![Page 1: PowerPoint Presentation · Bousinesq approximation • 9. Acceleration from discharges • 1. Fluid acceleration • 2. Horizontal gradients in the velocity • 3. Coriolis acceleration](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042711/5f73ec0bb851a407a913130a/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Aquaculture water body modeling (a few examples big and small)
June 2013
Dr Neil Hartstein DHI Water and Environment
![Page 2: PowerPoint Presentation · Bousinesq approximation • 9. Acceleration from discharges • 1. Fluid acceleration • 2. Horizontal gradients in the velocity • 3. Coriolis acceleration](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042711/5f73ec0bb851a407a913130a/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Talk Outline • An introduction to modeling
• Types of models that I have used within ASEAN/NZ/AUS
• Examples of aquaculture projects with a focus on modeling
• Success
• Where I would like to see things going to in the future
![Page 3: PowerPoint Presentation · Bousinesq approximation • 9. Acceleration from discharges • 1. Fluid acceleration • 2. Horizontal gradients in the velocity • 3. Coriolis acceleration](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042711/5f73ec0bb851a407a913130a/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
What is modeling?
• Many ways to define a model: in general, representation of another entity, scaled/simplified or not
• Subcategory: Mathematical models, not only used in natural sciences (economy and social sciences etc.)
• These are representations of a system, identifying a number of variables and processes that are believed to drive the real system
• Can be used for quantitative/qualitative analysis and possibly forecast future scenarios
![Page 4: PowerPoint Presentation · Bousinesq approximation • 9. Acceleration from discharges • 1. Fluid acceleration • 2. Horizontal gradients in the velocity • 3. Coriolis acceleration](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042711/5f73ec0bb851a407a913130a/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Many types….Tsunami
![Page 5: PowerPoint Presentation · Bousinesq approximation • 9. Acceleration from discharges • 1. Fluid acceleration • 2. Horizontal gradients in the velocity • 3. Coriolis acceleration](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042711/5f73ec0bb851a407a913130a/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Example of a typical model (2D)
Known discharge
Known discharge
Known water level (or flux)
Known water level (or flux)
Known water level (or flux)
Model domain: computed solution
![Page 6: PowerPoint Presentation · Bousinesq approximation • 9. Acceleration from discharges • 1. Fluid acceleration • 2. Horizontal gradients in the velocity • 3. Coriolis acceleration](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042711/5f73ec0bb851a407a913130a/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Same example applied to a real site
Known water level (or flux)
Known discharge Known discharge
Model domain: computed solution
![Page 7: PowerPoint Presentation · Bousinesq approximation • 9. Acceleration from discharges • 1. Fluid acceleration • 2. Horizontal gradients in the velocity • 3. Coriolis acceleration](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042711/5f73ec0bb851a407a913130a/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
• 6. Acceleration from buoyancy effects
• 7. Imbalance of horizontal Reynolds stresses
• 8. Vertical stresses from the Bousinesq approximation
• 9. Acceleration from discharges
• 1. Fluid acceleration • 2. Horizontal gradients in
the velocity • 3. Coriolis acceleration • 4. Acceleration from sea-
surface elevation • 5. Pressure gradient term
2
0 0
1 au t s c
z
pu u vu wu g ufv g dz F u St x y z x x x z z
ζζ ρ υρ ρ
∂∂ ∂ ∂ ∂ ∂ ∂ ∂ ∂ + + + = − − − + + + ∂ ∂ ∂ ∂ ∂ ∂ ∂ ∂ ∂ ∫
2
0 0
1 av t s c
z
pv v uv wv g vfu g dz F v St y x z y y y z z
ζζ ρ υρ ρ
∂∂ ∂ ∂ ∂ ∂ ∂ ∂ ∂ + + + = − − − + + + ∂ ∂ ∂ ∂ ∂ ∂ ∂ ∂ ∂ ∫
2 4 5 6 7 8 9
x- direction
y- direction
3 1
Flow Equations - Navier-Stokes:
![Page 8: PowerPoint Presentation · Bousinesq approximation • 9. Acceleration from discharges • 1. Fluid acceleration • 2. Horizontal gradients in the velocity • 3. Coriolis acceleration](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042711/5f73ec0bb851a407a913130a/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
3D HD: Theoretical Background
![Page 9: PowerPoint Presentation · Bousinesq approximation • 9. Acceleration from discharges • 1. Fluid acceleration • 2. Horizontal gradients in the velocity • 3. Coriolis acceleration](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042711/5f73ec0bb851a407a913130a/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
