Download - Prefixes and Root Words
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Prefixes and
Root Words
Ms. Jordan’s Reading Class
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English contains many words adopted from other languages. In fact, experts estimate 80% of English words originated elsewhere. The biggest influence on the English vocabulary is Latin.
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Even though Latin is called a “dead language,” it still lives within the English language.
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Are you paying attention? Which language has the biggest influence on
English?
33%
33%
33% 1. French2. Latin3. Spanish
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Knowing the meaning of prefixes and root words helps you to understand words you’ve never seen before.
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Take, for example, the word:
hydrophobia
Let’s say you’ve never seen nor heard it before.
If you know that “hydro-” means “water”
and “phobia” means “fear of,” you instantly know the meaning of the word.
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A couple more ….
1. “pre-” means “before” and “dict” means “to say.” Put them together for the word “predict” which means to say something beforehand.
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Now let’s learn some prefixes and roots.
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ambi- means bothExamples:Ambidextrous – the
ability to write with both hands.
Ambiguous – having more than one meaning.
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astro- means star
Examples:Astronaut – a person
trained for a space flight.Astronomy – the study of
celestial bodies.Astrology – the study of
horoscopes.
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aud- means to hearExamples:Audio – sound.Auditorium – theatre
with acoustics for sound.
Auditory – have to doing with hearing.
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com/con- means together
Examples:Combine – placing two
or more things together.
Also… • Connect• Congregation
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chron- means time
Examples:Chronological – arranged
in order of time.Chronic – continuing for
a long time.Chronicle – a historical
report.
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cide or cis- to cut or to kill
Examples:Incision – a cut or gash.Homicide – the killing of
one human by another.Suicide – the deliberate
killing of oneself.Genocide – race murder.
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circum- means around
Examples:Circumference – the outer
boundary of a circular area.Circumstances – continuing for
a long time.Circumnavigate – to go, fly, or
said around.
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dyn/dyna- means power
Examples:Dynasty – rulers from the
same family.Dynamic – a force in motion.Dynomite – an explosive
device.
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equi- means equal
Examples:Equity – fairness.Equator – circling the Earth’s
surface with equal distance from North & South Poles.
Equilateral – having all sides equal.
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Examples:Hyperbole – an over
exaggeration.Hyperactive – overly active. Hypersensitive – overly
sensitive.
hyper- means over or above
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Examples:Hypodermic – under the skin.Hypothermia – under normal
body temperature.
hypo- means under
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Examples: Malevolent – evil. Malpractice – bad medical work.“Maleficent” – the evil queen in
Sleeping Beauty.
mal- means bad or evil
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Examples:• Microscope• Microwave• Microchip
micro- means small
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Examples: Misuse – the wrong use of something. Mistake – something wrong occurred. Misunderstand – the wrong
understanding of something.
mis- means wrong
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Examples: Omnipresent – means always
present.Omnipotent – means all-powerful.Omnivore – means eats all food
types.
omni- means all or everywhere
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Examples: Polygamy – marriage to more
than one person.Polytheism – a belief in more
than one god.Polygon – a figure with many
sides.
poly- means many
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Examples: Prefix – word part that
comes before the word.Preamble – an introduction.Preview – to see
beforehand.
pre- means before
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Examples:Postpone – reschedule
for later.Postscript – (P.S.) after
writing.
post- means after
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Examples:Protagonist – must move
forward through conflict.Prominent – leading, standing
out.Proceed – to move forward.
pro- means forward
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Examples:• Unable• Unbearable• Unstable• Unhappy• Unmistakable
un- means not
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Now it’s time to study and memorize them!