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Reconstruction
Pre Write MLJ and Unit Org. and Vocab.
Hw
Reconstruction Vocabulary
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Reconstruction SAFARI Montage chap. 1
Review Civil War Guided Reading Activity 17.1
Reconstruction Period
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What was “Reconstruction”?SAFARI Montage chap. 1
The re-building of the Union(and the South in particular)
South was devastated and bitter.
“Good Ol’ Rebel Soldier” (Unreconstructed Rebel)
http://users.civilwarpoetry.org/confederate/songs/rebel.html
•Attempted to give meaning to the freedom that the former slaves had achieved.
2 billion worth today $ 30 billion
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President Lincoln’s Plan
Reconciliation: Forgiveness
SAFARI Montage chap. 210% Plan
* Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction (December 8, 1863)
* He didn’t talk to Congress about Reconstruction.
* Pardon to all but the highest ranking military and civilian Confederate officers.
* When 10% of the voting population in the 1860 election had taken an oath of loyalty and established a government, it would be recognized in the union again.
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Wade-Davis Bill Radical Republican Congress’ Plan-Punishment (1864)
Required 50% of the number of 1860 voters to take an “iron clad” oath of allegiance (swearing they had never voluntarily aided the rebellion ).
Former Confederates could not hold public office
Wanted full rights for freedman
For Change!
SenatorBenjamin
Wade(R-OH)
CongressmanHenry
W. Davis(R-MD)
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13th Amendment: No Slavery SAFARI Montage chap 2
Ratified in Jan., 1865.
“Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States or any place subject to their jurisdiction”
Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.
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Robert E. Lee Surrendered at Appomattox Courthouse in
Virginia on April 9, 1865
Negotiations would continue until late May.
Jefferson Davis did not want to give up.
Lee: urged Southerners to reconcile and reunite with the North.
Lee later become president of Washington College. Today: Washington and Lee College.
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On April 14, 1865 Abraham Lincoln was shot On April 15th he died
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Reconstruction Policies and Problems
1. Southern military leaders could not hold office
2. Southerners Resented Northerners3. African Americans could hold
public office In 1872 there were 7 African-Americans in Congress
Robert E. Lee
Jefferson Davis
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4. African-Americans gained equal rightswith the Civil Rights Act of 1866…which authorized the use of Federal troops for enforcement.
5. Northern soldiers supervised the South
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Reconstruction Plans for the South
Scream Preview
Re teaching 17.1
Policies and Problems web
What to Scream about!
History Alive Text: Plus and Minus
Scream Processing
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President Andrew JohnsonSAFARI Montage chap. 5
Southern Democrat
Tennessee
Anti-Slavery
Anti-Aristocrat/rich
White Supremacist.
Agreed with Lincolnthat states had neverlegally left the Union.
I am fighting these traitorous aristocrats, their masters!
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President Johnson’s Plan (10%+) Offered amnesty(forgiveness) with simple oath to all
except: Confederate civil and military officers
Rich property owners must go directly to Johnson
State Constitutions, must deny (say no to) slavery, no to secession (leaving union)
EFFECTS?
1. No Vote for certain leading Confederates.
2. Pardoned planter aristocrats brought them back to political power to control state organizations.
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South Reacts: Black Codes SAFARI Montage chap. 8b
Purpose: control daily life of freedman
* Keep them on the plantations for labor
* Only jobs: farmer
* Same old treatment.
Forced many blacks to become sharecroppers[tenant farmers]. Economic Slavery
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Farming experiential Activity
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Congress Breaks with the President
February, 1866 Presidentvetoed the Freedmen’sBureau bill. (Had helped freedmen)
March, 1866 Johnsonvetoed the 1866 Civil Rights Act.
Congress passed both bills over Johnson’s vetoes 1st Over ride in U. S. history!!
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Civil Rights Act of 1866
Full citizenship to African Americans, federal gov’t would protect
Overturned Black Codes
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14th AmendmentSAFARI Montage chap. 3
Ratified in July, 1868.
* Provide a constitutional guarantee of the rights and security of freed people.
* All persons born or naturalized in the United States.. Are citizens of the United States and of the state wherein they reside”
Southern states would be punished for denying the right to vote to black citizens!
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Radical Plan for Readmission
New state constitutions had to include 13th, 14th
Amendments
Many Acts are passed to continue reuniting the union.
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Reconstruction Acts of 1867: ended old gov’ts, called for new votes for new ones. This
time freedman could vote
Military Reconstruction Act
* Restart Reconstruction in the 10 Southern states that refused to ratify the 14th Amendment.
