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Practical Distribution & Substation Automation (Incl. Communications) for Electrical Power Systems

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Internetwork Connections

• Repeaters

• Bridges

• Routers

• Gateways

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Repeaters

• Connect two segments of the same LAN

• Simply amplify and retransmit the signal to the next segment.

• Repeaters connect different segments...but all segments form one LAN.

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Bridges• Connect two networks.

• Bridge acts as a node as far as each network is concerned.

• More intelligent than repeaters and can reduce the traffic.

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Routers

• Transfer data between different networks and route packets to the correct network to which they are attached.

• This is based on the Network layer (OSI Model).

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Gateway• Connect networks which are totally dissimilar.

• There may be a need to translate all 7 OSI layers.

• High overhead and to be avoided where possible.

• Expensive and low performance.

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A System for:Managing, Controlling and Protecting a Power Network

Power System Automation

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Integrated Electrical Protection, Control, Measurement,Monitoring and Data Communications

Definition

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Electrical Protection

• Local

• Independent

• Never Compromised

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Control

• Local Control» Independent of

Network» Configured by User

• Remote Control» Operator Initiated» Network Initiated

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Measurement

• Electrical measurements and metering

• Disturbance recordings

• Other analogue values

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Monitoring

• Status indications

• Condition Monitoring

• Preventative Maintenance Information

• Sequence-of-Event Recordings

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Data Communications

• Physical Configuration

• Protocols

• Response Times

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Basic Architecture

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Basic Architecture

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Object division

• Consists of intelligent electronic devices (IEDs), modern, third-generation microprocessor based relays and/or remote terminal units (RTUs)

• The communications network :

• Nervous system of power system automation

• Ensures that raw data, processed information, and commands are relayed quickly, effectively and error-free among the various field instruments, IEDs and the SCADA system

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SCADA master

SSupervisory upervisory CControl ontrol AAnd nd DData ata AAcquisitioncquisition

• Receives data and information from the field, decides what to do with it, stores it, and issues requests and/or commands to the remote devices

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DO YOU WANT TO KNOW MORE?

If you are interested in further training or information, please visit:

http://idc-online.com/slideshare