Pre-Pentium Intel Processors
4004
8008
8080
8086/8088
80186
80286
80386
80486
Early Processors
• 4004• First Intel Microprocessor
• 4-bit
• Arithmetic computation
• Ran at 108 kHz
• 8008• 8-bit
• Could do data and character manipulation
• Ran at 200 kHz
The 4004 processor
Early Processors
• 8080• Was used in the Altair, the first widely known PC
• Could use up to 64 kilobytes of memory
• Ran at 2 MHz
• 8086/8088• 8086 was slightly more powerful, but IBM choose the 8088 for it’s
first PC for cost reasons.
• Could use up to 1 megabyte of memory
• Ran at a max of 20 MHz
Early Processors
• 80186• Improved 8086 design
• Was first attempt by Intel at integrating chipsets and processors
• Used in primarily in disk controllers instead of PCs
• Max speed was 16 MHz
• 80286• Increased the number of address lines,
• raising the number of possible addresses from
• 1 MB to 16 MB’s
• Used by IBM in their IBM PC-AT computer
• Ran at a max of 20 MHz
The 80286 processor
80386 (1988)
• 1st 32-bit processor
• Could use a 16 byte cache
• 12.5 MHz – 33 MHz
• 16 Registers
• Flags in 32 bit register
• 275 K transistors
80486 (1991)
• Included math co-processor (DX only)
• 120 MHz
• Increased efficiency
• RISC
• 1.2 M transistors
Pentium® (1993)
• 75 – 233 MHz
• 2 instructions per clock cycle
• 64-bit data bus
• Equivalent to two 32 bit chips
• Heat issues
• Hardwired most used commands
• 3.1 M Transistors
Pentium Pro® (1995)
• RISC
• < 200 MHz
• 3 instructions per clock cycle
• 8K cache
• 486 emulator
• 5.5 M transistors
Pentium® II
• Has speeds of 233 MHz, 266 MHz, 300 MHz, 333 MHz, 350 MHz, 400 MHz, and 450 MHz
• “seamless combination of the P6 micro-architecture and Intel® MMX media enhancement technology”
• 512KB cache with a 64-bit cache bus
Celeron® and Xeon®
• Introduced in 1998• Celeron® has system bus
speeds of 66 MHz and 100 MHz
• Xeon® was made especially for servers
• Special Level 2 cache chip designed to run speeds in excess of 400 MHz
Pentium® III
• Released in 1999• 3 major different
models• Speeds ranging from
650 MHz to 1.3 GHz • First Intel processor to
reach 1 GHz speed
Pentium® 4
• Released in 2001
• Speeds ranging from 1.3 GHz to 2.4 GHz
• Intel® NetBurst™ Micro-architecture instead of P6 Micro-architecture