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PHOSPHOR and NITROGEN
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History of Phosphorus
Hannig Brand(1690 in Hamburg,
Grmany!
"isti##ing t$ urint$roug$ t$%ro&ss of
'a%oration
ftr 'a%ori)s *0bu&+ts of atrurin, $ r&nt#yfound t$ itms
s$ ants
Eosphoros whichmeans ' light
bearer '
Eosphoros wichmean that has
the light
"is&o'rr
St%
-atin.unani
The ancientname for the
planet Venuswhen looking
Sunrise
The ancientname for the
planet Venuswhen looking
Sunrise
because of itsuniqueness
that is glowingin the dark
because of itsuniqueness
that is glowingin the dark
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bundan& of Phosphorus
T$ #mnt %$os%$orus is n'r found in frStat, b&aus &ruising bund# to o/ygn is#arg
0.1%of
theEarth
's
crust
Thereare
appro
imatel!"00
million
metric tons
ofphosp
hateon
Earth.
P$os%$orus &om%ounds found in natur,
among ot$rs #ot of Apatite &ontaining 2a3(PO4! 5 n/t &ontains #im, 2a2#5,and 2a5
Apatitemay b found in t$Pro'in&s of &$, Nort$ Su#asi,East Nusa Tnggara, and 7a'aPhosphorite(calcium phosphate)is found in t$ bons of t$mamma#
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bundan& of Phosphorus
#hosphorus is the main foodstu$s used b!all organisms for growth and source ofenerg!.
#hosphorusin sea water
rganiccompounds
Sugarphosphate
and theoidation&ukloeprote
in andphosphorprotein
inorganiccompounds
rtofosfat
#olifosfat
norganicphosphate
compounds in seawater in (eneralbe in the form of
ions )rtho*phosphoric acid)+,#-* where
the 10% as aphosphate ionand /0% in the
form of +#-".#hosphate is an
importantelement in theformation of
proteins and help
the process ofcell metabolism
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Pro%rtis of %$os%$orusChemical Physical
E#&tron &on8guration :N;3s5 3%3
2o#our#ss
Priod * So#id
tomi& numbr 1*
E#mnt Non
"nsity 1,@53 gA&m3 ##otro%s B$it
5,34 gA&m3 Rd
5,609 gA&m3 ?#a&+
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P$os%$orus
C%$os%$orus is ssntia# for #if, as %art of t$ %$os%$at grou%, it is a &om%onnt of "N, RN andTP (adnosin tri%$os%$at!, and t$ %$os%$o#i%ids t$at form a## # mmbransC%$os%$orus /ists in s'ra# form (a##otro%s! t$at /$ibit stri+ing#y diDrnt %ro%rtisT$ tomost &ommon a##otro%s ar $it %$os%$orus and rd %$os%$orus
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?n8t of P$os%$orus
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"angr of P$os%$orus
To/i& for $it %$os%$orus
&ut in$a#ation /%osur $as
rsu#td in rs%iratory tra&tirritation and &utg$ing in $umans
O'r P$os%$orus in body is
dangrous, D&td osto%orosis,bro+n +idny
In$a#ation if sniD t$ $it
%$or%$orus
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History of nitrogn
Nitrogn dis&o'rd by S&ottis$ %$ysi&ian"ani# Rut$rfordin 1==5, $o &a##d itnoxious air. In t$ sam tim, Nitrogn
a#so studid by 2ar# Bi#$#m S&$#,Hnry 2a'ndis$, and7os%$ Prist#yNitrogn is inrt, so ntoin -a'oisir &a##it is m%$iti& air from t$ Gr+ord
JKLM azotost$ man is #if#ss ndt$at ord &$angd to ot$r #anguag
http://wiki/Daniel_Rutherfordhttp://wiki/Carl_Wilhelm_Scheelehttp://wiki/Henry_Cavendishhttp://wiki/Joseph_Priestleyhttp://wiki/Inerthttp://wiki/Antoine_Lavoisierhttp://smb//en.wiktionary.org/wiki/mephitic_airhttp://wiki/Greek_languagehttp://wiki/Greek_languagehttp://smb//en.wiktionary.org/wiki/mephitic_airhttp://wiki/Antoine_Lavoisierhttp://wiki/Inerthttp://wiki/Joseph_Priestleyhttp://wiki/Henry_Cavendishhttp://wiki/Carl_Wilhelm_Scheelehttp://wiki/Daniel_Rutherford -