hl = ∆z
hl+1 = ∆z
hlex (t) = ∆z + η(t)
hbot = ηbot
hbot > ½ ∆z
3D HD: Theoretical Background
![Page 10: PowerPoint Presentation · Bousinesq approximation • 9. Acceleration from discharges • 1. Fluid acceleration • 2. Horizontal gradients in the velocity • 3. Coriolis acceleration](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042711/5f73ec0bb851a407a913130a/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Hydrodynamic modelling
Ecological
Advection-Dispersion modeling farm waste deposition
•Disharge •Precipitation •Evaporation
•Water levels •Fluxes •Wind •Temperature
•Initial values •Boundaries
•Point sources •Diffuse sources
•Forcing functions •Modify processes
•Own models
Chemical & Biological Coefficients
Water quality parameters Effects on
Adding modeling tools together
![Page 11: PowerPoint Presentation · Bousinesq approximation • 9. Acceleration from discharges • 1. Fluid acceleration • 2. Horizontal gradients in the velocity • 3. Coriolis acceleration](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042711/5f73ec0bb851a407a913130a/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
A simple ecological model example I use regularly (key processes)
![Page 12: PowerPoint Presentation · Bousinesq approximation • 9. Acceleration from discharges • 1. Fluid acceleration • 2. Horizontal gradients in the velocity • 3. Coriolis acceleration](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042711/5f73ec0bb851a407a913130a/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
MODELS NEED TO BE CALIBRATED WITH REAL DATA
![Page 13: PowerPoint Presentation · Bousinesq approximation • 9. Acceleration from discharges • 1. Fluid acceleration • 2. Horizontal gradients in the velocity • 3. Coriolis acceleration](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042711/5f73ec0bb851a407a913130a/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Types of models I have used • ROMS (HD only)
• DHI Software
• DEPOMOD
• Programing/equation solver types coupled to other hydrodynamic packages
![Page 14: PowerPoint Presentation · Bousinesq approximation • 9. Acceleration from discharges • 1. Fluid acceleration • 2. Horizontal gradients in the velocity • 3. Coriolis acceleration](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042711/5f73ec0bb851a407a913130a/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
ROMS • Excellent open ocean open source software • Difficult to use and needs very good programming skills. • Very good in stratified environments • Not easily coupled with ecological models
![Page 15: PowerPoint Presentation · Bousinesq approximation • 9. Acceleration from discharges • 1. Fluid acceleration • 2. Horizontal gradients in the velocity • 3. Coriolis acceleration](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042711/5f73ec0bb851a407a913130a/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
ROMS • High resolution 3D FM or classic grid • However would likely be my choice if I had the time and money (which so far doesn’t happen unless it’s a research project
![Page 16: PowerPoint Presentation · Bousinesq approximation • 9. Acceleration from discharges • 1. Fluid acceleration • 2. Horizontal gradients in the velocity • 3. Coriolis acceleration](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042711/5f73ec0bb851a407a913130a/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
MIKE • Easier to use than ROMS • Well known with 24/7 support (expensive) • Very high resolution 3D FM • Has HD, depostional, ecological models that are easy to couple togeather • Limited (HD 3D FM ONLY) with numerical issues in 3D stratified envionments
![Page 17: PowerPoint Presentation · Bousinesq approximation • 9. Acceleration from discharges • 1. Fluid acceleration • 2. Horizontal gradients in the velocity • 3. Coriolis acceleration](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042711/5f73ec0bb851a407a913130a/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
DEPOMOD • Well known and easy to use • Very cheap • However limited.. And simplified..for my liking….
![Page 18: PowerPoint Presentation · Bousinesq approximation • 9. Acceleration from discharges • 1. Fluid acceleration • 2. Horizontal gradients in the velocity • 3. Coriolis acceleration](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042711/5f73ec0bb851a407a913130a/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Equation Solvers a few examples these are coupled to other HD models i.e. ROMS or MIKE, and others… ROMS has one or two specific templates.. Mike has many.. Others have some like DELTARES…SELFE.
