PSC 2014CLEMSON UNIVERSITY
HAND-IN-HANDTHE EVOLUTION OF REAL -TIMESIMULATION AND SMART GRIDNETWORKS
Presentation Outline
Brief history of real time simulation
First steps toward Smart Grid Devices
IEC 61850
Distributed Energy Resources
PMU Testing
Wide Area Protection and Control
Power Hardware In the Loop
Conclusion
The World Standard for Real Time Digital Power System Simulation
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Analogue Simulators
The World Standard for Real Time Digital Power System Simulation
• Inherently operated in real
time
• Physical models of power
systems – scaled down
transformers, machines, etc.
• Limited flexibility
• Required highly experienced
operators
• Considerable space requirements
• Expensive to purchase and maintain
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Digital Simulation
The World Standard for Real Time Digital Power System Simulation
• Dr. Herman Dommel
• IEEE Transactions on Power
Apparatus and Systems, April 1969
• ElectroMagnetic Transient Program - EMTP
• Development of EMTP at BPA
• Dr. Dommel’s work lead to the development
of several other EMT simulation programs
• Dennis Woodford - EMTDC ®
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Real-Time Digital Simulation
The World Standard for Real Time Digital Power System Simulation
• Manitoba HVDC Research Centre
• PSCAD ® – EMTDC ®
• Developed the world’s first real-time
digital simulator in 1989
• RTDS® Simulator
• Today real-time digital simulators are used all over the world
to study power systems and test physical devices
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First Steps Toward Smart Grid
The World Standard for Real Time Digital Power System Simulation
• What is a Smart Grid device?
Any new device that increases the “intelligence” of our
networks
HVDC and FACTS
Multi-function digital relays
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Increased Functionality
The World Standard for Real Time Digital Power System Simulation
• Movement from electromechanical to digital relays
Prove new devices under realistic
conditions
Test all functions under wide variety
of conditions
Test many new features added
o Power swing blocking
o Series compensation
o Etc.
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IEC 61850
The World Standard for Real Time Digital Power System Simulation
Electrical Interface
IEC 61850
Interface
Real Time Simulator
Real Time Simulator
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Distributed Energy Resource
The World Standard for Real Time Digital Power System Simulation
Uses for real time simulators
Testing of protection and control
Individual devices and entire
installation
Challenges for real time
High speed power electronics
Installations comprised of large number of smaller units
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DC Grids
The World Standard for Real Time Digital Power System Simulation
Off shore connections for wind energy
Strengthening of existing HVAC Grid
Multi-Modular Converter
Hundreds of submodules per valve
Very fast acting protection functions
Conventional LCC-based HVDC
New MMC-based HVDC
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PMU Testing
The World Standard for Real Time Digital Power System Simulation
• PMU’s assumed to be critical element of wide area
protection and control
• Individual device performance must be understood
• Control test signal input to measure Total Vector Error
(TVE)
Φ
Re
Im
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Time Reference
The World Standard for Real Time Digital Power System Simulation
Common time reference required for simulation
and device under test
GPS time synchronization
• 1PPS, IRIG-B, and IEEE 1588
Phasor
Measurement
Unit
Real-Time
Digital
Simulator
GPS
Clock
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Wide Area Protection and Control
The World Standard for Real Time Digital Power System Simulation
Wide Area Control and
Protection is thought to
have many advantages and
benefits
The wide area measurement
system based on PMU can
provide information to a
global or master control
scheme
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Power Hardware In the Loop
The World Standard for Real Time Digital Power System Simulation
Test of actual power equipment
kW to MW range
Requires special amplifiers or
converters
Simulation challenges due to delay
between analog and digital world
Test wind turbines, solar panels, etc.
Connect real time simulator to
microgrids to represent large scale
interconnections
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Hand-In-Hand
The World Standard for Real Time Digital Power System Simulation
Smart Grid devices and initiatives are driving the
development of real time simulators
Real time simulators are allowing many new Smart Grid
initiatives to be tested and developed without which they
could not be deployed
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