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LINCOLN COUNTY QUADRANGLES 1 Hunter 2 Ash Grove 3 Lincoln NW 4 Barnard 5 Ada 6 Sylvan Grove 7 Vesper 8 Lincoln 9 Shady Bend 10 Tescott

11 Wilson NW 12 Wilson NE 13 Westfall NW 14 Westfall 15 Juniata 16 Wilson 17 Black Wolf 18 Westfall SW 19 Westfall SE 20 Brookville SW

6 87 9

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EX PLANATION

Geologic Unit BoundariesConcea led conta ctObserved conta ct

Boundaries and LocationsCounty lineTownship/range lineSection line

Resource Developm entOpen gra vel pitMQuarryÇ

Transportation

Loca l roa dSta te highwa yAF18Airport runwa y

Geologic FeaturesCa lcite-cem ented concretion

Hydrology and TopographyPerennia l strea mInterm ittent strea mW a ter bodyW a ter body - m anm a de shoreline

Eleva tion contour (20-foot interva l)

Eleva tion contour (100-foot interva l)1000

Depression contour (100-foot interva l)1000Depression contour (20-foot interva l)

Funded in part by theUSGS National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program

Open-File Report 2016-8

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These descriptions are a compilation of several sources, including field notes and measured sections, Kansas Department of Transportation geological reports and profiles, and lithologic descriptions in Berry (1952), Bayne et al. (1971), and Arbogast and Johnson (1996). GEOLOGIC UNITS CENOZOIC

Quaternary System Pleistocene-Holocene Alluvium and terrace valley fill— Alluvium and terra ce va lley fill are found a long the Sa line River and its trib utaries. Floodpla in deposits conta in m ostly silt and cla y with som e sand. The thickness of the a lluvium ranges up to 60 ft (18 m ) in the Sa line River va lley and 20 ft (6 m ) in other m a jor trib utaries in the county (Berry, 1952).

MESOZOIC Cretaceous System – Upper Cretaceous Series

Carlile Shale—The Carlile Sha le conta ins three m em b ers. In ascending order, they are the Fa irport Cha lk Mem b er, the Blue Hill Sha le Mem b er, and the Codell Sandstone Mem b er. Only the lower part of the Fa irport Cha lk Mem b er is present in Lincoln County, where it is up to 20 ft (6 m ) thick and very sim ilar to the upper b eds of the Greenhorn Lim estone (Berry, 1952). It consists of a lternating b eds of thin, concretionary lim estone and cha lky m udrocks, as well as thin b entonite la yers. The Carlile Sha le caps the high hills in the northern and southwestern parts of the county. Greenhorn Lim estone— The Greenhorn Lim estone conta ins the following four m em b ers, in ascending order: the Lincoln Lim estone Mem b er, the Hartland Sha le Mem b er, the Jetm ore Cha lk Mem b er, and the Pfeifer Sha le Mem b er. Ea ch m em b er is 15 to 20 ft (5 to 6 m ) thick. The conta cts b etween the m em b ers are gra da tiona l and not easily recognized in the field. In genera l, the Greenhorn is light gra y to yellowish-gra y cha lky lim estone, cha lky m udrock, and cha lk. Severa l lim estone b eds conta in the fossil cla m Inoceramus sp. tha t is chara cteristic of the form a tion. The lower part of the Greenhorn (Lincoln Mem b er) is interb edded la yers of cha lky m udrock, cha lky lim estones, and dark gra y crysta lline lim estone near the b ase tha t has a strong petroliferous odor when freshly broken. The m iddle part (Hartland and Jetm ore Mem b ers) is cha lky m udrock with interb edded la yers of nodular lim estone, cha lky lim estone, and b entonite. The upper part of the form a tion (Pfeifer Mem b er) is interb edded thin cha lky lim estones and cha lky m udrocks conta ining b entonite sea m s and is capped b y the Fence-post lim estone b ed, a 0.7 ft (0.2 m ) thick lim estone tha t wea thers light tan with a rust-colored line in the m iddle. The Fence-post b ed has b een quarried extensively in Lincoln County. The Greenhorn is 65 to 90 ft (20 to 27 m ) thick in Lincoln County (Berry, 1952) and form s the prom inent escarpm ents of the upland areas in the northern, southwest, and south-centra l parts of the county. Graneros Shale— The Graneros Sha le is a gra y to dark gra y, nonca lcareous, fissile sha le tha t wea thers to light gra y and yellow-brown. Sm a ll fla kes of the light gra y fissile sha le are chara cteristic of the wea thered outcrop. Interb edded la yers of fossiliferous (predom ina tely Inoceramus sp. and Ostrea sp.) sandstone and lim estone (up to 2 ft [0.6 m ] thick) occur in the m iddle to lower part of the form a tion in Lincoln County, and thin (0.3 ft [0.1 m ]) b eds of lim estone often occur near the top. A 1 ft (0.3 m ) b entonite b ed m a y b e present near the top. Dissem ina ted gypsum and selenite crysta ls a lso occur in the Graneros. In Lincoln County, the thickness of the Graneros Sha le ranges from 20 to 45 ft (6 to 14 m ). The Graneros Sha le form s low hills a b ove the Da kota Form a tion a dja cent to the va lleys and gentle slopes b etween the Da kota and the Greenhorn Lim estone in the uplands. Landslides chara cterize the Graneros horizon.