The EU below Template describes nutrient cycling, phytoplankton and zooplankton growth, growth and distribution of rooted vegetation and macro algae in addition to simulating oxygen conditions
![Page 19: PowerPoint Presentation · Bousinesq approximation • 9. Acceleration from discharges • 1. Fluid acceleration • 2. Horizontal gradients in the velocity • 3. Coriolis acceleration](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042711/5f73ec0bb851a407a913130a/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Ecolab: Heavy Metals template
The ME Template describes the adsorption/desorption of metals to suspended matter, the sedimentation of sorbed metals to the seabed as well as re-suspension of settled metals
It also includes the exchange of metal between the particulates of the seabed sediment and interstitial waters of the bed
![Page 20: PowerPoint Presentation · Bousinesq approximation • 9. Acceleration from discharges • 1. Fluid acceleration • 2. Horizontal gradients in the velocity • 3. Coriolis acceleration](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042711/5f73ec0bb851a407a913130a/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Ecolab: Heavy Metals template variables
• Adsorbed Metal
• Dissolved Metal
• pH = f(salinity)
• Modified equations for
Macquarie Harbour
Adsorption percentage curve used in the template
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
4.5 5.5 6.5 7.5 8.5
pH
Adso
rptio
n %
Discrete values from SSR136 Curve used in template
A specific example
![Page 21: PowerPoint Presentation · Bousinesq approximation • 9. Acceleration from discharges • 1. Fluid acceleration • 2. Horizontal gradients in the velocity • 3. Coriolis acceleration](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042711/5f73ec0bb851a407a913130a/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Copper Template
Adsorption rate = f(Salinity)
![Page 22: PowerPoint Presentation · Bousinesq approximation • 9. Acceleration from discharges • 1. Fluid acceleration • 2. Horizontal gradients in the velocity • 3. Coriolis acceleration](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042711/5f73ec0bb851a407a913130a/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Copper Template
![Page 23: PowerPoint Presentation · Bousinesq approximation • 9. Acceleration from discharges • 1. Fluid acceleration • 2. Horizontal gradients in the velocity • 3. Coriolis acceleration](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042711/5f73ec0bb851a407a913130a/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
The image part with relationship ID rId3 was not found in the file.
EXAMPLES OF AQUACULTURE PROJECTS USING MODELING (A means to an end)
Using a few methods: • Literature reviews (processes, local issues) • In-situ sampling:
– physical properties (currents, seabed, temperature, salinity, etc.)
– water quality (NH4, NO3, P, etc.) • Geographic Information Systems (GIS) • Modelling:
– Hydrodynamics – Water Quality / Ecology – Deposition
![Page 24: PowerPoint Presentation · Bousinesq approximation • 9. Acceleration from discharges • 1. Fluid acceleration • 2. Horizontal gradients in the velocity • 3. Coriolis acceleration](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042711/5f73ec0bb851a407a913130a/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Site selection / feasibility studies
Oman
![Page 25: PowerPoint Presentation · Bousinesq approximation • 9. Acceleration from discharges • 1. Fluid acceleration • 2. Horizontal gradients in the velocity • 3. Coriolis acceleration](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042711/5f73ec0bb851a407a913130a/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Site selection / feasibility studies
Oman
1.Literature review
2.In-situ sampling
3.Modelling
![Page 26: PowerPoint Presentation · Bousinesq approximation • 9. Acceleration from discharges • 1. Fluid acceleration • 2. Horizontal gradients in the velocity • 3. Coriolis acceleration](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042711/5f73ec0bb851a407a913130a/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Site selection / feasibility studies
Marlborough Sounds, NZ
![Page 27: PowerPoint Presentation · Bousinesq approximation • 9. Acceleration from discharges • 1. Fluid acceleration • 2. Horizontal gradients in the velocity • 3. Coriolis acceleration](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042711/5f73ec0bb851a407a913130a/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Site selection / feasibility studies
Marlborough Sounds, NZ
Key project details: • Find locations within the sounds region
suitable for fin-fish farming Key solutions: • Use of historical literature datasets • Collection of ADCP data • Calibrated hydrodynamic modelling defining
areas with suitable flows
![Page 28: PowerPoint Presentation · Bousinesq approximation • 9. Acceleration from discharges • 1. Fluid acceleration • 2. Horizontal gradients in the velocity • 3. Coriolis acceleration](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042711/5f73ec0bb851a407a913130a/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Site selection / feasibility studies
Marlborough Sounds, NZ
Layers for analysis
Weighted analysis Maps of suitable areas
![Page 29: PowerPoint Presentation · Bousinesq approximation • 9. Acceleration from discharges • 1. Fluid acceleration • 2. Horizontal gradients in the velocity • 3. Coriolis acceleration](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042711/5f73ec0bb851a407a913130a/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Site optimization studies Western Tasmania
Making use of various sources of information:
• Knowledge of the farming operation characteristics (stocking densities, schedules, etc.)
• In-situ sampling datasets: • Modelling: • Some common sense!
