TO ONE YEAR
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Inherited
Determined at time of birth Teratogen Any substance that adversely affects
the developing chld Tobacco Alcohol Certain drugs (tetracycline) Viruses
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Reviewing APGAR
Assessment at 1 min and 5 min Color Reflex Heart rate Respiratory rate Muscle tone
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Baby’s Head
Large compared to rest of body Skull bones soft Anterior fontanel closes by 12-18
months Posterior closes by 4 months
Teeth by 6-7 months
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Physical Features
Average weight 7.5 pounds Average length 20 inches Boys > girls Skin is thin and delicate – vernix Skin may have hair- lanugo May be jaundiced First stool – meconium - yellow to
green then pasty yellow if breast fed
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Reflexes Swallowing Gagging Sneezing Blinking Rooting (4-6 months) Babinski- (3 months) Tonic neck – (head turned to one
side, arm and leg will follow) (5 months)
Sucking (6 months) Palmar Grasp-6 weeks to 3 months
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Gross Motor Skills
Large muscle groups Growth and development progress
downward for head to toe 2 months control head 3 months sits with support 7 months sits alone 10 months creeps 9-11 months stands with support 12-15 months – walks
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Erickson
Completing the task of trust Emotional bonds are known as
attachment = engrossment Encourage both parents to attach Temperament is inborn Parenteral guidance
Saying NO Substituting
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Cognitive Development
Cause and effect method – responding to new environment
Infant communicates by babbling and smiling
Infants learn to talk by mimicking words and building a vocabulary
By 1 year should say 4-6 words
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Fine Motor Skills
Refers to use hands and feet Follows proximodistal pattern
Shoulder movement before hands and finger movement
6 months hold a bottle 5 months purposeful reaching 7 months preferred hand
Grasping and releasing small objects 9 months drink from a cup
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Moral Development
They react to pain and love and judge behavior on how it affects them
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Communication
Crying (fingers in mouth – hungry/ pulling up les –gas/ high pitched noise 0 CNS injury)
Momma, dada
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Nutritional Needs
Breast milk or formula Solids around 5 months Add one new food at a time Wean from bottle about 8/9 months
(teeth)
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VS
Breast NO prep Free Mothers must be
present Moe easily digested Low in fat Promotes bonding Immunity Uterus contracts Weight loss
Bottle Requires prep More costly Frees up Mother’s
time
NOT High in fat Dad can bond Mother can eat
whatever Amount taken can be
measured
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Sleep
20 hours for newborn Light sleep marked by stirring
movements SIDS linked to sleep patterns (first 5
months) Put to sleep on back
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Play
Help infants learn about their environment
Play is solitary Bright toys No small parts
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Safety / Health
Most accidents are preventable Supervision at all times Regular check-ups – immunizations Good health habits
NEVER USE ASA FOR FEVER OR DISCOMFORT = MAY
LEAD TO REYE’S SYNDROME
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Doctor Visit
Fever > 100.4 Difficult or labored breathing Absence of stools or urine Persistent vomiting or diarrhea Extreme lethargy or hyperirritability