Cretaceous System – Lower Cretaceous Series Dak ota Form ation— The Da kota Form a tion is com posed of two m em b ers: the lower Terra Cotta Cla y Mem b er and the upper Janssen Cla y Mem b er. The Da kota is com posed of varicolored cla y, cla ystone, and sha le with irregular and som etim es m assive lenses of siltstone and sandstone. The m udrocks are red-m ottled pa le-gra y, tan to brown cla y and silt. The interb edded sandstone lenses are fine to m edium gra ined, very light gra y to orange-tan to dark red-brown, and com m only poorly cem ented. Concretions and thick la yers of hard, gra y, ca lcite-cem ented sandstone (loca lly referred to as “Lincoln quartzite”) are found in Lincoln County in sm a ll, isola ted areas, b ut extensive deposits near Lincoln, Kansas are m ined for a ggrega te. The Da kota often conta ins lignite and carbona ceous fra gm ents, and sm a ll concretions and thin b eds of lim onite, siderite, and hem a tite occur as sca ttered fra gm ents on eroded m udrock surfa ces. The Da kota Form a tion ranges from a b out 140 ft (43 m ) thick in eastern Lincoln County to a b out 200 ft (61 m ) in the western part (Berry, 1952) and is an im portant source of water in Lincoln County and elsewhere in Kansas. In Lincoln County, the Da kota is exposed in m uch of centra l and southeastern parts of the county in areas a dja cent to the Sa line River and its trib utaries. REFERENCES Arbogast, A. F., and Johnson, W . C., 1996, Surficia l Geology and Stratigraphy of Russell County, Kansas: Kansas Geologica l Survey, Technica l Series 7, 45 p. Ba yne, C. K., Franks, P. C., and Ives, W ., Jr., 1971, Geology and ground-wa ter resources of Ellsworth County, centra l Kansas: Kansas Geologica l Survey, Bulletin 201, 84 p. Berry, D. W ., 1952, Geology and ground-wa ter resources of Lincoln County, Kansas: State Geologica l Survey of Kansas, Bulletin 95, 96 p.

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39°00'39°00' 98°22'30"

97°22'30"39°07'30"98°30'39°07'30"

98°30'

PRELIMINARY SURFICIAL GEOLOGY OF THE LINCOLN COUNTYPORTION OF THE SYLVAN GROVE QUADRANGLE, KANSASGeology by Robert S. Sawin

Com puter com pila tion and cartography b y John W . Dunha m and Sara h F. Child2016

Eleva tion contours are presented for genera l reference. Used in the U.S. Geologica l Survey’s current US Topo 1:24,000-sca le topographic m ap series, they were genera ted from hydrographica lly-im proved 1/3 arc-second N a tiona l Eleva tion Dataset (N ED) da ta, and sm oothed during processing for use a t 1:24,000 sca le. In som e pla ces the contours m a y b e m ore genera lized than the b ase da ta used for com pila tion of geologic outcrop patterns. Outcrop patterns on the m ap will typica lly reflect topographic varia tion m ore a ccura tely than the associa ted contour lines. Repea ted fluctua tion of an outcrop line a cross a contour line should b e interpreted as an indica tion tha t the m apped rock unit is m a inta ining a rela tively constant eleva tion a long a genera lized contour. 1-m LiDAR hillsha des and 1-m 2010 and 2012 U.S. Departm ent of Agriculture – Farm Services Agency (USDA-FSA) N a tiona l Agriculture Im a gery Progra m (N AIP) digita l im a gery were used as references in the digita l m apping. USGS 7.5-m in 1:24,000-sca le topographic m aps, USDA N a tura l Resources Conserva tion Service (N RCS) soil surveys, and other geologic m aps and b ulletins were used to supplem ent the m apping. Roa ds and highwa ys are shown on the b ase m ap as represented b y da ta from the Kansas Departm ent of Transporta tion (KDOT), U.S. Census Burea u, and other sources. U.S. Departm ent of Agriculture – Farm Services Agency (USDA-FSA) N a tiona l Agriculture Im a gery Progra m (N AIP) im a gery a lso was used to check roa d loca tions. Sha ded relief is b ased on 1-m eter hydrofla ttened b are-earth DEMs from the Sta te of Kansas LiDAR Data b ase. The DEM im a ges, in ERDAS IMAGIN E form a t, were m osa icked into a single output DEM, downsa m pled to 2-m eter resolution, and reprojected to decim a l degrees. The output DEM was then converted to a hillsha de, a m ultidirectiona l sha ded-relief im a ge using angles of illum ina tion from 0°, 225°, 270°, and 315° azim uths, ea ch 45° a b ove the horizon, with a 4x vertica l exa ggera tion. This geologic m ap was funded in part b y the USGS N a tiona l Coopera tive Geologic Mapping Progra m , a ward num b er G15AC00225 (FY2015). This m ap was produced using the ArcGIS system developed b y Esri (Environm enta l System s Research Institute, Inc.). This m ap is a prelim inary product and has ha d less scientific and cartographic review than the Kansas Geologica l Survey’s M-series geologic m aps. KGS does not guarantee this m ap to b e free from errors or ina ccura cies and discla im s any responsib ility or lia b ility for interpreta tions m a de from the m ap or decisions b ased thereon. SUGGESTED REFERENCE TO THE MAP Sa win, R. S., 2016, Prelim inary surficia l geology of the Lincoln County portion of the Sylvan Grove qua drangle, Kansas: Kansas Geologica l Survey, Open-File Report 2016-8, sca le 1:24,000, unpub lished.