![Page 30: PowerPoint Presentation · Bousinesq approximation • 9. Acceleration from discharges • 1. Fluid acceleration • 2. Horizontal gradients in the velocity • 3. Coriolis acceleration](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042711/5f73ec0bb851a407a913130a/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Carrying capacity assessments
Perak, Malaysia Lake Temenggor
![Page 31: PowerPoint Presentation · Bousinesq approximation • 9. Acceleration from discharges • 1. Fluid acceleration • 2. Horizontal gradients in the velocity • 3. Coriolis acceleration](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042711/5f73ec0bb851a407a913130a/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Carrying capacity assessments
Perak, Malaysia
Key project details: • Preliminary assessment of the carrying
capacity of the mesotrophic lake for a production of traceable Tilapia
Key solutions: • Monitoring and in-situ sampling • Coupled hydrodynamic, deposition and
ecological modelling defining impacts of proposed production
0
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.07
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
9:36:00 12:00:00 14:24:00 16:48:00 19:12:00 21:36:00 0:00:00
(m/s
)
Wind speed and currents
Wspeed (ms) Wmax (ms) Current (m/s)
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
26
28
22.0 24.0 26.0 28.0 30.0 32.0 34.0
Dep
th (
m )
Monthly Mean Temperature
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
July
Aug
Sep
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
26
28
30
0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0
Dep
th (
m )
Monthly Mean DO
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
July
Aug
Sep
![Page 32: PowerPoint Presentation · Bousinesq approximation • 9. Acceleration from discharges • 1. Fluid acceleration • 2. Horizontal gradients in the velocity • 3. Coriolis acceleration](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042711/5f73ec0bb851a407a913130a/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Carrying capacity assessments (Lobster farming in Borneo)
![Page 33: PowerPoint Presentation · Bousinesq approximation • 9. Acceleration from discharges • 1. Fluid acceleration • 2. Horizontal gradients in the velocity • 3. Coriolis acceleration](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042711/5f73ec0bb851a407a913130a/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Carrying capacity assessments Regional Carrying capacity modeling potential (10+ studies)
![Page 34: PowerPoint Presentation · Bousinesq approximation • 9. Acceleration from discharges • 1. Fluid acceleration • 2. Horizontal gradients in the velocity • 3. Coriolis acceleration](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042711/5f73ec0bb851a407a913130a/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Carrying capacity assessments SEA Depositional footprints from small scale farms)
![Page 35: PowerPoint Presentation · Bousinesq approximation • 9. Acceleration from discharges • 1. Fluid acceleration • 2. Horizontal gradients in the velocity • 3. Coriolis acceleration](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042711/5f73ec0bb851a407a913130a/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Carrying capacity assessments
Big Glory Bay, NZ
![Page 36: PowerPoint Presentation · Bousinesq approximation • 9. Acceleration from discharges • 1. Fluid acceleration • 2. Horizontal gradients in the velocity • 3. Coriolis acceleration](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042711/5f73ec0bb851a407a913130a/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Carrying capacity assessments Big Glory Bay, NZ
Key project details: • Refined assessment of the carrying capacity
for salmon farming Key solutions: • Historical datasets • Confirmation by in-situ sampling • Advanced coupled hydrodynamic, deposition
and ecological modelling defining impacts of proposed production
![Page 37: PowerPoint Presentation · Bousinesq approximation • 9. Acceleration from discharges • 1. Fluid acceleration • 2. Horizontal gradients in the velocity • 3. Coriolis acceleration](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042711/5f73ec0bb851a407a913130a/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Big Glory Bay Calibration (WQ/Eco)
![Page 38: PowerPoint Presentation · Bousinesq approximation • 9. Acceleration from discharges • 1. Fluid acceleration • 2. Horizontal gradients in the velocity • 3. Coriolis acceleration](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042711/5f73ec0bb851a407a913130a/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
SUCCESS
Western Tasmania: Macquarie Harbour
![Page 39: PowerPoint Presentation · Bousinesq approximation • 9. Acceleration from discharges • 1. Fluid acceleration • 2. Horizontal gradients in the velocity • 3. Coriolis acceleration](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042711/5f73ec0bb851a407a913130a/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Western Tasmania: Macquarie Harbour
• Project details: – 3 growers operating – Increase of farming area
by 66% – Creation of new zones – Increase by 20k
![Page 40: PowerPoint Presentation · Bousinesq approximation • 9. Acceleration from discharges • 1. Fluid acceleration • 2. Horizontal gradients in the velocity • 3. Coriolis acceleration](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042711/5f73ec0bb851a407a913130a/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Macquarie Harbour modelling