* Divide the 10 “unreconstructed states” into 5 military
districts.
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President Johnson’s Impeachment-Kick him out!
He was Democratic and the Radical Republicans wanted him out for not supporting their ideas.
The House impeached him on February 24 before evendrawing up thecharges by a vote of 126 – 47!
11 week trial.
Johnson acquitted 35 to 19
(one short of required 2/3s vote).
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15th Amendment SAFARI Montage chap. 5
Basic Provisions Web and foldable
Ratified in 1870.
The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any state on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.
The Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.
Women’s rights groups were furious that they were not granted the vote!
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The Civil Rights Act of 1875
Made it a Crime for any individual to not let some one use public places and or public transportation.
Lacked strong enforcement
No new civil rights act was attemptedfor 90 years!
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A Political Crisis: The “Compromise” of 1877
Ends Reconstruction
Democrats supported Rutherford B. Hayes’ election as President
and Republicans ended the military occupation
of the South
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ReconstructionResulted In…
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Carpetbaggers and Scalawags
Men from the North that came to the
South after the Civil War to make money from the people of
the South…
a Southerner who helped the Northerners and the
Republican Party after the war.
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Freedman’s Bureau SAFARI Montage chap. 4b
Started schools for former slaves
•Were freed slaves
•They were allowed to farm land by giving most of their harvest to the landowners
Sharecroppers
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Ku Klux Klan: Founded in Pulaski, Tennessee by 6 rebelsSAFARI Montage chap 5a
It was the most powerful secret society in the South…continuing the “Fight”
•They dressed in white robes and hoods that covered their faces
•Their members threatened, beat, and even killed African-Americans
•Burned schools, churches in night raids
•Disrupted elections: 100,ooo more black voters than white
•First “Grand Wizard” or Leader Nathan Bedford Forest
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Segregation – Jim Crow LawsSAFARI Montage chap. 10
Separated African-Americans and whites in public places All passenger stations in this
state operated by any motor
transportation company shall
have separate waiting rooms or
space and separate ticket
windows for the white and
colored races.
The conductor of each
passenger train is authorized
and required to assign each
passenger to the car or the
division of the car, when it is
divided by a partition,
designated for the race to which
such passenger belongs.
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What was the “Jim Crow Era”? The period (late 1800s to
mid-1960s) when the Southern states required racial segregation in public schools, transportation and other public facilities.
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“Jim Crow” laws
institutionalized a system of
legal segregation
“Jim Crow” laws were passed to discriminate against African AmericansAfrican-Americans differed in
their responses to
discrimination and “Jim Crow”
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In which
geographical
area were
Jim Crow
Laws
enforced
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What political rights did African-Americans lose during the “Jim Crow Era”?
The right to vote
The right to serve on juries
Made discrimination practices legal in many communities and states
Were characterized by unequal opportunities in housing…
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Unequal in Work…Education…and Government …
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Racial
Segregation
Plessy vs.
Ferguson:
“Separate but
Equal”SAFARI Montage chap. 5g
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What is
Racial Segregation
The separation of African
Americans and whites in public
places
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Racial Segregation
Based upon raceDirected primarily against African Americans… but other groups also were kept segregated
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Explain or
describe
this
cartoon
American Indians were not considered citizensuntil 1924.
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Racial Segregation violated: The 14th AmendmentAll people born in the U.S. are to
receive equal treatmentunder the law
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Leaders in the fight for Equality:
Fredrick Douglas: http://www.nps.gov/history/museum/exhibits/douglass//
Human Rights fighter. Frederick Douglass would
continue his active involvement to better the lives of African Americans.
He met with Abraham Lincoln during the Civil War and recruited northern blacks for the Union Army.
After the War, he fought for the voting rights of women and African Americans alike.
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DVD Trailblazer’s clip
Booker T. Washington: Believed equality can be achieved through vocational education…Job training.
…and accepted social separation
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U.S. II 1d,b, i U.S.II 3a, b, c U.S. II 4c
SAFARI Montage chap. 2
W.E.B. Du Bois-_IntegrationHe was a writer and educator. Co-Founder of NAACP.
He believed in full political rights… Civil rightsand social rights for African Americans.
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U.S. II 1d,b, i U.S.II 3a, b, c U.S. II 4c
DuBois believe that
this should apply
everywhere not just
voting.
