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GENERAL OVGENERAL OVGEOTECHNICGEOTECHNIC
HIGHWAY PHIGHWAY PHIGHWAY PHIGHWAY P
Lesson 1 Lesson 1
VERVIEW OF VERVIEW OF CAL INPUT TO CAL INPUT TO PROJECTSPROJECTSPROJECTSPROJECTS
-- Topic 2Topic 2
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GENERAL OVERVGENERAL OVERVGEOTECHNICAL GEOTECHNICAL 1 Recognize the Import1 Recognize the Import1. Recognize the Import1. Recognize the Import
Theory, and ExperiencTheory, and Experienc2 Recall Basic Geotech2 Recall Basic Geotech2. Recall Basic Geotech2. Recall Basic Geotech
ACTIVITY:ACTIVITY: QuestionQuestion--
VIEW OF VIEW OF INPUTINPUT
tance of Testingtance of Testingtance of Testing, tance of Testing, cece
hnical Phaseshnical Phaseshnical Phaseshnical Phases
--AnswerAnswer
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Geotechnical ParGeotechnical ParProject PhasesProject PhasesggPlanningPlanningggPlanningPlanning
-- Prepare Terrain ReconPrepare Terrain Recon-- Perform Site InspectionPerform Site InspectionPerform Site InspectionPerform Site Inspection
ggAlternate DesignAlternate Design-- Assess Major Soil ProbAssess Major Soil ProbAssess Major Soil ProbAssess Major Soil Prob-- Implement SubsurfaceImplement Subsurface
rticipation in rticipation in
nnaissance Reportnnaissance Reportnnnn
blemsblemsblemsblemse Programe Program
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Geotechnical ParGeotechnical ParProject Phases (CProject Phases (CggAdvance Detailed PlanAdvance Detailed PlanggAdvance Detailed PlanAdvance Detailed Plan
-- Complete Testing and Complete Testing and -- Submit Foundation InvSubmit Foundation InvSubmit Foundation InvSubmit Foundation Inv
ggFinal DesignFinal Design-- Review Final PlansReview Final PlansReview Final PlansReview Final Plans-- Prepare PrePrepare Pre--bid Geotecbid Geotec
rticipation in rticipation in Cont’d)Cont’d)nsnsnsnsAnalysisAnalysis
vestigation Reportvestigation Reportvestigation Reportvestigation Report
chnical Packagechnical Package
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Geotechnical ParGeotechnical ParProject Phases (CProject Phases (CggConstructionConstructionggConstructionConstruction
-- Brief Project StaffBrief Project Staff-- Trouble Shoot GeotechTrouble Shoot GeotechTrouble Shoot GeotechTrouble Shoot Geotech
ggPost ConstructionPost Construction-- Monitor ResultsMonitor ResultsMonitor ResultsMonitor Results-- Participate in Court of Participate in Court of
rticipation in rticipation in Cont’d)Cont’d)
hnical Problemshnical Problemshnical Problemshnical Problems
Claims ActionsClaims Actions
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TestingTestinggg
ExperExperExperExper
TheoryTheoryTheoryTheory
riencerienceriencerience
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Terrain ReconnaiTerrain Reconnaiissanceissance
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Site InspectionSite Inspection
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Subsurface BorinSubsurface Borinngsngs
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Soil ProfileSoil Profile
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Pipe Organ LandsPipe Organ LandsPreliminary Soil ProfilePreliminary Soil Profile
6000
5900
5800
57005700
5600
5500
5400Original GRND Line Test
Hole “B”
Test Hole “D”
5300
5200
5100
5000Test Hole5000
4900
0+00 5+00 10+00
Fault
Hole “C”
0+00 5+00 10+00
slideslide
6000
5900
5800
5700Test Hole Test 5700
5600
5500
5400
Test Hole “I”
Test Hole “E”
Hole “G” Hole
“F”Silt
Clayey Deposit
5300
5200
5100
5000
Water Table
Green Clay
5000
4900
15+00 20+00 26+0015+00 20+00 26+00
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Typical Final SoilTypical Final Soil
Elevation (Ft.)Elevation (Ft.)560560
540540 Sand & Gravel (Fill)Sand & Gravel (Fill)33
520520
500500
Sand & Gravel (Fill)Sand & Gravel (Fill)
Medium DenMedium DenU-1U-1
500500
480480
Medium VMedium VU-2U-2
U-3U-3
44’
460460
440440
Very DSand &
Very DSand &
440440
l Profilel Profile
30’30’
nse Silty Sandnse Silty Sand N ≈ 17 (7 to 30) Blows/Ft.N ≈ 17 (7 to 30) Blows/Ft.
Varved ClayVarved ClayC = 900 PSFC = 900 PSFN ≈ 8 (6 to 12) Blows/Ft.N ≈ 8 (6 to 12) Blows/Ft.
Dense & GravelDense
& Gravel N ≈ 54 (28 to 96) Blows/Ft.N ≈ 54 (28 to 96) Blows/Ft.