Known water level (or flux)
Known discharge
Known discharge
Model domain: computed solution
Hydrodynamic modelling: which type of model? • The stratified parameters • Floating cages (10-15m deep)
![Page 41: PowerPoint Presentation · Bousinesq approximation • 9. Acceleration from discharges • 1. Fluid acceleration • 2. Horizontal gradients in the velocity • 3. Coriolis acceleration](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042711/5f73ec0bb851a407a913130a/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Macquarie Harbour modelling Ecological modelling: processes and parameters • Dissolved oxygen depletion from fish respiration (maximum respiration
at feeding)
Ve
rtica
l axi
s (d
epth
)
Horizontal axis
![Page 42: PowerPoint Presentation · Bousinesq approximation • 9. Acceleration from discharges • 1. Fluid acceleration • 2. Horizontal gradients in the velocity • 3. Coriolis acceleration](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042711/5f73ec0bb851a407a913130a/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Ammonium
![Page 43: PowerPoint Presentation · Bousinesq approximation • 9. Acceleration from discharges • 1. Fluid acceleration • 2. Horizontal gradients in the velocity • 3. Coriolis acceleration](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042711/5f73ec0bb851a407a913130a/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Ammonium
![Page 44: PowerPoint Presentation · Bousinesq approximation • 9. Acceleration from discharges • 1. Fluid acceleration • 2. Horizontal gradients in the velocity • 3. Coriolis acceleration](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042711/5f73ec0bb851a407a913130a/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Trigger values
![Page 45: PowerPoint Presentation · Bousinesq approximation • 9. Acceleration from discharges • 1. Fluid acceleration • 2. Horizontal gradients in the velocity • 3. Coriolis acceleration](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042711/5f73ec0bb851a407a913130a/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Start up to around 5,000 tons
Site selection and carrying capacity
TRAPIA
![Page 46: PowerPoint Presentation · Bousinesq approximation • 9. Acceleration from discharges • 1. Fluid acceleration • 2. Horizontal gradients in the velocity • 3. Coriolis acceleration](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042711/5f73ec0bb851a407a913130a/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Who I have worked with
Nissu (Salmon) Sealord (Grouper, ASB, Salmon, Trout) Darden (Lobsters) Tassal (Salmon) Regal Springs (Tilapia) Huon (Salmon, Trout) Sanford (Salmon) BAE Systems (Grouper) Maritek (Grouper, ASB) Genomar (Tilapia) Lobster harvest (Lobsters) Skretting Feed INVE Feed and health products
![Page 47: PowerPoint Presentation · Bousinesq approximation • 9. Acceleration from discharges • 1. Fluid acceleration • 2. Horizontal gradients in the velocity • 3. Coriolis acceleration](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042711/5f73ec0bb851a407a913130a/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
THE FUTURE what do I see …
![Page 48: PowerPoint Presentation · Bousinesq approximation • 9. Acceleration from discharges • 1. Fluid acceleration • 2. Horizontal gradients in the velocity • 3. Coriolis acceleration](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042711/5f73ec0bb851a407a913130a/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
THE FUTURE Small scale but $$$$
![Page 49: PowerPoint Presentation · Bousinesq approximation • 9. Acceleration from discharges • 1. Fluid acceleration • 2. Horizontal gradients in the velocity • 3. Coriolis acceleration](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042711/5f73ec0bb851a407a913130a/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
![Page 50: PowerPoint Presentation · Bousinesq approximation • 9. Acceleration from discharges • 1. Fluid acceleration • 2. Horizontal gradients in the velocity • 3. Coriolis acceleration](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042711/5f73ec0bb851a407a913130a/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
![Page 51: PowerPoint Presentation · Bousinesq approximation • 9. Acceleration from discharges • 1. Fluid acceleration • 2. Horizontal gradients in the velocity • 3. Coriolis acceleration](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042711/5f73ec0bb851a407a913130a/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Big scale
![Page 52: PowerPoint Presentation · Bousinesq approximation • 9. Acceleration from discharges • 1. Fluid acceleration • 2. Horizontal gradients in the velocity • 3. Coriolis acceleration](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042711/5f73ec0bb851a407a913130a/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Finally if we get there.. How to manage? The best of both worlds, combining either or both: • Data collection (automated or not) • Modelling
![Page 53: PowerPoint Presentation · Bousinesq approximation • 9. Acceleration from discharges • 1. Fluid acceleration • 2. Horizontal gradients in the velocity • 3. Coriolis acceleration](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042711/5f73ec0bb851a407a913130a/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
FINAL COMMENT
• Need proper studies.. Hopefully where we can all come in site selection , carrying capacity and then management.