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School of Civil and Environmental Engineering
Research Group of Living Stones @ NTUResearch Group of Living Stones @ NTU
TSB Public Lecture Series on Sustainable Urban Living
8 April 2016, Singapore
Precast Bendable Concrete Paving Slab for
Speedy Road Construction
presented by
Yang En-Hua, PhD, LEED AP
Assistant Professor & Assistant Chair (Academic)
School of Civil and Environmental Engineering
Nanyang Technological University (NTU)
23 November 2017
I3C Symposium on Industrial Infrastructure Research
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School of Civil and Environmental Engineering
Research Group of Living Stones @ NTU
Hot-Mixed Asphalt (HMA) Road Surface in Singapore
• Almost all road surface except
for junctions and bus stops
• Subject to heavy vehicles, heat,
and high humidity
• Fast surface distress (cracking,
rutting, shoving, etc.)
• Sound granite base and sub-
base
• Major repair every 10 years
rutting cracking
Standard road section in Singapore
(LTA website)
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School of Civil and Environmental Engineering
Research Group of Living Stones @ NTU
Concrete Pavement in Singapore
Typical concrete pavement at traffic junction in Singapore (Source: LTA)
Concrete pavement lasts longer
However, …
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School of Civil and Environmental Engineering
Research Group of Living Stones @ NTU
It Takes Longer to Build
Placement of steel
reinforcement is labour
intensive and time consuming
Concrete takes weeks
to gain strength
May cause traffic
jam and delay
Source: www.nairaland.com
Source: www.eiffeltradingcompany.com
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School of Civil and Environmental Engineering
Research Group of Living Stones @ NTU
Precast Concrete Pavement for Quick Installation & Less Traffic Disturbance
Source: Chang et al.,2004
However, conventional precast concrete
pavement slab is heavy and bulky
Source: National Precast Concrete Association
From weeks for conventional concrete to hours
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School of Civil and Environmental Engineering
Research Group of Living Stones @ NTU
Hot-Mixed
Asphalt
Cast-in-situ
Concrete
Precast Concrete Slab
Milling-off thickness ~100 mm ~250 mm ~250 mm
Service life expectancy 10 years 15-20 years 15-20 years
Open to traffic Overnight At least 14 days Overnight
Constructability Practiced
for years in
SG
Practiced for
years in SG
• One pilot project at Tanah
Merah Coast Rd.
• Complicated fabrication with
heavy reinforcement and joints
• Heavy crane (4-8 tone/slab)
Joint between precast slabs (Tanah Merah Coast Rd.)
dowel bar
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School of Civil and Environmental Engineering
Research Group of Living Stones @ NTU
Bendable Concrete for Slim and Light Precast Paving Slab
Conventional concrete is
hard and brittle
Bendable concrete is still
hard but tough and deformable
• Elimination of reinforcement and pre-stressing
• Reduced thickness (i.e. slim and lightweight)
• Reduced joint
• Improved durability and extended service life
• Reduced environmental impact and (initial & life cycle)
cost
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School of Civil and Environmental Engineering
Research Group of Living Stones @ NTU
Traffic direction
2.4m
3.4
m
10-12 slabs
Silicone sealing between slabs
Total BC volume: ~6-8 m3
Field Demonstration (On-going)
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School of Civil and Environmental Engineering
Research Group of Living Stones @ NTUResearch Group of Living Stones @ NTU
LevellingCuring
CastingMixingBatching
Large Scale Processing and Slab
Manufacturing (On-going)
Surface treatment
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School of Civil and Environmental Engineering
Research Group of Living Stones @ NTU
Lab
prototype
Large scale
processing
Compressive strength (MPa) 71 58
Flexural strength (MPa) 12.9 10.3
Ductility (%) 1.3 2.7
Comparable Material Performance
Obtained
Typical flexural stress-deflection curve
Lab prototype
Large scale
processing
Comparable fresh properties
(Lab vs large scale processing)
Comparable mechanical properties
(Lab vs large scale processing)
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School of Civil and Environmental Engineering
Research Group of Living Stones @ NTU
Lifting and Handling of Full Size Precast
Bendable Concrete Slab
• 2.4 m x 3.6 m
• 60 mm in thickness
• No reinforcement
• Satisfied skid
resistance (BPN
~70-75)
• No cracking
observed
• Minimum
deformation during
lifting
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School of Civil and Environmental Engineering
Research Group of Living Stones @ NTU
Full scale slabs manufacture (on-going)
Wheel tracker tests (structural performance evaluation)
Grouting tests
Full scale slab installation
Full scale wheel
tracker
Future Tasks
1/3 scale (0.8 m x 1.15 m) pavement sample with whole structure for
the wheel tracker test
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School of Civil and Environmental Engineering
Research Group of Living Stones @ NTU
Acknowledgement
• JTC Corporation
• LTA
• NTU-JTC I3 Centre
• School of Civil and Environmental Engineering (CEE),
NTU
• TUM CREATE
• Mr. NG Kian Wee, Dr. Bernhard LECHNER, Dr. QIU
Jishen, Dr. Nen NGUYEN DINH, Mr. Ali Aryo
BAWONO, Mr. HE Shan
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School of Civil and Environmental Engineering
Research Group of Living Stones @ NTU
Thank You for Attention!
Q & A