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Nitrogn &om%ounds +non sin&
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in t$ art$s atmos%$r =@Q$i# on t$ surfa& of t$ &rust is on#y33QNitrogn &om%ounds ar a#so 'ryabundant in natur, in t$ form of o/id,
nitrits, nitrats or ot$r #mnts in t$form of sa#t
Nitrat and nitrit ar 'ry so#ub# inatr, so t$y ar a#so abundant in t$atrs Nitrogn &om%ounds found innatur among NaNO3, usua##y usd as afrti#i)r
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2$mi&a# and P$ysi&a# Pro%rtis ofNitrogn
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Electronic Confguration
ma+ing t$ir #&troni& &on8guration /tra stab#, b&aus#&troni& &on8guration of t$s #mnts is ns5n%3 T$ s
orbita# in t$s #mnts is &om%#t#y 8##d and % orbita#s ar$a#fF8##d
Atomic and Ionic adii
2o'a#nt and ioni& (in a %arti&u#ar stat! radii in&ras in si)don t$ grou%
Ionisation EnthalpyIonisation nt$a#%y d&rass don t$ grou% du to gradua#in&ras in atomi& si)
Physical Properties
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Benevit of Nitrogen
Nitrogen fertilizer
Medicine
Zat pewarna
Eksplosive Coagulation of food product
Preserving of reprodution cell (sperm and ovum)
Storage iological sample !ave a role "n growt# of plants vegetatif
$iving olour at plants
%engt#ening plants age
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"angr of Nitrogn
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2ara mm%ro#$ N5
1 NH42# NaNO5 Na2# NH4NO5it$ &a#or N5 5H5O
5 4NH3 32a(O!5 5N5 6NH4?r
3 @NH3 3?r5 N5 6NH4?r
4 5NaN3 it$ su$u 300 2 3N5 5Na
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P$osfor is t$ #'nt$ most abudant#mnt in t$ art$s &rust
bout 60Q of bons and tt$ ar
2a3(PO4!5 or :3(2a3(PO4!5!2a5; T$ nui& a&ids ar mad u% of
%o#ystr&$ains of %$os%$at and sugarit$ organi& bas
P$os%$orus in t$ form of TP and "P isim%ortan&s for t$ %rodu&tion of nrgyin#s
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Ra&ti'ity
Nitrogn is r#ati'#y unra&ti',$i&$ is $y it $as a&&umu#atd insu&$ #arg amounts in t$
atmos%$r B$it %$os%$orus &at&$s 8r $n
/%osd to air, burning to form
P4O10 Rd %$os%orus is stab#in airtm%ratur, t$oug$ it ra&ts on$ating
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Nitrogn 8/ation
2yanamid %ro&ss
2a25 N5 11002 2aN2N 2
2aN2N *H5O 2a2O3 5NH4OH HabrF?os&$ %ro&ss
N5 3H5 U 5NH3 $at
Its or+ on $ig$ tm%ratur
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Ra&tion it$ Ha#ids
1 Tri$a#ids
## t$ %ossib# tri$a#ids ofN,P,s,Sb, and ?i ar +non
V 3W VW3 it$ W ,2#,?r,I
Nitrogn &om%ounds art$ #aststab#
N3 is stab#, N2#3 is /%#osi'
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T$ tri$a#id ty%i&a##y $ydro#ys rad#y it$atr, but t$ %rodu&ts d%nding on t$#mnt
N2#3 4H5O NH4OH 3HO2#P2#3 3H5O H3PO4 3H2#
s2#3 H5O SbO(! 32#F 5H
Sb2#3 H5O SbO 32#F 5H
?i2#3 H5O ?iO 32#F 5H T$y a#so ra&t it$NH3
P2#3 6NH3 P(NH5!3 3NH42#
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5 Pnta$a#ids
Nitrogn is unab# to form%nta$a#ids b&aus t$ s&onds$## &ontains a ma/imumof ig$t#&trons T$ subsXunt #mnts$a' suitab# d orbita# and form
%nta$a#ids T$ mo#&u#s $a' a trigona#
bi%yramid s$a%
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O/ids of Nitrogn
ormu#a O/idationNumbr
Nam
N5O I Nitrous O/id
NO II Nitri& O/id
N5O3 III Nitrogn SsXuio/idNO5, N5O4 IY Nitrogn "io/id, "initrogn
Ttro/id
N5O* Y "initrogn Pnto/id
NO3, N5O6
(Yry unstab#!
YI Nitrogn Trio/id, "initrogn
H/o/id
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!ormula "#idation $umber
P4O6 III
P4O= III and Y
P4O@ III and Y
P4O9 III and YP4O10 Y