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Soil TestingSoil Testing
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Coulomb’s EquatCoulomb’s EquatS= C + (Norma
S
CN
S
Φ
N
Φ
tiontional Force) Tan Φ
Φ
S
C
S = C
N
C
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Geotechnical AnaGeotechnical Anaalysis alysis
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Embankments Embankments Major Design ConMajor Design ConggStabilityStabilityggStabilityStabilityggSettlementSettlementggEff t St tEff t St tggEffects on Structure Effects on Structure
nsiderationsnsiderations
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Design SolutionsDesign SolutionsEmbankment ProEmbankment ProggChange AlignmentChange AlignmentggChange AlignmentChange AlignmentggLower GradeLower GradeggC t bC t bggCounterbermCounterbermggExcavate and ReplaceExcavate and Replace
s to s to oblemsoblems
e Weak soilse Weak soils
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Structural FoundaStructural Founda
ggShallow FoundationsShallow FoundationsggShallow Foundations Shallow Foundations -- Bearing CapacityBearing Capacity-- SettlementSettlement
ggDeep FoundationsDeep Foundations-- Load CapacityLoad Capacityp yp y-- SettlementSettlement-- Negative Skin FrictionNegative Skin Friction
ation Topicsation Topics
(Spread Footings)(Spread Footings)(Spread Footings)(Spread Footings)
nn
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Shallow FoundatiShallow Foundati
Load, VLoad, VLoad, VLoad, V
nt, S
nt, S
nt, S
nt, S GeneralGeneralGeneralGeneral
Settl
eme
Settl
eme
Settl
eme
Settl
eme
LocalLocalLocalLocal
ion Failure Modeion Failure Mode
General Shear FailureGeneral Shear FailureVV
BulgeBulge
33 331122 2233 33
Soil undergoes sudden failure as wedge 1 displaces Soil undergoes sudden failure as wedge 1 displaces zones 2 and 3zones 2 and 3
Soil undergoes sudden failure as wedge 1 displaces Soil undergoes sudden failure as wedge 1 displaces zones 2 and 3zones 2 and 3
VVLocal Shear FailureLocal Shear Failure
22 22
1122 2233 33
Tan Ø’ = tan ØTan Ø’ = tan Ø2233 C’ = CC’ = C22
33Soil undergoes compaction in zones 1, 2 and 3Soil undergoes compaction in zones 1, 2 and 3Soil undergoes compaction in zones 1, 2 and 3Soil undergoes compaction in zones 1, 2 and 3
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Settlement of FooSettlement of FooZ Sand & Gravel V
Y
P0
Z S d & G
Sand
Soft Clay Z Sand & GΔ
S
Y
Sand
oC PPlogHCS Δ+
oo
oC
Plog
e1S
+=
otings on Clayotings on ClayV
G lGravel
P0
Δ P VS
Soft Clay
0
Sand & GravelSand & Gravel
Y-S
Sand
Soft Clay
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Individual Piles Individual Piles
Method of Estimating LMethod of Estimating LMethod of Estimating LMethod of Estimating LggLoad TestLoad TestggD i F lD i F lggDynamic FormulaDynamic FormulaggStatic Analysis Static Analysis
Load CapacityLoad CapacityLoad Capacity Load Capacity
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The Fundamental PThe Fundamental P
RhWWEnergyHammer =
WR
RhW
=
=
WWWWhh
SS
Pile Driving FormulaPile Driving Formula
sRResistanceSoilofWork
hWs R
s
RR
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Ultimate Bearing Ultimate Bearing Formula Method (Formula Method (
Q =Qu =
Embedded
Length= D
Length
QP = qPAP
Capacity Capacity -- Static Static (Q(Quu = Q= Qpp + Q+ Qss))= Ultimate Bearing= Ultimate Bearing
Capacity
Qs = fAs
f = Unit Frictionalf = Unit Frictional Resistance
AS = Shaft Area S
qP = Unit Bearing Capacity
AP = Area of Point
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Construction AspConstruction Asp
Monitoring ConstruMonitoring Constru
Quality Assurance
pectspects
uction Operationsuction Operations
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Select Material SpSelect Material Sp
ggSpecification ItemSpecification ItemggSpecification ItemSpecification Item-- 6”6”--8” Lift 8” Lift
ThicknessThickness-- Topsize Topsize
RestrictionRestriction-- Gradation Req’mtGradation Req’mt
pecificationspecifications
ggReason for ItemReason for ItemggReason for ItemReason for Item-- Small Compaction Small Compaction
EquipmentEquipmentq pq p-- Less than 3/4 Lift Less than 3/4 Lift
ThicknessThickness-- CompactibilityCompactibility
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*PROJECT *PROJECT
CooperatioCooperatioDesign & CoDesign & CoDesign & CoDesign & Co
SUCCESS*SUCCESS*
on Between on Between onstructiononstructiononstructiononstruction
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GENERAL OVERVGENERAL OVERVGEOTECHNICAL GEOTECHNICAL 1 Recognize the Import1 Recognize the Import1. Recognize the Import1. Recognize the Import
Theory, and ExperiencTheory, and Experienc2 Recall Basic Geotech2 Recall Basic Geotech2. Recall Basic Geotech2. Recall Basic Geotech
ACTIVITY:ACTIVITY: QuestionQuestion--
VIEW OF VIEW OF INPUTINPUT
tance of Testingtance of Testingtance of Testing, tance of Testing, cece
hnical Phaseshnical Phaseshnical Phaseshnical Phases
--AnswerAnswer