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Practical BIOS 02C4
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Euglena
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Image and video
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9nxoSRasq2Q
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Characteristics
• Shape of cell maintained by pellicle
• Most with two flagella of unequal lengths for locomotion
• Single mitochondrion with discoidal cristae
• Photosynthetic forms have chlorophylls a and b.
• Thylakoid membranes arranged in stacks of three.
• Food reserves stored in cytoplasm as the unique starch paramylon
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Noctiluca
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Bioluminescence
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eTDxjOjzm9w
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Characteristics
• Shape of cell maintained by pellicle consisting of alveolar vesicles beneath plasma membrane.
• With two flagella for locomotion: one transverse and one longitudinal
• Mitochondria with tubular cristae
• Nuclei with permanently condensed chromosomes
• Nuclear division without centrioles or MTOC
• Chloroplasts with thylakoids in stacks of 3
• Unique system of pusules for osmoregulation, excretion or buoyancy regulation
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Paramecium
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Image and video
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mh7KOtQTXrw
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Characteristics
• Shape of cell maintained by pellicle consisting of alveolar vesicles and fibrous layer of epiplasm beneath plasma membrane
• Cilia for locomotion
• With two distinct types of nuclei: a hyperpolyploid macronucleus and a diploid micronucleus
• Without plastids
• Carbohydrates stored as glycogen
• Asexual reproduction by binary fission and sexual reproduction by conjugation
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Sycon
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Characteristics
• Metazoa with cellular grade construction, without true tissues
• With flagellated cells, choanocytes, that drives water through canals. Nuclei apical. Flagellum originates from nuclei
• Adults are sessile suspension feeders, larval stages are motile (partly flagellated amphiblastulae
• Skeletal elements, when present, composed on calcium carbonate
• Spicules ususally 1, 3 or 4 rayed
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Cnidaria
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Characteristics
• Diploblastic metazoa with ectoderm and endoderm separated by a ectodermally derived acellular mesoglea or partly cellular mesenchyme
• Primarily radially symmetrical body plan
• Presence of unique stinging or adhesive structures called cnidae
• Exhibit asexual polypoid and sexual medusoid variation
• Only one gastrovascular cavity named coelenteron
• Nervous system is simple nerve nets
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Physalia
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Characteristics
• Polymorphic floating colonies
• Attached distinct types of polyps and modified medusa
• Gas filled flotation zooids
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Tubipora
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Characteristics
• Simple polyps arise separately from ribbon-like stolon that forms an encrusting sheet or network
• Oral disc and tentacles retractable into anthostele
• Mesenchyme with sclerite
• Sclerites fuse to form calcareous skeleton
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Metridium
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Characteristics
• True coral, solitary or clonal but never colonial
• No calcareous skeleton lacking
• Oral tentacles conical
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Taenia
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Characteristics
• Exclusive endoparasite, can be very long (some over 10 meters)
• Body covered by tegument
• Triploblastic, acoelomate, bilaterally symmetrical, flattened dorsoventrally
• Cephalized with a central nervous system comprising of an anterior cerebral ganglion
• Body consists of an anterior scolex, short neck and then a strobili composed of a series of segments or proglotids
• First larval stage (onchosphere or hexacanth larva) with six hooks
• Lifecycle requires one or more intermediate hosts
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Ascaris
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Characteristics
• Triploblasitc, bilateral, vermiform, unsegmented, blastocoelomate
• Body round in cross section and covered by layered cuticle. Juveniles grow by shedding cuticles
• With cephalic sense organ called amphids
• Complete gut with radially symmetrical mouth parts
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Nereis
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Characteristics
• Bilaterally symmetrical, segmented worms
• Complete digestive tract
• Complete circulatory systems with
• Nervous system with dorsal cerebral ganglion, circumenteric connectives and ventral ganglionated nerve cord
• Numerous chaetae (setae) on trunk segments, most with developed parapodia
• Two antennae, two large appandages or palps and four pairs of tentacles are on head
• Free swimming trochophore larva