15th Amendment
Ensures all
citizens the right
to vote
regardless of
race or color or
previous
condition of
servitude
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Create a Leadership Poster
Booker T. Washington
Believed:
Picture
WEB Dubois
Believed:
Picture
U.S. II 1d,b, i U.S.II 3a, b, c U.S. II 4c
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U.S. II 1d,b, i U.S.II 3a, b, c U.S. II 4c
So what? What is important to understand about this?
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U.S. II 1d,b, i U.S.II 3a, b, c U.S. II 4c
Reconstruction attempted to give meaning to the freedom that the former slaves had achieved.
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U.S. II 1d,b, i U.S.II 3a, b, c U.S. II 4c
How much do you
remember?SAFARI
Montage chap 11
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U.S. II 1d,b, i U.S.II 3a, b, c U.S. II 4c
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U.S. II 1d,b, i U.S.II 3a, b, c U.S. II 4c
1. Northerners who supported the Republicans and moved South during Reconstruction were
called…
a. scalawags
b. carpetbaggers
c. freedmen
d. fugitives
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U.S. II 1d,b, i U.S.II 3a, b, c U.S. II 4c
2. The Civil Rights Act of 1866
gave equal rights to …
a. American Indians
b. Spanish Americans
c. French Americans
d. African Americans
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U.S. II 1d,b, i U.S.II 3a, b, c U.S. II 4c
3. Which organization was created after the Civil War to help
former slaves?
a. Red Cross
b. Freedman’s Bureau
c. Republican Party
d. Ku Klux Klan
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U.S. II 1d,b, i U.S.II 3a, b, c U.S. II 4c
4. After the Civil War, freedmen
most likely became…
a. sailors.
b. plantation owners.
c. industrial workers.
d. sharecroppers.
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U.S. II 1d,b, i U.S.II 3a, b, c U.S. II 4c
5. Which of the following was a result of the harsh Reconstruction policies that were applied to the South?
a. African-Americans could not hold public office.
b. Southerners resented northern “carpetbaggers.”
c. Southern military leaders could hold office but could not vote.
d. plantations had to be sold to the highest bidder.
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U.S. II 1d,b, i U.S.II 3a, b, c U.S. II 4c
So what?
What is important to understand
about this?
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U.S. II 1d,b, i U.S.II 3a, b, c U.S. II 4c
After the Civil War, African-Americans still
faced discrimination and segregation and
continued to strive for equality
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U.S. II 1d,b, i U.S.II 3a, b, c U.S. II 4c
Discussion Questions
1. What is racial segregation?
2. How were African Americans
discriminated against?
3. How did African Americans
respond to discrimination and
“Jim Crow”?
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U.S. II 1d,b, i U.S.II 3a, b, c U.S. II 4c
How much
do you
remember? SAFARI Montage chap 8
7min.
Vocabulary: Act.
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U.S. II 1d,b, i U.S.II 3a, b, c U.S. II 4c
1. What was the aim of the Jim Crow
laws?
a. To close African-American colleges such as Tuskegee Institute
b. To make it easier for black sharecroppers to buy land they farmed
c. To provide equal facilities for Americans of all races
d. To segregate black and white Americans
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U.S. II 1d,b, i U.S.II 3a, b, c U.S. II 4c
2. The main purpose of the “Jim
Crow” laws was to…
a. Encourage the growth of black-
owned businesses
b. Encourage boycotts
c. Separate blacks and whites
d. Encourage black and white citizens to
help each other
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U.S. II 1d,b, i U.S.II 3a, b, c U.S. II 4c
3. W.E.B. Du Bois’s response to
discriminatory laws was to believe
in full rights for all African
Americans in all of the following
EXCEPT…
a. Territorial
b. Civil
c. Political
d. Social
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U.S. II 1d,b, i U.S.II 3a, b, c U.S. II 4c
4. “Jim Crow” laws were designed
to discriminate based on…
a. Gender
b. Race
c. Religion
d. Education
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U.S. II 1d,b, i U.S.II 3a, b, c U.S. II 4c
5. The 14th Amendment declared
that…
a. Segregation was legal in the U.S
b. All people born in the United States are to receive equal treatment under the law
c. No citizen should be denied the right to vote because of race or color
d. No citizen should be denied the right to vote because of religion
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U.S. II 1d,b, i U.S.II 3a, b, c U.S. II 4c
6. The 15th Amendment declared
that…
a. Segregation was legal in the U.S
b. All people born in the United States are to receive equal treatment under the law
c. No citizen should be denied the right to vote because of race or color
d. No citizen should be denied the right to vote because of religion